Riesgo cardiometabólico en estudiantes de la carrera de nutrición y dietética

The cardiometabolic risk describes the probabilities of a person to suffer a heart or blood vessels damages. Hence the relevance of determining this type of risk in the students of the Nutrition and Dietetics career of the Technical University of Babahoyo. For this purpose, indicators such as waist circumference, waist/height formula, sex, body mass index, waist-height index ICE, physical activity and inductive-deductive method were measured in a population of 100 students. It was found that the predominant nutritional status in female students is overweight and obesity. This indicates that 29% of female students have an increased cardiovascular risk. With regard to cardiometabolic risk, it was determined that female students had a rate of 36%, compared with male students with 11%. Keywords: cardiometabolic risk factors, overweight, obesity. References [1]Organización Mundial de la Salud, «www.who.int. Non communicable diseases,» 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/non-communicable-diseases. [Last access: August 25, 2021]. [2]J. Maldonado, C. Carranza, M. Ortiz, C. Gómez and N.Cortés, «Prevalencia de factores de riesgo caardiometabólico en estudiantes de la Universidad de la región centroocidental en la Universidad Michoacana San Nicolás de Hidalgo. México,» SCIELO, vol. 24, nº 2, pp. 78-86, 2013. [3]M. Morales, «Influence of phisical activity and nutritional habits on the risk of metabolic syndrome,» SCIELO, vol. 6, 2016. [4]G. Morales, T. Castillo, S. Muñoz, C. Belma, A. Soto, I. Schifferli and F. Guillén, «Asociación entre factores de riesgo cardiometabólicos, actividad física y sedentarismo, » Nutrición Hospitalaria, vol. 34, nº 6, pp. 1345-1352, 2017. [5]Organización Mundial de la Salud, «Obesidad y sobrepeso,» 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight. [Last access: August 29, 2021]. [6]G. Bray, G. Fruhbeck, D. Ryan and J. Wilding, «Management of obesity,» Lancet, vol. 387, nº 7, pp. 1847-1956, 2016. [7]A. Caicedo Paliz, A. León Fierro and K. Zambrano Llaguno, Protocolo de diagnóstico y manejo multidisciplinario de pacientes con sobrepeso y obesidad en la consulta ambulatoria, Quito: Universidad San Francisco de Quito, 2021. [8]INEC, «Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (ENSANUT),» INEC, Quito, 2018. [9]N. Britto Núñez and R. Alcázar Carett, «Obesidad y riesgo cardiometabólico. Revisión.,» CIMEL, vol. 16, nº 2, pp. 106-113, 2011. [10]J. Vandervelde, H. Savelberg, N. Schaper and A. Koster, «Moderate activity and fitness not sedentary time are independently associated with cardiometabolic risks in US adults aged 18-49,» Environ Resident Public Health, vol. 12, pp. 2330-2343, 2015. [11]V. Carson and I. Janssen, «Volume, patterns and types of sedentary behavior and cardiometabolic health children and adolescents: a cross sectional study,» BMC Public Health, vol. 186, pp. 186-195, 2011. [12] T. Rendo Urteaga, A. De Moraes, T. Callesse y T. Marrios, «The combined effect of physical activity and sedentary behaviors on a clustered cardiometabolic risks score. The Helena Study,» Internal Cardiology, vol. 186, pp. 186-195, 2015. [13]R. Monroy Torres, C. Aguiklera Juarez and J. Nares, «Riesgo cardiometabólico en adolescentes con y sin obesidad: variables metabólicas, nutricionales y consumo de refresco,» revista Mexicana de trastornos Alimentarios, vol. 9, nº 1, pp. 24-33, 2018. [14]OMS, «estrategia Mundial sobre el régimen alimentario, actividad física y salud,» 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.who.int/diethysicactivity/pa/es.