328 research outputs found
Efficient measurements, purification, and bounds on the mutual information
When a measurement is made on a quantum system in which classical information
is encoded, the measurement reduces the observers average Shannon entropy for
the encoding ensemble. This reduction, being the {\em mutual information}, is
always non-negative. For efficient measurements the state is also purified;
that is, on average, the observers von Neumann entropy for the state of the
system is also reduced by a non-negative amount. Here we point out that by
re-writing a bound derived by Hall [Phys. Rev. A {\bf 55}, 100 (1997)], which
is dual to the Holevo bound, one finds that for efficient measurements, the
mutual information is bounded by the reduction in the von Neumann entropy. We
also show that this result, which provides a physical interpretation for Hall's
bound, may be derived directly from the Schumacher-Westmoreland-Wootters
theorem [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 76}, 3452 (1996)]. We discuss these bounds, and
their relationship to another bound, valid for efficient measurements on pure
state ensembles, which involves the subentropy.Comment: 4 pages, Revtex4. v3: rewritten and reinterpreted somewha
One-and-a-half quantum de Finetti theorems
We prove a new kind of quantum de Finetti theorem for representations of the
unitary group U(d). Consider a pure state that lies in the irreducible
representation U_{mu+nu} for Young diagrams mu and nu. U_{mu+nu} is contained
in the tensor product of U_mu and U_nu; let xi be the state obtained by tracing
out U_nu. We show that xi is close to a convex combination of states Uv, where
U is in U(d) and v is the highest weight vector in U_mu. When U_{mu+nu} is the
symmetric representation, this yields the conventional quantum de Finetti
theorem for symmetric states, and our method of proof gives near-optimal bounds
for the approximation of xi by a convex combination of product states. For the
class of symmetric Werner states, we give a second de Finetti-style theorem
(our 'half' theorem); the de Finetti-approximation in this case takes a
particularly simple form, involving only product states with a fixed spectrum.
Our proof uses purely group theoretic methods, and makes a link with the
shifted Schur functions. It also provides some useful examples, and gives some
insight into the structure of the set of convex combinations of product states.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures, v4: minor additions (including figures),
published versio
Quantum logic between atoms inside a high Q optical cavity
We propose a protocol for conditional quantum logic between two 4-state atoms
inside a high Q optical cavity. The process detailed in this paper utilizes a
direct 4-photon 2-atom resonant process and has the added advantage of commonly
addressing the two atoms when they are inside the high Q optical cavity.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figs. submitte
Guaranteed Financial Incentives for COVID-19 Vaccination: A Pilot Program in North Carolina
Uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine remains too low in the US as COVID-19 variant cases and hospitalizations continue to rise. Nudges that remove barriers and facilitate action can increase vaccine uptake. Many states, North Carolina included, have announced incentive programs to motivate COVID-19 vaccination, including lotteries for $1 million. However, these large but uncertain financial prizes benefit only a few lucky winners and do not broadly address access barriers to vaccination. In contrast, guaranteed small financial incentives can offset costs related to lost wages, transportation, and childcare
Phenotype and differentiation potential of a novel rat tracheal epithelial cell line.
