The new town square: Twitter discourses about balconies during the 2020 lockdown in Spain

This work is part of the results of the Research Project ‘Multi-methodological Approach to Residential Behaviour and Everyday Life (MARBEL)’, code PID2020.119569GA.I00 funded by MCIN/ AEI /10.13039/501100011033, and had financial support from the Project MOVICRA (P20_00571), funded by Consejería de Universidad, Investigación e Innovación de la Junta de Andalucía, and by FEDER “Una manera de hacer Europa”.The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown in Spain during Spring 2020 resulted in a ban on most uses of public space, producing a social redefinition of not only public spaces, but also private spaces such as homes. This paper examines the discourses related to balconies that appeared at this time on Twitter (X), an intermediate microspace and hybrid between the public and private. The study uses data from tweets posted in Spain during the strictest phase of the lockdown (from 15 March to 1 May 2020). Based on a descriptive analytical approach – both quantitative and textual – the study applies text content analysis and natural language processing to identify and analyse the main topics of conversation related to the use of balconies. The study brought to light two primary and complementary results. Firstly, the balcony during the pandemic became a revitalized space in an exceptional situation, partially adapting to the most common practices characteristic of public space and thus reaffirming the importance of the existence of public spaces for citizen encounters. Secondly, the various uses of balconies received different types of attention and generated stronger or weaker interactions on social networks, demonstrating the complexity and diversity of relationships with public spaces.MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 PID2020.119569GA.I00Junta de Andalucía MOVICRA (P20_00571)FEDER “Una manera de hacer Europa

Creación de un servicio publicitario móvil en bicicleta: Un estudio de factibilidad del emprendimiento ecológico

El presente proyecto busca crear nuevas fuentes de empleo para sectores vulnerables de la población, como son: artes gráficas quienes serán los encargados del diseño e impresión de la publicidad; asesores comerciales encargados de las ventas; secretarias y personas que puedan conducir bicicletas, quienes llevarán a cabo todas las acciones del negocio circulando por las calles de la ciudad. “AD MOVIL” es una empresa dedicada a prestar servicios de publicidad móvil en bicicleta para el sector comercial de Ambato, sus tres modalidades son de gran impacto para las empresas contratantes, pues la innovación llega a la publicidad a través de un medio de transporte ecológico como es la bicicleta. Los anuncios publicitarios son de primera calidad, por lo tanto puede servir para varias campañas según el cliente lo requiera o lo necesite. Pero sobre todo innovar la publicidad dando paso a nuevas tendencias Ecológicas

Una síntesis del estado actual de actividad del volcán Galeras, Colombia, 2009

Giving continuity to the eruptive process of Galeras volcano detected about middle of 2004, after the intrusion of a lava dome in 2006, and the occurrence of explosive eruptions in July 12 of the same year and January 17 of 2008, new magmatic material was observed in September, 2008, joining the remnants of the 2006 dome, with an estimated volume 3 towards the end of 2008, near to 5.000.000 m, restarting a new cycle of eruptive explosive processes, three of them within one month. These eruptions, in February 14 and 20 and March 13 of 2009, threw juvenile magma (with high glass contains), with the particularity of exhibiting before and at a few hours, a decrease in the seismicity, specially that one associated with transit of fluids as well as the decrease in the emissions of Sulphur Dioxide, SO . Although it was 2 no record of "Screw" type events, there were observed "hybrid" earthquakes with a fracture component, of superficial source. The presence of a lava dome, the cooling and partial solidification of the magma column with the consequent sealing of conduits, avoiding the free escape of gases, could explain the mechanism of beginning of these eruptions and with it, the behavior observed in seismicity and SO2. In comparative terms, the seismic energy liberated by the eruptions of the current cycle of reactivation, allows to establish from bigger to minor degree, the following order: Nov/21/04, Aug/21/04, Feb/20/09, Mar/13/09, Jan/17/08, Feb/14/09, Jul/12/06, Aug/11/04 and Nov/24/05. The total volume considered as minimum deposited by the 3explosive eruptions between 2004 and 2009 is near to 6.500.000 m , of which, almost a 38% 3 (2.500.000 m ) corresponds to the 2009 eruptions. Galeras continues presenting fluctuations in its activity, framed in the mobilization of the major volume of magmatic material of 20 years ofpermanent monitoring.Dando continuidad al proceso eruptivo del volcán Galeras, detectado hacia mediados de 2004, después de la intrusión de un domo de lava en 2006 y la ocurrencia de erupciones explosivas el 12 de julio del mismo año y el 17 de enero de 2008, nuevo material magmático se observó en septiembre de 2008, incorporándose a los remanentes del domo de 2006, con un volumen estimado, hacia finales del 2008, cercano a los 5.000.000 m3, reiniciando un nuevo ciclo de procesos eruptivos explosivos, tres de ellos en el término de un mes. Estas erupciones, el 14 y 20 de febrero y el 13 de marzo de 2009, arrojaron magma juvenil (con altos contenidos de vidrio), con la particularidad de exhibir previamente, y en pocas horas, una disminución en la sismicidad, especialmente aquella asociada con tránsito de fluidos e, igualmente, el descenso en las emisiones de dióxido de azufre, SO2. Aunque no se registraron sismos tipo "tornillo", se observaron registros de sismos "híbridos", con una componente de fractura de carácter de fuente superficial. La presencia del domo de lava, el enfriamiento y solidificación parcial de la columna de magma con el consiguiente taponamiento de conductos, evitando la salida libre de gases, podría explicar el mecanismo de inicio de esas erupciones y, con ello, el comportamiento observado en sismicidad y en SO2.  En términos comparativos, la energía sísmica liberada por las erupciones del actual ciclo de reactivación permite establecer, de mayor a menor grado, el siguiente orden: 21/Nov/04, 21/Ago/04, 20/Feb/09, 13/Mar/09, 17/Ene/08, 14/Feb/09, 12/Jul/06, 11/Ago/04 y 24/Nov/05. El volumen total considerado como mínimo depositado por las erupciones explosivas entre el 2004 y el 2009 es cercano a 6.500.000 m3, de los cuales cerca del 38% (2.500.000 m3) corresponde a las erupciones del 2009. Galeras sigue presentando fluctuaciones en su actividad, enmarcadas en la movilización del mayor volumen de material magmático de los 20 años de monitoreo continuo