[Last access: August 30, 2021]. [15]A. Alvarado Sánchez, A. González Yebra and M. Macías, «Correlaciones de factores de riesgo cardiometabólicio e hipoactividad con indice corporal y circunferencia de cintura en trabajadores del sector cuero y calzado de la ciudad de León,» Jóvenes en la ciencia, vol. 3, nº 2, pp. 1-5, 2017. [16]SEEDO, «Consenso SEEDO para la evaluación del sobrepeso y la obesidad. Revista Española de Obesidad, » 2007. [Online]. Available: https://www.seedo.es/images/site/documentacionConsenso/Consenso_SEEDO_2007 pdf. [Last access: August 21, 2021].El riesgo cardiometabólico describe las probabilidades de que una persona sufra un daño en el corazón o en los vasos sanguíneos. De allí la relevancia de determinar este tipo de riesgo en los estudiantes de la carrera de Nutrición y Dietética de la Universidad Técnica de Babahoyo. Para ello, se midieron indicadores como el perímetro de cintura, la fórmula cintura / talla, sexo, índice de masa corporal, índice cintura-estatura ICE, la actividad física y el método inductivo-deductivo, en una población de 100 estudiantes. Se encontró que el estado nutricional predominante en las estudiantes femeninas es el sobrepeso y la obesidad. Esto indica que un 29% de estudiantes femeninas tienen un riesgo cardiovascular aumentado. Con respecto al riesgo cardiometabólico, se determinó que las estudiantes femeninas tienen un índice de 36%, a diferencia de los estudiantes masculinos con un 11%. Palabras clave: factores de riesgo cardiometabólico, sobrepeso, obesidad. Referencias [1]Organización Mundial de la Salud, «www.who.int. Non communicable diseases,» 2018. [En línea]. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/non-communicable-diseases. [Último acceso: 25 agosto 2021]. [2]J. Maldonado, C. Carranza, M. Ortiz, C. Gómez y N.Cortés, «Prevalencia de factores de riesgo caardiometabólico en estudiantes de la Universidad de la regióncentroocidental en la Universidad Michoacana San Nicolás de Hidalgo. México,» SCIELO, vol. 24, nº 2, pp. 78-86, 2013. [3]M. Morales, «Influence of phisical activity and nutritional habits on the risk of metabolic syndrome,» SCIELO, vol. 6, 2016. [4]G. Morales, T. Castillo, S. Muñoz, C. Belma, A. Soto, I. Schifferli y F. Guillén, «Asociación entre factores de riesgo cardiometabólicos, actividad física y sedentarismo, » Nutrición Hospitalaria, vol. 34, nº 6, pp. 1345-1352, 2017. [5]Organización Mundial de la Salud, «Obesidad y sobrepeso,» 2021. [En línea]. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight. [Último acceso: 29 agosto 2021]. [6]G. Bray, G. Fruhbeck, D. Ryan y J. Wilding, «Management of obesity,» Lancet, vol. 387, nº 7, pp. 1847-1956, 2016. [7]A. Caicedo Paliz, A. León Fierro y K. e. a. Zambrano Llaguno, Protocolo de diagnóstico y manejo multidisciplinario de pacientes con sobrepeso y obesidad en la consulta ambulatoria, Quito: Universidad San Francisco de Quito, 2021. [8]INEC, «Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (ENSANUT),» INEC, Quito, 2018. [9]N. Britto Núñez y R. Alcázar Carett, «Obesidad y riesgo cardiometabólico. Revisión.,» CIMEL, vol. 16, nº 2, pp. 106-113, 2011. [10]J. Vandervelde, H. Savelberg, N. Schaper y A. Koster, «Moderate activity and fitness not sedentary time are independently associated with cardiometabolic risks in US adults aged 18-49,» Environ Resident Public Health, vol. 12, pp. 2330-2343, 2015. [11]V. carson y I. Janssen, «Volume, patterns and types of sedentary behavior and cardiometabolic health children and adolescents: a cross sectional study,» BMC Public Health, vol. 186, pp. 186-195, 2011. [12] T. rendo Urteaga, A. De Moraes, T. Callesse y T. e. a. Marrios, «The combined effect of physical activity and sedentary behaviors on a clustered cardiometabolic risks score. The Helena Study,» Internal Cardiology, vol. 186, pp. 186-195, 2015. [13]R. Monroy Torres, C. Aguiklera Juarez y J. Nares, «Riesgo cardiometabólico en adolescentes con y sin obesidad: variables metabólicas, nutricionales y consumo de refresco,» revista Mexicana de trastornos Alimentarios, vol. 9, nº 1, pp. 24-33, 2018. [14]OMS, «estrategia Mundial sobre el régimen alimentario, actividad física y salud,» 2017. [En línea]. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/diethysicactivity/pa/es.[Último acceso: 30 agosto 2021]. [15]A. Alvarado Sánchez, A. González Yebra y M. e. a. Macías, «Correlaciones de factores de riesgo cardiometabólicio e hipoactividad con indice corporal y circunferencia de cintura en trabajadores del sector cuero y calzado de la ciudad de León,» Jóvenes en la ciencia, vol. 3, nº 2, pp. 1-5, 2017. [16]SEEDO, «Consenso SEEDO para la evaluación del sobrepeso y la obesidad. Revista Española de Obesidad, » 2007. [En línea]. Disponible en: https://www.seedo.es/images/site/documentacionConsenso/Consenso_SEEDO_2007 pdf. [Último acceso: 21 agosto 2021]

