Spatial and Temporal Variations in Epikarst Storage and Flow in South Central Kentucky’s Pennyroyal Plateau Sinkhole Plain

The well-developed karst aquifers of south central Kentucky’s Pennyroyal Plateau are impacted by contamination from animal waste and other agricultural inputs. Understanding fate and transport of these and other contaminants first requires knowledge of flow and storage behaviors within the impacted aquifers, complicated by significant heterogeneity, anisotropy, and rapid temporal variations. Here we report on spatial and temporal variations in vadose zone flow and water chemistry (or quality) within Cave Spring Caverns, Kentucky beneath agricultural lands on a well-developed sinkhole plain. Weekly sampling of three underground waterfalls show statistically significant differences in water quality, though the sites are laterally within 160 m and are all located about 25 m underground, in a groundwater basin of about 315 km2. These reflect a combination of differences in epikarst flow and land use above the cave. High-resolution (minutes) monitoring of precipitation recharge along with flow and specific conductance in one of the waterfalls reveals a significant storage and mixing reservoir within the soil/epikarst zone. Varying precipitation rates and antecedent moisture conditions result in a range of storm responses observed at the waterfall, depending in part on whether this reservoir is filled or depleted. Slow and rapid flow paths through this storage zone were observed, the latter triggered by high recharge rates. These observations are generally consistent with the interpretations of Perrin and others (2003) from a Swiss limestone aquifer in a somewhat different hydrogeologic setting, strengthening the idea that epikarst and, more generally, vadose zone storage play a key role influencing flow and transport within karst aquifer systems

Exile Vol. XXI No. 1

FICTION Lonely Wire Hangers by Larry Weber 7-11 untitled by Peggy Gifford 15-16 Anything by Joe Bolster 20-21 Easter Story by Ellen Claffy 25-27 Melanie by Dawn Patnode 31-34 PHOTOGRAPHY by Nanny Trippe 4, 22, 24, 28 by Geoffery Yeomans 6, 11, 17, 28, 30, 35, 36, 40 POETRY untitled by Martin Cloran 5 Mirror, Mirror by Tigger Montague 12 Twenty-Two Year Decay by Tigger Montague 13 Rice Puddin\u27 by Mary Mueller 14 untitled by Sharon Singleton 18 untitled by Sharon Singleton 19 untitled by Kim McMullen 23 Audience by Dawn Patnode 29 Extinction by Vic Coccimiglio 37 The Only Way I Know Her by Vic Coccimiglio 38 Touch by Vic Coccimiglio 38 Family by Vic Coccimiglio 3

Exile Vol. XIX No. 2

POETRY speckled day by Richard Carothers 3 Looking-Glass by Doug Cox 3 February fog scooves in by H. 8 Surface Tension by Glenn Bard 9 Closing by Doug Cox 10 southwest bazaar by Val Evans 16 Haiku sequence By Suzanne B. Dean 17 summertime by Richard Carothers 18 The Desirability of Being a Line by Laurie Wharton 18 The Blatant Morning by Phil Mercurio 23 sweet nothings by Linda Anderson 23 Alone In Bed by Val Evans 24 Walls and the Fallen Woman by H. 26-27 A Victim of Need by Suzanne B. Dean 28 PHOTOGRAPHY by Tamera Iverson 1, 18 by John Bildahl 9, 15 by Anne G. English 25 by Richard E. Bergen 27 by Bruce Andre 28 ARTWORK The Road to Calvary by Sheila Rollit 4 Norwegian Sadness by Tamera Iverson 11 by Ann Merrill 16 by Jude Hasel 17 by Pat Victory 22 by Wilson R. Baldridge 26 FICTION To My Grandmother by Robb Knuepfer 5-8 First Monday in July by Joe L. Bolster III 12-14 Glad About A Lot Today by John Fergus 19-22 A city stands by Suzanne B. Dean 24-2

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