Stakeholders' perspectives on the operationalisation of the ecosystem service concept : Results from 27 case studies

The ecosystem service (ES) concept is becoming mainstream in policy and planning, but operational influence on practice is seldom reported. Here, we report the practitioners' perspectives on the practical implementation of the ES concept in 27 case studies. A standardised anonymous survey (n = 246), was used, focusing on the science-practice interaction process, perceived impact and expected use of the case study assessments. Operationalisation of the concept was shown to achieve a gradual change in practices: 13% of the case studies reported a change in action (e.g. management or policy change), and a further 40% anticipated that a change would result from the work. To a large extent the impact was attributed to a well conducted science-practice interaction process (>70%). The main reported advantages of the concept included: increased concept awareness and communication; enhanced participation and collaboration; production of comprehensive science-based knowledge; and production of spatially referenced knowledge for input to planning (91% indicated they had acquired new knowledge). The limitations were mostly case-specific and centred on methodology, data, and challenges with result implementation. The survey highlighted the crucial role of communication, participation and collaboration across different stakeholders, to implement the ES concept and enhance the democratisation of nature and landscape planning. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Risk factors associated with adverse fetal outcomes in pregnancies affected by Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a secondary analysis of the WAPM study on COVID-19.

Objectives To evaluate the strength of association between maternal and pregnancy characteristics and the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes in pregnancies with laboratory confirmed COVID-19. Methods Secondary analysis of a multinational, cohort study on all consecutive pregnant women with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from February 1, 2020 to April 30, 2020 from 73 centers from 22 different countries. A confirmed case of COVID-19 was defined as a positive result on real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assay of nasal and pharyngeal swab specimens. The primary outcome was a composite adverse fetal outcome, defined as the presence of either abortion (pregnancy loss before 22 weeks of gestations), stillbirth (intrauterine fetal death after 22 weeks of gestation), neonatal death (death of a live-born infant within the first 28 days of life), and perinatal death (either stillbirth or neonatal death). Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate parameters independently associated with the primary outcome. Logistic regression was reported as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Mean gestational age at diagnosis was 30.6+/-9.5 weeks, with 8.0% of women being diagnosed in the first, 22.2% in the second and 69.8% in the third trimester of pregnancy. There were six miscarriage (2.3%), six intrauterine device (IUD) (2.3) and 5 (2.0%) neonatal deaths, with an overall rate of perinatal death of 4.2% (11/265), thus resulting into 17 cases experiencing and 226 not experiencing composite adverse fetal outcome. Neither stillbirths nor neonatal deaths had congenital anomalies found at antenatal or postnatal evaluation. Furthermore, none of the cases experiencing IUD had signs of impending demise at arterial or venous Doppler. Neonatal deaths were all considered as prematurity-related adverse events. Of the 250 live-born neonates, one (0.4%) was found positive at RT-PCR pharyngeal swabs performed after delivery. The mother was tested positive during the third trimester of pregnancy. The newborn was asymptomatic and had negative RT-PCR test after 14 days of life. At logistic regression analysis, gestational age at diagnosis (OR: 0.85, 95% CI 0.8-0.9 per week increase; pPeer reviewe

