11 research outputs found
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and Tryptophan Dioxygenase (TDO) mRNA Expression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells is Actively and Differentially Modulated
Efficacy and safety of leflunomide in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis: A multinational, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial
The influence of practicum supervisors’ facilitation styles on student teachers’ reflective thinking during collective reflection
Four Thousand Years of Concepts Relating to Rabies in Animals and Humans, Its Prevention and Its Cure
Tetraspanins as regulators of the tumour microenvironment: implications for metastasis and therapeutic strategies
One of the hallmarks of cancer is the ability to activate invasion and metastasis (Hanahan et al., 2011). Cancer morbidity and mortality are largely related to the spread of the primary, localised tumour to adjacent and distant sites (Pantel et al., 2004). Appropriate management and treatment decisions of predicting metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis is thus crucial, which supports better understanding of the metastatic process. There are common events that occur during metastasis: dissociation from the primary tumour mass, reorganisation/remodelling of extracellular matrix, cell migration, recognition and transversal of endothelial cells and the vascular circulation and lodgement and proliferation within ectopic stroma (Wells, 2006). One of the key and initial events is the increased capability of cancer cells to move, escaping the regulation of normal physiological control. The cellular cytoskeleton plays an important role in cancer cell motility and active cytoskeletal rearrangement can result in metastatic disease. This active change in cytoskeletal dynamics results in manipulation of plasma membrane and cellular balance between cellular adhesion and motility which in turn determines cancer cell movement. Members of the tetraspanins play important roles in regulation of cancer migration and cancer-endothelial cell interactions, which are critical for cancer invasion and metastasis. Their involvements in active cytoskeletal dynamics, cancer metastasis and potential clinical application will be discussed in this review. In particular, tetraspanin member, CD151, is highlighted for its major role in cancer invasion and metastasi