Phenotyping Type 2 Diabetes in Terms of Myocardial Insulin Resistance and Its Potential Cardiovascular Consequences: A New Strategy Based on 18F-FDG PET/CT

Cardiovascular risk; Myocardial insulin resistance; Type 2 diabetesRisc cardiovascular; Resistència miocàrdica a la insulina; Diabetis tipus 2Riesgo cardiovascular; Resistencia miocárdica a la insulina; Diabetes tipo 2Background: Systemic insulin resistance is generally postulated as an independent risk factor of cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the role of myocardial insulin resistance (mIR) remains to be clarified. Methods: Two 18F-FDG PET/CT scans were performed on forty-three T2D patients at baseline and after hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp (HEC). Myocardial insulin sensitivity (mIS) was determined by measuring the increment in myocardial 18F-FDG uptake after HEC. Coronary artery calcium scoring (CACs) and myocardial radiodensity (mRD) were assessed by CT. Results: After HEC, seventeen patients exhibited a strikingly enhancement of myocardial 18F-FDG uptake and twenty-six a marginal increase, thus revealing mIS and mIR, respectively. Patients with mIR showed higher mRD (HU: 38.95 [33.81–44.06] vs. 30.82 [21.48–38.02]; p = 0.03) and CACs > 400 (AU: 52% vs. 29%; p = 0.002) than patients with mIS. In addition, HOMA-IR and mIS only showed a correlation in those patients with mIR. Conclusions: 18F-FDG PET combined with HEC is a reliable method for identifying patients with mIR. This subgroup of patients was found to be specifically at high risk of developing cardiovascular events and showed myocardial structural changes. Moreover, the gold-standard HOMA-IR index was only associated with mIR in this subgroup of patients. Our results open up a new avenue for stratifying patients with cardiovascular risk in T2D.This research was funded by the Carlos III Health Institute and the European Regional Development Fund (PI16/02064 and PI20/01588) and AGAUR (2017SGR1303 and 2017SGR1144)

Identification of Myocardial Insulin Resistance by Using Liver Tests: A Simple Approach for Clinical Practice

