El cuento de nunca acabar

Texto sobre el libro “El rito electoral en Jalisco (1940-1992)” de Jorge Alonso. Se incluye obra visual de Lucía Maya, reproducida en blanco y negro.ITESO, A.C

Cultura política y elecciones

Compilación de cuatro ensayos que iluminan sobre los cambios en la cultura política en Jalisco, Aguascalientes, Guanajuato y Chihuahua, según lo muestran las transformaciones políticas, económicas y sociales del país.ITESO, A.C

México y Jalisco en la coyuntura: segundo semestre de 1997

Análisis de coyuntura sobre los principales sucesos del segundo semestre de 1997 en Jalisco, a nivel político, económico y social: la transición política y las elecciones locales de noviembre de ese año, el impacto en México de la crisis de las economías asiáticas, el tema de la inseguridad pública y la cuestión de Chiapas.ITESO, A.C

Escenarios de la alternancia

Conjunto de reflexiones en torno a los desafíos y perspectivas políticas y sociales que se le presentan a México en el marco de la alternancia política con la llegada de Vicente Fox, del Partido Acción Nacional (PAN) a la Presidencia de la República.ITESO, A.C

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

Violencia y destrucción en una periferia urbana. El caso de Ciudad Juárez, México

El texto pone a prueba la hipótesis de que en las periferias urbanas (enclaves territoriales y sociales degradados, con una marcada desatención pública) existe innovación y creatividad que transforma a las comunidades. Se hace un acercamiento a Ciudad Juárez, en el norte de México. Se desarrolla el argumento de que la construcción de esa ciudad, su modelo económico y sus relaciones sociales, junto con una ausencia del Estado, han generado condiciones y dispositivos para que haya una destrucción social muy lejana de la innovación y la creatividad. La violencia en Ciudad Juárez ha provocado un aplastamiento de la sociedad; sin embargo, hay expresiones valiosas de comunidades organizadas que luchan cotidianamente por rescatar a la ciudad

La construcción de un gobierno estatal de oposición: ¿rompimiento temporal del régimen de partido de estado?

PLANTEAMIENTO Este trabajo forma parte de un proyecto de investigación que tiene como objetivo realizar un balance parcial del gobierno estatal de oposición de Chihuahua, cuya elección fue ganada por el candidato panista Francisco Barrio Terrazas. El periodo se inició en octubre de 1992 y este balance cubrirá la mitad del sexenio, 1992-1995. La idea consiste en determinar las posibilidades, limitaciones y obstáculos que tiene un gobierno estatal, surgido de un partido de oposición, para trans..

Paradojas electorales de 2012

El objetivo de este trabajo es hacer un análisis de las razones que han vuelto a abrir el ciclo elecciones-conflicto- posible nueva reforma. Se examinan algunas de las paradojas en las que se desarrolló el proceso electoral de 2012 en México. Nos preguntamos por las diferencias y semejanzas importantes entre 2006 y 2012. Se trata de entender las divergencias entre autoridad y ciudadanía, expresión de que los comicios de 2012 estuvieron poblados de contradicciones, avances e inercias, lo cual habla de una democracia que está todavía lejos de una consolidación