In this report we described the establishment and characterization of a continuous rat tracheal epithelial (RTE) cell line spontaneously derived from secondary RTE cell cultures. Designated SPOC1, this cell line is nontumorigenic and maintains a diploid karyotype with specific, nonrandom chromosomal alterations involving chromosomes 1, 3, and 6. SPOC1 cells demonstrate decreased requirements for peptide growth factors, compared with primary RTE cells. Upon inoculation into denuded rat tracheas, which are then implanted into syngeneic hosts, SPOC1 cells initially form a stratified squamous epithelium, which becomes less stratified with time and forms glandlike invaginations into the surrounding lamina propria. No evidence of ciliated cell differentiation is detected. The epithelium formed by SPOC1 cells in tracheal grafts reacts with antibodies specific for keratin 14, 13, and 19 (but not keratin 18) at both early and late time points, although the localization of antibody staining changes as the epithelium becomes less stratified with time. The suprabasal epithelial cells become positive for alcian blue-periodic acid-Schiff staining at later time points. The near-normal karyotype and differentiation potential of SPOC1 cells make this cell line a unique window into early changes occurring during immortalization of airway epithelial cells and will allow studies of relationships between differentiation state and neoplastic transformation
Production of entanglement in Raman three-level systems using feedback
We examine the theoretical limits of the generation of entanglement in a
damped coupled ion-cavity system using jump-based feedback. Using Raman
transitions to produce entanglement between ground states reduces the necessary
feedback bandwidth, but does not improve the overall effect of the spontaneous
emission on the final entanglement. We find that the fidelity of the resulting
entanglement will be limited by the asymmetries produced by vibrations in the
trap, but that the concurrence remains above 0.88 for realistic ion trap sizes.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figure
Entanglement Sharing in the Two-Atom Tavis-Cummings Model
Individual members of an ensemble of identical systems coupled to a common
probe can become entangled with one another, even when they do not interact
directly. We investigate how this type of multipartite entanglement is
generated in the context of a system consisting of two two-level atoms
resonantly coupled to a single mode of the electromagnetic field. The dynamical
evolution is studied in terms of the entanglements in the different bipartite
partitions of the system, as quantified by the I-tangle. We also propose a
generalization of the so-called residual tangle that quantifies the inherent
three-body correlations in our tripartite system. This enables us to completely
characterize the phenomenon of entanglement sharing in the case of the two-atom
Tavis-Cummings model, a system of both theoretical and experimental interest.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures, submitted to PRA, v3 contains corrections to
small error
The health and educational costs of preterm birth to 18 years of age in Australia
Background: Preterm birth is the greatest cause of death up to five years of age and an im-portant contributor to lifelong disability. There is increasing evidence that a meaningful pro-portion of early births may be prevented, but widespread introduction of effective preventive strategies will require financial support.Aims: This study estimated the economic cost to the Australian government of preterm birth, up to 18 years of age.Materials and Methods: A decision-analytic model was developed to estimate the costs of preterm birth in Australia for a hypothetical cohort of 314 814 children, the number of live births in 2016. Costs to Australia’s eight jurisdictions included medical expenditures and ad-ditional costs to educational services.Results: The total cost of preterm birth to the Australian government associated with the an-nual cohort was estimated at $1.413 billion (95% CI 1047-1781). Two-thirds of the costs were borne by healthcare services during the newborn period and one-quarter of the costs by educational services providing special assistance. For each child, the costs were highest for those born at the earliest survivable gestational age, but the larger numbers of children born at later gestational ages contributed heavily to the overall economic burden.Conclusion: Preterm birth leaves many people with lifelong disabilities and generates a sig-nificant economic burden to society. The costs extend beyond those to the healthcare system and include additional educational needs. Assessments of economic costs should inform eco-nomic evaluations of interventions aimed at the prevention or treatment of preterm birth.John P. Newnham, Chris Schilling, Stavros Petrou, Jonathan M Morris, Euan M. Wallace, Kiarna Brown ... et al
Search for direct production of charginos and neutralinos in events with three leptons and missing transverse momentum in √s = 7 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector
A search for the direct production of charginos and neutralinos in final states with three electrons or muons and missing transverse momentum is presented. The analysis is based on 4.7 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded with the ATLAS detector. Observations are consistent with Standard Model expectations in three signal regions that are either depleted or enriched in Z-boson decays. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set in R-parity conserving phenomenological minimal supersymmetric models and in simplified models, significantly extending previous results
Jet size dependence of single jet suppression in lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s(NN)) = 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC
Measurements of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions at the LHC
provide direct sensitivity to the physics of jet quenching. In a sample of
lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s) = 2.76 TeV corresponding to an integrated
luminosity of approximately 7 inverse microbarns, ATLAS has measured jets with
a calorimeter over the pseudorapidity interval |eta| < 2.1 and over the
transverse momentum range 38 < pT < 210 GeV. Jets were reconstructed using the
anti-kt algorithm with values for the distance parameter that determines the
nominal jet radius of R = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5. The centrality dependence of
the jet yield is characterized by the jet "central-to-peripheral ratio," Rcp.
Jet production is found to be suppressed by approximately a factor of two in
the 10% most central collisions relative to peripheral collisions. Rcp varies
smoothly with centrality as characterized by the number of participating
nucleons. The observed suppression is only weakly dependent on jet radius and
transverse momentum. These results provide the first direct measurement of
inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions and complement previous
measurements of dijet transverse energy imbalance at the LHC.Comment: 15 pages plus author list (30 pages total), 8 figures, 2 tables,
submitted to Physics Letters B. All figures including auxiliary figures are
available at
http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HION-2011-02
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