Cardiovascular risk; Myocardial insulin resistance; Non-alcoholic fatty liver diseaseRiesgo cardiovascular; Resistencia a la insulina del miocardio; Enfermedad del higado graso no alcoholicoRisc cardiovascular; Resistència a la insulina del miocardi; Malaltia del fetge gras no alcohòlicBackground: We report that myocardial insulin resistance (mIR) occurs in around 60% of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and was associated with higher cardiovascular risk in comparison with patients with insulin-sensitive myocardium (mIS). These two phenotypes (mIR vs. mIS) can only be assessed using time-consuming and expensive methods. The aim of the present study is to search a simple and reliable surrogate to identify both phenotypes. Methods: Forty-seven patients with T2D underwent myocardial [18F]FDG PET/CT at baseline and after a hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp (HEC) to determine mIR were prospectively recruited. Biochemical assessments were performed before and after the HEC. Baseline hepatic steatosis index and index of hepatic fibrosis (FIB-4) were calculated. Furthermore, liver stiffness measurement was performed using transient elastography. Results: The best model to predict the presence of mIR was the combination of transaminases, protein levels, FIB-4 score and HOMA (AUC = 0.95; sensibility: 0.81; specificity: 0.95). We observed significantly higher levels of fibrosis in patients with mIR than in those with mIS (p = 0.034). In addition, we found that patients with mIR presented a reduced glucose uptake by the liver in comparison with patients with mIS. Conclusions: The combination of HOMA, protein, transaminases and FIB-4 is a simple and reliable tool for identifying mIR in patients with T2D. This information will be useful to improve the stratification of cardiovascular risk in T2D.This work was supported by the Carlos III Health Institute and the European Regional Development Fund (PI16/02064, PI20/01588) and the Agency for Management of University and Research Grants (AGAUR) of Catalonia (2017SGR1303)

Alignment of the ALICE Inner Tracking System with cosmic-ray tracks

37 pages, 15 figures, revised version, accepted by JINSTALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is the LHC (Large Hadron Collider) experiment devoted to investigating the strongly interacting matter created in nucleus-nucleus collisions at the LHC energies. The ALICE ITS, Inner Tracking System, consists of six cylindrical layers of silicon detectors with three different technologies; in the outward direction: two layers of pixel detectors, two layers each of drift, and strip detectors. The number of parameters to be determined in the spatial alignment of the 2198 sensor modules of the ITS is about 13,000. The target alignment precision is well below 10 micron in some cases (pixels). The sources of alignment information include survey measurements, and the reconstructed tracks from cosmic rays and from proton-proton collisions. The main track-based alignment method uses the Millepede global approach. An iterative local method was developed and used as well. We present the results obtained for the ITS alignment using about 10^5 charged tracks from cosmic rays that have been collected during summer 2008, with the ALICE solenoidal magnet switched off.Peer reviewe

Laparoscopy in management of appendicitis in high-, middle-, and low-income countries: a multicenter, prospective, cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Appendicitis is the most common abdominal surgical emergency worldwide. Differences between high- and low-income settings in the availability of laparoscopic appendectomy, alternative management choices, and outcomes are poorly described. The aim was to identify variation in surgical management and outcomes of appendicitis within low-, middle-, and high-Human Development Index (HDI) countries worldwide. METHODS: This is a multicenter, international prospective cohort study. Consecutive sampling of patients undergoing emergency appendectomy over 6 months was conducted. Follow-up lasted 30 days. RESULTS: 4546 patients from 52 countries underwent appendectomy (2499 high-, 1540 middle-, and 507 low-HDI groups). Surgical site infection (SSI) rates were higher in low-HDI (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.33-4.99, p = 0.005) but not middle-HDI countries (OR 1.38, 95% CI 0.76-2.52, p = 0.291), compared with high-HDI countries after adjustment. A laparoscopic approach was common in high-HDI countries (1693/2499, 67.7%), but infrequent in low-HDI (41/507, 8.1%) and middle-HDI (132/1540, 8.6%) groups. After accounting for case-mix, laparoscopy was still associated with fewer overall complications (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.42-0.71, p < 0.001) and SSIs (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.14-0.33, p < 0.001). In propensity-score matched groups within low-/middle-HDI countries, laparoscopy was still associated with fewer overall complications (OR 0.23 95% CI 0.11-0.44) and SSI (OR 0.21 95% CI 0.09-0.45). CONCLUSION: A laparoscopic approach is associated with better outcomes and availability appears to differ by country HDI. Despite the profound clinical, operational, and financial barriers to its widespread introduction, laparoscopy could significantly improve outcomes for patients in low-resource environments. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02179112

