Body Mass Index Percentiles In Adolescents Of The City Of São Paulo, Brazil, And Their Comparison With International Parameters [ppercentis Do índice De Massa Corporal De Adolescentes Na Cidade De São Paulo, Brasil, E Sua Comparação Com Parâmetros Internacionais]

Objective: To describe the percentile distribution of body mass index (BMI) in school adolescents, by gender and age, comparing them with international parameters. Subjects and methods: The study included 8,020 adolescents aged 10-15 years from 43 schools in the city of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. BMI values of the study sample were distributed in percentiles and compared to international parameters (CDC, Must and cols. and Cole and cols.). Results: Both male and female adolescents aged 10 to 14 years showed BMI cut-offs over the international parameters, especially in the P50-P85 percentile range. At the age of 15, the observed values were very similar to reference data; however, BMI values in the 95th percentile were much higher than international parameters. 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From weak-scale observables to leptogenesis

Thermal leptogenesis is an attractive mechanism for generating the baryon asymmetry of the Universe. However, in supersymmetric models, the parameter space is severely restricted by the gravitino bound on the reheat temperature $T_{RH}$. For hierarchical light neutrino masses, it is shown that thermal leptogenesis {\it can} work when $T_{RH} \sim 10^{9}$ GeV. The low-energy observable consequences of this scenario are $BR(\tau \to \ell \gamma) \sim 10^{-8} - 10^{-9}$. For higher $T_{RH}$, thermal leptogenesis works in a larger area of parameter space, whose observable consequences are more ambiguous. A parametrisation of the seesaw in terms of weak-scale inputs is used, so the results are independent of the texture chosen for the GUT-scale Yukawa matrices.Comment: a few references adde

As bases farmacológicas dos cuidados farmacêuticos: o caso dos AINEs

Polypharmacy – a frequent situation found among the elderly, related to their physiological changes and multiple morbidities – increases the risk of adverse reactions, interactions, drugs misuse and drug-related problems. Knowing that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used among the elderly, the aims of the present study were to assess the potential interactions that may occur between prescribed NSAIDs and other drugs and to create a list of recommendations for monitoring elderly patients taking NSAIDs, in order to prevent or minimize those negative outcomes. With this purpose, a retrospective study was performed at Centro de Saúde de Eiras (Coimbra, Portugal). The study involved the systematic analyses of the medication regimens of a sample of elderly patients selected from the elderly population of this primary health care unit. Eligible subjects were patients aging 65 or more years and at least with one NSAID included in their therapeutic schemes in the last three months. A total of 37 prescribed NSAIDs were found in the 29 patients of the sample. 125 potential NSAID-drug interactions were found: 2 minor and 123 moderate. Most interactions occurred between NSAIDs and anti- hypertensive drugs, such as diuretics (17.6%), angiotensin receptor blockers (14.4%), calcium channel block- ers (12.0%) and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (8.8%). The prevalence of interactions between NSAIDs was 12.8%. These interactions can cause adverse effects with particular manifestations in the elderly, such as renal impairment and increased blood pressure. The pharmacist can develop a relevant role in services such as medication review, to identify these potential interactions, or pharmacotherapy follow-up, in the management of these situations when properly identified. Stresses the importance of positive interaction with General and Family Practice for the safe and efficiency of therapies. A polimedicação aumenta o risco de reações adversas, interações e uso incorreto dos medicamentos. Nos idosos é bastante prevalente, potenciando ainda mais os problemas relacionados com os medicamentos, uma vez que estes também resultam das alterações fisiológicas e multimorbilidades do envelhecimento. Sabendo que os anti-inflamatórios não esteroides (AINEs) são fármacos muito usados pelos idosos, foram objetivos deste trabalho caracterizar potenciais interações entre AINEs prescritos e a restante medicação em idosos e criar uma lista de recomendações relacionadas com a monitorização destes doentes, de modo a evitar ou detetar precocemente tais interações. Análise retrospetiva dos dados referentes à medicação prescrita de uma amostra de idosos de uma Unidade de Cuidados de Saúde Primários (Centro de Saúde de Eiras, Coimbra, Portugal) presentes numa consulta médica entre 2 e 16 de janeiro de 2012. Foram revistos os regimes farmacoterapêuticos de 29 doentes a tomar pelo menos 1 AINE, cerca de 3 meses antes da recolha de dados, num total de 37 AINEs prescritos. Foram encontradas 123 interações moderadas e 2 minor. As principais interações ocorreram entre AINEs e diuréticos (17,6%), antagonistas dos recetores da angiotensina (14,4%), bloqueadores da entrada do cálcio (12,0%) e inibidores da enzima de conversão da angiotensina (8,8%). A prevalência de interações entre AINEs foi de 12,8%. Elaborou-se uma lista de recomendações para monitorização dos doentes quando não se podem evitar as ditas interações. Estas interações devem ser tidas em conta no momento da prescrição e cedência de AINEs, pois podem desencadear efeitos negativos tais como alterações renais e aumento da pressão arterial. O farmacêutico pode desenvolver um papel relevante em serviços como a revisão da medicação, para identificar estas interações potenciais, ou no acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico, na gestão destas situações quando devidamente identificadas. Salienta-se a importância da interação positiva com a Medicina Geral e Familiar para a segurança e a eficiência das terapêuticas.