Maternal and perinatal outcomes of pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the maternal and perinatal outcomes of pregnancies affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS: This was a multinational retrospective cohort study including women with a singleton pregnancy and laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, conducted in 72 centers in 22 different countries in Europe, the USA, South America, Asia and Australia, between 1 February 2020 and 30 April 2020. Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection was defined as a positive result on real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay of nasopharyngeal swab specimens. The primary outcome was a composite measure of maternal mortality and morbidity, including admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), use of mechanical ventilation and death. RESULTS: In total, 388 women with a singleton pregnancy tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 on RT-PCR of a nasopharyngeal swab and were included in the study. Composite adverse maternal outcome was observed in 47/388 (12.1%) women; 43 (11.1%) women were admitted to the ICU, 36 (9.3%) required mechanical ventilation and three (0.8%) died. Of the 388 women included in the study, 122 (31.4%) were still pregnant at the time of data analysis. Among the other 266 women, six (19.4% of the 31 women with first-trimester infection) had miscarriage, three (1.1%) had termination of pregnancy, six (2.3%) had stillbirth and 251 (94.4%) delivered a liveborn infant. The rate of preterm birth before 37 weeks' gestation was 26.3% (70/266). Of the 251 liveborn infants, 69/251 (27.5%) were admitted to the neonatal ICU, and there were five (2.0%) neonatal deaths. The overall rate of perinatal death was 4.1% (11/266). Only one (1/251, 0.4%) infant, born to a mother who tested positive during the third trimester, was found to be positive for SARS-CoV-2 on RT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS: SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women is associated with a 0.8% rate of maternal mortality, but an 11.1% rate of admission to the ICU. The risk of vertical transmission seems to be negligible. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

¿Hacia una ciudad dual?: suburbanización y centralización en las principales ciudades españolas

Large cities and metropolitan areas are being transformed by different migratory and economic processes and also, in a relevant way, by residential mobility. This study focuses on the latter, analyzing profiles of the participants in centralization and suburbanization movements in Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia, Seville and Bilbao, based on data from the 2011 census. Using binomial logistic regression models, we have measured a greater tendency to seek out urban centers of middle classes, educated population and people living in non-traditional households. At the same time, there is a growing suburbanization of young, working-class people involved in family projects. The combination of both movements (which could be individually seen as examples of social mix) is causing an increase in urban segregation, now on a metropolitan scale.Las principales metrópolis están siendo transformadas por diferentes procesos migratorios, económicos y también, de manera relevante, por la movilidad residencial. Este trabajo se centra en esta última, analizando los perfiles de los participantes en los movimientos de centralización y suburbanización en Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia, Sevilla y Bilbao, a partir de los datos del censo de 2011. Utilizando modelos de regresión logística binomial, se ha constatado la mayor tendencia a buscar los centros urbanos de las clases medias, con estudios y en hogares no convencionales, frente a una creciente suburbanización de jóvenes, de clase trabajadora y embarcados en proyectos familiares. La combinación de ambos movimientos (que tratados individualmente podrían considerarse avances en la convivencia social) ocasiona un incremento de la segregación urbana, pero ahora a escala metropolitana

Presentación utilizada en el Seminario DINAMET (DINÁMICAS SOCIO-TERRITORIALES EN LAS ÁREAS METROPOLITANAS ESPAÑOLAS: PROCESOS ESTRUCTURALES Y CAMBIO CÍCLICO') celebrado en Sevilla los días 11 y 12 de noviembre

Este trabajo forma parte de los resultados del proyecto de investigación «Aproximación multi-metodológica al comportamiento residencial y la vida cotidiana (MARBEL)» (PID2020-119569GA-I00) del Plan Nacional de I+D y el proyecto Movilidad, Vivienda y Comportamiento Residencial en Andalucía (MOVICRA), (PY20_00571) del Plan Andaluz de Investigación.Las principales metrópolis están siendo transformadas por diferentes procesos migratorios, económicos y también, de manera relevante, por la movilidad residencial. Este trabajo se centra en esta última, analizando los perfiles de los participantes en los movimientos de centralización y suburbanización en Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia, Sevilla y Bilbao, a partir de los datos del censo de 2011. Utilizando modelos de regresión logística binomial, se ha constatado la mayor tendencia a buscar los centros urbanos de las clases medias, con estudios y en hogares no convencionales, frente a una creciente suburbanización de jóvenes, de clase trabajadora y embarcados en proyectos familiares. La combinación de ambos movimientos (que tratados individualmente podrían considerarse avances en la convivencia social) ocasiona un incremento de la segregación urbana, pero ahora a escala metropolitana.Large cities and metropolitan areas are being transformed by different migratory and economic processes and also, in a relevant way, by residential mobility. This study focuses on the latter, analyzing profiles of the participants in centralization and suburbanization movements in Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia, Seville and Bilbao, based on data from the 2011 census. Using binomial logistic regression models, we have measured a greater tendency to seek out urban centers of middle classes, educated population and people living in non-traditional households. At the same time, there is a growing suburbanization of young, working-class people involved in family projects. The combination of both movements (which could be individually seen as examples of social mix) is causing an increase in urban segregation, now on a metropolitan scale.(PID2020-119569GA-I00) Plan Nacional de I+D(PY20_00571) del Plan Andaluz de Investigació