Michael Gold on Walt Whitman

Explores Whitman\u27s influence on author, editor, and avowed Communist Michael Gold, examining Gold\u27s Jews Without Money (1930), his columns for the Daily Worker, and his editing for the New Masses to demonstrate how he "used Whitman repeatedly to demonstrate that Communism with a capital C was the culmination of American culture.

Questions Relating to the Continental Shelf Beyond 200 Nautical Miles: Delimitation, Delineation, and Revenue Sharing

Article 76 UNCLOS provides a new definition of the legal continental shelf, which grants coastal States sovereign rights and jurisdiction extending to the outer edge of the continental margin. The broad-shelf States had to make two compromises to have that provision accepted, that is revenue-sharing for the benefit of the international community with respect to the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles, enshrined in Article 82 UNCLOS, and the delineation of the outer limits of the continental shelf beyond that distance “on the basis of” recommendations by the CLCS, in order that these limits may become “final and binding.” In the landmark Bangladesh v. Myanmar case, ITLOS emphasized that there is a clear distinction between the delimitation of the continental shelf between States with opposite or adjacent coasts under Article 83 UNCLOS and the delineation of its outer limits under Article 76. It decided to proceed with the delimitation of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles prior to recommendations having been made by the CLCS. Faced with an unforeseen heavy workload, the CLCS has so far only been able to adopt a limited number of recommendations on the outer limits of the continental shelf. The precise limits between national jurisdiction and the international seabed Area will, thus, remain largely undefined for a very long time. The implementation of Article 82 providing for revenue sharing in form of payments or contributions in kind to be made through the ISA will still require a substantial amount of work

Combating Terrorism At Sea -- The Suppression Of Unlawful Acts Against The Safety Of Maritime Navigation

While piracy is an age-old phenomenon plaguing mankind, terrorism at sea has only manifested itself in recent times through the Achille Lauro hijacking in 1985 serving as a wake-up call. The international community has since been striving to adopt a series of legal as well as practical measures in order to prevent a recurrence of such a terrorist act because the rules of international law relating to piracy are not applicable mutatis mutandis to terrorism. The Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Maritime Navigation was adopted in 1988. This Convention addressed terrorism at sea for the first time and represented an important extension of a cooperative law enforcement regime into a wholly new area containing a finely balanced aut dedere aut iudicare scheme

Dorothy\u27s Timeless Quest

Analyzes Dorothy’s initial adventure to Oz and back in terms of Campbell’s monomyth. The boon that she receives in Oz, and brings back to Kansas, is a more developed self with the ability—learned in Oz—to love selflessly

Neutral Evolution of Mutational Robustness

We introduce and analyze a general model of a population evolving over a network of selectively neutral genotypes. We show that the population's limit distribution on the neutral network is solely determined by the network topology and given by the principal eigenvector of the network's adjacency matrix. Moreover, the average number of neutral mutant neighbors per individual is given by the matrix spectral radius. This quantifies the extent to which populations evolve mutational robustness: the insensitivity of the phenotype to mutations. Since the average neutrality is independent of evolutionary parameters---such as, mutation rate, population size, and selective advantage---one can infer global statistics of neutral network topology using simple population data available from {\it in vitro} or {\it in vivo} evolution. Populations evolving on neutral networks of RNA secondary structures show excellent agreement with our theoretical predictions.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure