2,394 research outputs found
Enlargement of Submicron GasâBorne Particles by Heterogeneous Condensation for EnergyâEfficient Aerosol Separation
To improve the efficiency of aerosol separation, a process sequence for particle enlargement by condensation of water vapor on their surface is suggested. The presented method makes use of packed columns in non-equilibrium operation to achieve supersaturation, which is required for droplet growth. Although this method is known for several years, it is not widely used in industrial processes and still needs accurate investigations for consolidation and establishment. The simulation tool AerCoDe3.0 for predicting saturation and particle growth in packed columns allows investigating the thermal energy consumption under various operation conditions. Based on the results obtained in this study, optimized arrangements of columns, which are applicable as preconditioning step for existing particle separators, are proposed
Use of the kidney failure risk equation to inform clinical care of patients with chronic kidney disease: a mixed-methods systematic review
Rationale and objective
The Kidney Failure Risk Equation (KFRE) predicts the risk of end-stage kidney disease in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the utility of KFRE in clinical practice.
Study design
Systematic review.
Setting and study populations
Adult patients with CKD but not receiving renal replacement therapy enrolled in studies where KFRE was used in clinical care pathways.
Selection criteria for studies
All studies published from April 2011 to October 2021 identified from Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase and reference and citation searches of included studies.
Data extraction
Relevant data were extracted, and two reviewers independently assessed study quality using appropriate appraisal tools.
Analytical approach
Findings reported as a narrative synthesis due to heterogeneity of the included studies.
Results
Of 1635 studies identified, 440 duplicates were removed. The remaining 1195 titles and abstracts were screened. All five studies for full-text review were included in the analysis. Three uses of KFRE were assessed: (1) primary to specialty care interface; (2) general nephrology to multidisciplinary care transition; and (3) treatment planning. Evidence of impact on number of patient referrals into nephrology care was conflicting. However, wait times improved in one study. Although KFRE identified high-risk patients for increased multidisciplinary support, there was concern patients stepped down, no longer meeting eligibility criteria, may lack access to services.
Conclusions
This is the first systematic review of studies that have assessed the actual impact of KFRE in clinical practice with five studies of varying quality reported to date. Trials are in progress assessing the impact on clinical outcomes of using KFRE in clinical practice, and KFRE is being incorporated into guidelines for CKD management. Further studies are needed to assess the impact of KFRE on clinical care.
Trial registration number
Protocol registered on PROSPERO before initiation of the study (Ref: CRD42020219926)
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Genome-wide variation and transcriptional changes in diverse developmental processes underlie the rapid evolution of seasonal adaptation
Many organisms enter a dormant state in their life cycle to deal with predictable changes in environments over the course of a year. The timing of dormancy is therefore a key seasonal adaptation, and it evolves rapidly with changing environments. We tested the hypothesis that differences in the timing of seasonal activity are driven by differences in the rate of development during diapause in Rhagoletis pomonella, a fly specialized to feed on fruits of seasonally limited host plants. Transcriptomes from the central nervous system across a time series during diapause show consistent and progressive changes in transcripts participating in diverse developmental processes, despite a lack of gross morphological change. Moreover, population genomic analyses suggested that many genes of small effect enriched in developmental functional categories underlie variation in dormancy timing and overlap with gene sets associated with development rate in Drosophila melanogaster. Our transcriptional data also suggested that a recent evolutionary shift from a seasonally late to a seasonally early host plant drove more rapid development during diapause in the early fly population. Moreover, genetic variants that diverged during the evolutionary shift were also enriched in putative cis regulatory regions of genes differentially expressed during diapause development. Overall, our data suggest polygenic variation in the rate of developmental progression during diapause contributes to the evolution of seasonality in R. pomonella. We further discuss patterns that suggest hourglass-like developmental divergence early and late in diapause development and an important role for hub genes in the evolution of transcriptional divergence
A vidĂ©ki tĂĄj hasznĂĄlatĂĄban bekövetkezett vĂĄltozĂĄsok tĂĄrsadalmi reakciĂłk tĂŒkrĂ©ben
KutatĂĄsunk alapvetĆ cĂ©lja a hazai vidĂ©ki tĂĄj hasznĂĄlatĂĄban bekövetkezett vĂĄltozĂĄsok vizsgĂĄlata, valamint az ezzel kapcsolatos tĂĄrsadalmi reakciĂłk feltĂĄrĂĄsa. Ennek sorĂĄn azt kĂvĂĄnjuk elsĆsorban megvizsgĂĄlni a KiskunsĂĄgi Nemzeti Park pĂ©ldĂĄjĂĄn, hogy a tĂĄj kezelĂ©se sorĂĄn milyen mĂłdon Ă©s eszközökkel törekedtek a korĂĄbbi mezĆgazdasĂĄgi mƱvelĂ©s terĂŒleteinek mƱvelĂ©si ĂĄg vĂĄltĂĄsĂĄra, Ă©s a termĂ©szetközeli ĂĄllapotok visszaĂĄllĂtĂĄsĂĄra, illetve e folyamatban milyen eredmĂ©nyeket Ă©rtek el. A tĂ©ma idĆszerƱsĂ©gĂ©t az is jelzi, hogy az elmĂșlt Ă©v vĂ©gĂ©n a vĂ©dett terĂŒletek kb. 20 %-ĂĄt a Nemzeti Földalap kezelĂ©sĂ©be adta az ĂĄllam, tehĂĄt sorsuk a termĂ©szetvĂ©delem szempontjĂĄbĂłl Ășjra bizonytalannĂĄ vĂĄlhat
Interpreting and reporting âŽâ°Ar/ÂłâčAr geochronologic data