ϒ production in p–Pb collisions at √sNN=8.16 TeV

ϒ production in p–Pb interactions is studied at the centre-of-mass energy per nucleon–nucleon collision √sNN = 8.16 TeV with the ALICE detector at the CERN LHC. The measurement is performed reconstructing bottomonium resonances via their dimuon decay channel, in the centre-of-mass rapidity intervals 2.03 < ycms < 3.53 and −4.46 < ycms < −2.96, down to zero transverse momentum. In this work, results on the ϒ(1S) production cross section as a function of rapidity and transverse momentum are presented. The corresponding nuclear modification factor shows a suppression of the ϒ(1S) yields with respect to pp collisions, both at forward and backward rapidity. This suppression is stronger in the low transverse momentum region and shows no significant dependence on the centrality of the interactions. Furthermore, the ϒ(2S) nuclear modification factor is evaluated, suggesting a suppression similar to that of the ϒ(1S). A first measurement of the ϒ(3S) has also been performed. Finally, results are compared with previous ALICE measurements in p–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV and with theoretical calculations.publishedVersio

Long- and short-range correlations and their event-scale dependence in high-multiplicity pp collisions at 1as = 13 TeV

Two-particle angular correlations are measured in high-multiplicity proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeV by the ALICE Collaboration. The yields of particle pairs at short-( 06\u3b7 3c 0) and long-range (1.6 < | 06\u3b7| < 1.8) in pseudorapidity are extracted on the near-side ( 06\u3c6 3c 0). They are reported as a function of transverse momentum (pT) in the range 1 < pT< 4 GeV/c. Furthermore, the event-scale dependence is studied for the first time by requiring the presence of high-pT leading particles or jets for varying pT thresholds. The results demonstrate that the long-range \u201cridge\u201d yield, possibly related to the collective behavior of the system, is present in events with high-pT processes as well. The magnitudes of the short- and long-range yields are found to grow with the event scale. The results are compared to EPOS LHC and PYTHIA 8 calculations, with and without string-shoving interactions. It is found that while both models describe the qualitative trends in the data, calculations from EPOS LHC show a better quantitative agreement for the pT dependency, while overestimating the event-scale dependency. [Figure not available: see fulltext.

Pion-kaon femtoscopy and the lifetime of the hadronic phase in Pb-Pb collisions at root(S)(NN)=2.76 TeV

In this paper, the first femtoscopic analysis of pion-kaon correlations at the LHC is reported. The analysis was performed on the Pb-Pb collision data at root(S)(NN) = 2.76 TeV recorded with the ALICE detector. The non-identical particle correlations probe the spatio-temporal separation between sources of different particle species as well as the average source size of the emitting system. The sizes of the pion and kaon sources increase with centrality, and pions are emitted closer to the centre of the system and/or later than kaons. This is naturally expected in a system with strong radial flow and is qualitatively reproduced by hydrodynamic models. ALICE data on pion-kaon emission asymmetry are consistent with (3+1)-dimensional viscous hydrodynamics coupled to a statistical hadronisation model, resonance propagation, and decay code THERMINATOR 2 calculation, with an additional time delay between 1 and 2 fm/c for kaons. The delay can be interpreted as evidence for a significant hadronic rescattering phase in heavy-ion collisions at the LHC. (C) 2020 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Elliptic and triangular flow of (anti)deuterons in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN =5.02 TeV

The measurements of the (anti)deuteron elliptic flow (v2) and the first measurements of triangular flow (v3) in Pb-Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon-nucleon collision √sNN = 5.02 TeV are presented. A mass ordering at low transverse momentum (pT) is observed when comparing these measurements with those of other identified hadrons, as expected from relativistic hydrodynamics. The measured (anti)deuteron v2 lies between the predictions from the simple coalescence and blast-wave models, which provide a good description of the data only for more peripheral and for more central collisions, respectively. The mass number scaling, which is violated for v2, is approximately valid for the (anti)deuterons v3. The measured v2 and v3 are also compared with the predictions from a coalescence approach with phase-space distributions of nucleons generated by IEBEVISHNU with AMPT initial conditions coupled with URQMD, and from a dynamical model based on relativistic hydrodynamics coupled to the hadronic afterburner SMASH. The model predictions are consistent with the data within the uncertainties in midcentral collisions, while a deviation is observed in the most central collisions