Ein Archiv der Opfer? Das Ringelblum-Archiv

Im Oktober 2011 war die Vertretung des Landes Schleswig-Holstein beim Bund Gastgeberin der Tagung „Macht und Ohnmacht der Archive“. Kultur- und Archivwissenschaftlerinnen und -wissenschaftler, Archivarinnen und Archivare debattierten über Auftrag und Nutzen, Verantwortung und Leistung der Archive in einer weithin digitalisierten Wissensgesellschaft. Die Archivwissenschaft in Deutschland ist auf die Herausforderung, die durch das von Kulturwissenschaftlerinnen und -wissenschaftlern in der Atmosphäre der Postmoderne geformte Verständnis des Archivs entstanden ist, bislang nicht ausführlich eingegangen. Mit dem hier dokumentierten Symposium wird die überfällige Auseinandersetzung mit diesen Positionen nun begonnen. Die Diskussion wurde dabei betont praxisorientiert und pragmatisch geführt. Die Beiträge verbinden archivwissenschaftliche Überlegungen mit der Präsentation ausgewählter Einzelthemen aus archivarischer Praxis und Archivgeschichte.In October 2011, the Representation of the State of Schleswig-Holstein to the Federal Government hosted the conference “Power and Impotence of the Archives”. Cultural and archival scholars, archivists and academics debated the mission and benefits, responsibility and performance of archives in a widely digitized knowledge society. Archival scholarship in Germany has so far not dealt in detail with the challenge posed by the understanding of the archive in the atmosphere of postmodernity by cultural scholars. With the symposium documented here, the long overdue examination of these positions will now begin. The discussion was conducted in a pragmatic and practice-oriented manner. The contributions combine archival research considerations with the presentation of selected individual topics from archival practice and archive history

Episodic records of jellyfish ingestion of plastic items reveal a novel pathway for trophic transference of marine litter

Invertebrates represent the most plentiful component of marine biodiversity. To date, only few species have been documented for marine litter intake. Here, we report for the first time the presence of macroplastic debris in a jellyfish species. Such novel target to plastic pollution highlights an under studied vector of marine litter along marine trophic web, raising further concern over the impact on marine wildlife

Genome-wide analysis identifies 12 loci influencing human reproductive behavior.

The genetic architecture of human reproductive behavior-age at first birth (AFB) and number of children ever born (NEB)-has a strong relationship with fitness, human development, infertility and risk of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, very few genetic loci have been identified, and the underlying mechanisms of AFB and NEB are poorly understood. We report a large genome-wide association study of both sexes including 251,151 individuals for AFB and 343,072 individuals for NEB. We identified 12 independent loci that are significantly associated with AFB and/or NEB in a SNP-based genome-wide association study and 4 additional loci associated in a gene-based effort. These loci harbor genes that are likely to have a role, either directly or by affecting non-local gene expression, in human reproduction and infertility, thereby increasing understanding of these complex traits

New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution.

Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms

AI is a viable alternative to high throughput screening: a 318-target study

: High throughput screening (HTS) is routinely used to identify bioactive small molecules. This requires physical compounds, which limits coverage of accessible chemical space. Computational approaches combined with vast on-demand chemical libraries can access far greater chemical space, provided that the predictive accuracy is sufficient to identify useful molecules. Through the largest and most diverse virtual HTS campaign reported to date, comprising 318 individual projects, we demonstrate that our AtomNet® convolutional neural network successfully finds novel hits across every major therapeutic area and protein class. We address historical limitations of computational screening by demonstrating success for target proteins without known binders, high-quality X-ray crystal structures, or manual cherry-picking of compounds. We show that the molecules selected by the AtomNet® model are novel drug-like scaffolds rather than minor modifications to known bioactive compounds. Our empirical results suggest that computational methods can substantially replace HTS as the first step of small-molecule drug discovery