The âŽâ°Ar/ÂłâčAr dating method is among the most versatile of geochronometers, having the potential to date a broad variety of K-bearing materials spanning from the time of Earthâs formation into the historical realm. Measurements using modern noble-gas mass spectrometers are now producing âŽâ°Ar/ÂłâčAr dates with analytical uncertainties of âŒ0.1%, thereby providing precise time constraints for a wide range of geologic and extraterrestrial processes. Analyses of increasingly smaller subsamples have revealed age dispersion in many materials, including some minerals used as neutron fluence monitors. Accordingly, interpretive strategies are evolving to address observed dispersion in dates from a single sample. Moreover, inferring a geologically meaningful âageâ from a measured âdateâ or set of dates is dependent on the geological problem being addressed and the salient assumptions associated with each set of data. We highlight requirements for collateral information that will better constrain the interpretation of âŽâ°Ar/ÂłâčAr data sets, including those associated with single-crystal fusion analyses, incremental heating experiments, and in situ analyses of microsampled domains. To ensure the utility and viability of published results, we emphasize previous recommendations for reporting âŽâ°Ar/ÂłâčAr data and the related essential metadata, with the amendment that data conform to evolving standards of being findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR) by both humans and computers. Our examples provide guidance for the presentation and interpretation of âŽâ°Ar/ÂłâčAr dates to maximize their interdisciplinary usage, reproducibility, and longevity
Search for the standard model Higgs boson in the H to ZZ to 2l 2nu channel in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV
A search for the standard model Higgs boson in the H to ZZ to 2l 2nu decay
channel, where l = e or mu, in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7
TeV is presented. The data were collected at the LHC, with the CMS detector,
and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 inverse femtobarns. No
significant excess is observed above the background expectation, and upper
limits are set on the Higgs boson production cross section. The presence of the
standard model Higgs boson with a mass in the 270-440 GeV range is excluded at
95% confidence level.Comment: Submitted to JHE
Search for anomalous t t-bar production in the highly-boosted all-hadronic final state
A search is presented for a massive particle, generically referred to as a
Z', decaying into a t t-bar pair. The search focuses on Z' resonances that are
sufficiently massive to produce highly Lorentz-boosted top quarks, which yield
collimated decay products that are partially or fully merged into single jets.
The analysis uses new methods to analyze jet substructure, providing
suppression of the non-top multijet backgrounds. The analysis is based on a
data sample of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV,
corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 inverse femtobarns. Upper limits
in the range of 1 pb are set on the product of the production cross section and
branching fraction for a topcolor Z' modeled for several widths, as well as for
a Randall--Sundrum Kaluza--Klein gluon. In addition, the results constrain any
enhancement in t t-bar production beyond expectations of the standard model for
t t-bar invariant masses larger than 1 TeV.Comment: Submitted to the Journal of High Energy Physics; this version
includes a minor typo correction that will be submitted as an erratu
Neural responses in parietal and occipital areas in response to visual events are modulated by prior multisensory stimuli
The effect of multi-modal vs uni-modal prior stimuli on the subsequent processing of a simple flash stimulus was studied in the context of the audio-visual 'flash-beep' illusion, in which the number of flashes a person sees is influenced by accompanying beep stimuli. EEG recordings were made while combinations of simple visual and audio-visual stimuli were presented. The experiments found that the electric field strength related to a flash stimulus was stronger when it was preceded by a multi-modal flash/beep stimulus, compared to when it was preceded by another uni-modal flash stimulus. This difference was found to be significant in two distinct timeframes--an early timeframe, from 130-160 ms, and a late timeframe, from 300-320 ms. Source localisation analysis found that the increased activity in the early interval was localised to an area centred on the inferior and superior parietal lobes, whereas the later increase was associated with stronger activity in an area centred on primary and secondary visual cortex, in the occipital lobe. The results suggest that processing of a visual stimulus can be affected by the presence of an immediately prior multisensory event. Relatively long-lasting interactions generated by the initial auditory and visual stimuli altered the processing of a subsequent visual stimulus.status: publishe
Measurement of the Z/gamma* + b-jet cross section in pp collisions at 7 TeV
The production of b jets in association with a Z/gamma* boson is studied
using proton-proton collisions delivered by the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy
of 7 TeV and recorded by the CMS detector. The inclusive cross section for
Z/gamma* + b-jet production is measured in a sample corresponding to an
integrated luminosity of 2.2 inverse femtobarns. The Z/gamma* + b-jet cross
section with Z/gamma* to ll (where ll = ee or mu mu) for events with the
invariant mass 60 < M(ll) < 120 GeV, at least one b jet at the hadron level
with pT > 25 GeV and abs(eta) < 2.1, and a separation between the leptons and
the jets of Delta R > 0.5 is found to be 5.84 +/- 0.08 (stat.) +/- 0.72 (syst.)
+(0.25)/-(0.55) (theory) pb. The kinematic properties of the events are also
studied and found to be in agreement with the predictions made by the MadGraph
event generator with the parton shower and the hadronisation performed by
PYTHIA.Comment: Submitted to the Journal of High Energy Physic
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