GWAS in Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer in women, and the second cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. It is expected that more than 240,000 new cases and 40,450 deaths related to the disease will occur in 2016. It is well known that inherited genetic variants are drivers for breast cancer development. There are many mechanisms through which germline genetic variation affects prognosis, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, which account for approximately 20% of the increased hereditary risks. Therefore, it is evident that the genetic pathways that underlie cancer development are complex in which networks of multiple alleles confer disease susceptibility and risks. Global analyses through genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed several loci across the genome are associated with the breast cancer. This chapter compiles all breast GWAS released since 2007, year of the first article published in this area, and discuss the future directions of this field. Currently, hundreds of genetic markers are linked to breast cancer, and understanding the underlying mechanisms of these variants might lead to the discover of biomarkers and targets for therapy in patients

CP Phases in Correlated Production and Decay of Neutralinos in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model

We investigate the associated production of neutralinos $e^+e^-\to\tilde{\chi}^0_1\tilde{\chi}^0_2$ accompanied by the neutralino leptonic decay $\tilde{\chi}^0_2\to\tilde{\chi}^0_1 \ell^+\ell^-$, taking into account initial beam polarization and production-decay spin correlations in the minimal supersymmetric standard model with general CP phases but without generational mixing in the slepton sector. The stringent constraints from the electron EDM on the CP phases are also included in the discussion. Initial beam polarizations lead to three CP--even distributions and one CP--odd distribution, which can be studied independently of the details of the neutralino decays. We find that the production cross section and the branching fractions of the leptonic neutralino decays are very sensitive to the CP phases. In addition, the production--decay spin correlations lead to several CP--even observables such as lepton invariant mass distribution, and lepton angular distribution, and one interesting T--odd (CP--odd) triple product of the initial electron momentum and two final lepton momenta, the size of which might be large enough to be measured at the high--luminosity future electron--positron collider or can play a complementary role in constraining the CP phases with the EDM constraints.Comment: Revtex, 37 pages, 12 eps figure

Measurement of the polarisation of W bosons produced with large transverse momentum in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS experiment

This paper describes an analysis of the angular distribution of W->enu and W->munu decays, using data from pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2010, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 35 pb^-1. Using the decay lepton transverse momentum and the missing transverse energy, the W decay angular distribution projected onto the transverse plane is obtained and analysed in terms of helicity fractions f0, fL and fR over two ranges of W transverse momentum (ptw): 35 < ptw < 50 GeV and ptw > 50 GeV. Good agreement is found with theoretical predictions. For ptw > 50 GeV, the values of f0 and fL-fR, averaged over charge and lepton flavour, are measured to be : f0 = 0.127 +/- 0.030 +/- 0.108 and fL-fR = 0.252 +/- 0.017 +/- 0.030, where the first uncertainties are statistical, and the second include all systematic effects.Comment: 19 pages plus author list (34 pages total), 9 figures, 11 tables, revised author list, matches European Journal of Physics C versio

Observation of a new chi_b state in radiative transitions to Upsilon(1S) and Upsilon(2S) at ATLAS

The chi_b(nP) quarkonium states are produced in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV and recorded by the ATLAS detector. Using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.4 fb^-1, these states are reconstructed through their radiative decays to Upsilon(1S,2S) with Upsilon->mu+mu-. In addition to the mass peaks corresponding to the decay modes chi_b(1P,2P)->Upsilon(1S)gamma, a new structure centered at a mass of 10.530+/-0.005 (stat.)+/-0.009 (syst.) GeV is also observed, in both the Upsilon(1S)gamma and Upsilon(2S)gamma decay modes. This is interpreted as the chi_b(3P) system.Comment: 5 pages plus author list (18 pages total), 2 figures, 1 table, corrected author list, matches final version in Physical Review Letter

Search for displaced vertices arising from decays of new heavy particles in 7 TeV pp collisions at ATLAS

We present the results of a search for new, heavy particles that decay at a significant distance from their production point into a final state containing charged hadrons in association with a high-momentum muon. The search is conducted in a pp-collision data sample with a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and an integrated luminosity of 33 pb^-1 collected in 2010 by the ATLAS detector operating at the Large Hadron Collider. Production of such particles is expected in various scenarios of physics beyond the standard model. We observe no signal and place limits on the production cross-section of supersymmetric particles in an R-parity-violating scenario as a function of the neutralino lifetime. Limits are presented for different squark and neutralino masses, enabling extension of the limits to a variety of other models.Comment: 8 pages plus author list (20 pages total), 8 figures, 1 table, final version to appear in Physics Letters