The Jewish historical Institute in Warsaw and its Treasures

The article presents the history and activities of the Jewish Historical lnstitute in Warsaw. There is a short description of its departments and sections and also of sorne collections, including examples of the most outstanding items. The holdings of the Jewish Historical Institute are the reminder of the thriving Jewish life and cul ture in prewar Poland, the site of the largest Jewísh community in Europe before WWIL They are ofthe utmost importance for the study of life and death ofEuropean Jews.El artículo presenta la historia y las actividades del "Jewísh Historical Institute" de Varsovia. Comprende una corta descripción de sus departamentos y secciones, como también de algunas colecciones. Incluye ejemplos de los temas más sobresalientes. Las piezas que posee el "Jewish Historical Institute" son memoria de la vida y cultura judía, próspera en la Polonia de preguerra que fue sede de la mayor comunidad judía europea antes de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Son de la máxima importancia para el estudio de la vida y la muerte de los judíos europeos

The Jewish historical Institute in Warsaw and its Treasures

The article presents the history and activities of the Jewish Historical lnstitute in Warsaw. There is a short description of its departments and sections and also of sorne collections, including examples of the most outstanding items. The holdings of the Jewish Historical Institute are the reminder of the thriving Jewish life and cul ture in prewar Poland, the site of the largest Jewísh community in Europe before WWIL They are ofthe utmost importance for the study of life and death ofEuropean Jews.El artículo presenta la historia y las actividades del "Jewísh Historical Institute" de Varsovia. Comprende una corta descripción de sus departamentos y secciones, como también de algunas colecciones. Incluye ejemplos de los temas más sobresalientes. Las piezas que posee el "Jewish Historical Institute" son memoria de la vida y cultura judía, próspera en la Polonia de preguerra que fue sede de la mayor comunidad judía europea antes de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Son de la máxima importancia para el estudio de la vida y la muerte de los judíos europeos

Costo efectividad de Abatacept en comparación con otras terapias biológicas para el tratamiento de la artritis reumatoide moderada a severamente activa en pacientes que han fallado al tratamiento con metotrexato en EsSalud para el año 2010

Objective: To estimate the cost-effectiveness of Abatacept in combination with Methotrexate (MTX) versus other biologic DMARDs in combination with MTX in patients with moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis. Materials and methods: A sequential therapy model was adapted for representing disability using the HAQ Index in a 5-year horizon period for a 1000-patient cohort. Abatacept in combination with MTX was compared against etanercept, rituximab, infliximab, adalimumab, and tocilizumab, all of them combined with MTX. Results: The cost of abatacept therapy was S/. 169 263 and its effectiveness was found to be 1.96 QALY. Compared to etanercept, adalimumab, infliximab and tocilizumab, abatacept has shown to be the most effective agent in terms of QALYs and the least expensive. Compared to rituximab, abatacept has an incremental cost effectiveness ratio of S/. 75 493 per QALY gained. Conclusions: According to this model, abatacept was found to be superior compared to etanercept, adalimumab, infliximab, and tocilizumab, from the Peruvian Social Security (EsSalud) perspective for the treatment of moderately to severely active Rheumatoid Arthritis in patients who failed using a MTX-based therapy.Objetivo: Estimar la costo efectividad de Abatacept combinado con Metotrexato (MTX) en comparación a otras DARMEs biológicas, en combinación con MTX, en pacientes con AR moderada a severamente activa. Materiales y métodos: Se adaptó un modelo de secuencias de tratamiento para la representación de la invalidez en términos del índice HAQ en un horizonte de 5 años de enfermedad para una cohorte de 1 000 pacientes. Abatacept en combinación con MTX se comparó contra etanercept, rituximab, infliximab, adalimumab y tocilizumab, todas asociadas a MTX. Resultados: El costo de tratamiento con Abatacept es de S/. 169 263 y su efectividad es de 1.96 AVAC. Respecto a etanercept, adalimumab, infliximab y tocilizumab, abatacept se ha mostrado más efectivo en términos de AVACs y menos costoso. Respecto a rituximab, abatacept presenta un índice de costo efectividad incremental de S/ 75 493 por AVAC ganado. Conclusiones: Abatacept es dominante frente a Etanercept, Adalimumab, Infliximab y Tocilizumab, desde la perspectiva del Seguro Social de Salud (EsSalud) para el tratamiento de pacientes con AR moderada a severamente activa que han fallado a MTX