A Simple Method for Enema Administration in One-Day-Old Broiler Chicks

The present study aimed to describe a simple technique for enema administration in one-day-old broiler chicks. For this purpose we used 455 unsexed health birds divided into four groups submitted to three different experimental protocols: in the first one, we measured the total length of the large intestine in order to establish a secure distance for probe introduction; in the second, we evaluated maximum compliance of large intestine and diffusion range; finally, based on results obtained we tested the hypothesis in 400 birds in order to standardize the method. Enema solutions applied in an intrarectal manner with a stainless steel gavage BD-10 probe into one-day-old broiler chicks at 0.2 mL at a distance of 1.5 cm proved to be a reliable method

Transient analysis of soil structure interaction through discrete element method

Orientador: Euclides de Mesquita NetoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia MecânicaResumo: Este trabalho descreve uma formulação e implantação do Método de Elementos Discretos (DEM) aplicados a uma análise de problemas transiente de dinâmica de solo-estrutura (DSSI). O método de elementos discretos é bidimensional e os elementos são compostos por discos circulares de diâmetros distintos. O solo, a estrutura e o contorno físico do domínio da análise são modelados por elementos discretos com propriedades distintas. No modelo implementado, os elementos discretos ou partículas apresentam rigidez normal e tangencial e propriedades de amortecimento. A resistência ao rolamento e o coeficiente de atrito entre os elementos também são consideradas nas análises. Cada partícula pode ter uma determinada propriedade de inércia. A interação de cada partícula com a vizinhança pode apresentar diferentes rigidezes, amortecimento, coeficiente de atrito e de rolamento. O modelo constitutivo do solo é caracterizado por um comportamento não linear. A estrutura modelada apresenta comportamentos lineares e não lineares. Em cada elemento atua a força gravitacional e pode haver uma força arbitrária externa, bem como deslocamentos e velocidades. Os resultados das equações de movimento são integrados usando o algoritmo de Verlet. Para pequenos deslocamentos, a resposta dinâmica transiente da fundação obtida pela análise dos elementos discretos DEM ¿ DSI é comparada com as respostas obtidas por um contínuo linearizado, que incluem domínio de solos não contínuos. A possibilidade de aumentar o amortecimento dos elementos descreve um contorno físico do domínio DEM, para simular a geometria ou mecanismo de radiação de amortecimento na qual o mesmo é adereçado. Mais adiante, a resposta da fundação solo-estrutura pode ser utilizada para grandes forças externas e grandes deslocamentosAbstract: This work describes a formulation and an implementation of the Discrete Element Method (DEM) applied to the static and transient analysis of Dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction (DSSI) problems. The DEM implementation is two-dimensional and the elements are comprised by circular disks with different diameters. The soil, the structure and the physical boundaries of the analyzed domain are all modeled by discrete elements with distinct properties. In the implemented model, the discrete elements or particles present normal and tangential stiffness and damping properties. Rolling resistance and friction between adjacent elements are also considered. Each particle may be given specific inertia properties. The interaction of each particle with a neighboring one may present a specific stiffness, damping, friction and rolling resistance coefficients. The constitutive model of the soil can be characterized by either a tension-compression or by a compression-non-tension behavior. The modeled structure presents a linear or non-linear tension-compression constitutive model. On each discrete element, arbitrary external and gravitational forces, as well as displacements and velocities may be prescribed. The resulting equations of motion are integrated using the Verlet scheme. For small displacements, the transient dynamic response of the foundation obtained by the DEM-DSSI scheme is compared to those obtained by a linearized continuum approach, which describes an unbounded soil domain. In this article the time domain implementation of the DEM is used to simulate the static behavior of flexible structure interacting with the underlying soilMestradoMecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto MecanicoMestre em Engenharia Mecânic

Práticas artísticas para divulgar neurociência: relato do evento “Conhecendo o cérebro”

O presente relato de experiência visa apresentar a proposta do evento “Conhecendo o Cérebro” que utilizou práticas artísticas na divulgação científica da Neurociência. Diversas formas de expressões artísticas, como desenho, pintura e escultura, foram incluídas nos estandes, dentre eles: neurobalão, confecção de óculos 3D, cantinho da leitura, neurônios de massinha, atividades de pintura em estandes de sono e drogas e desenhos na lousa digital. Os resultados apontam que as práticas artísticas utilizadas podem ser potentes ferramentas pedagógicas de divulgação da Neurociência. A valorização da criatividade e da inovação através de ações diferenciadas despertaram o interesse e curiosidade das pessoas não pertencentes à comunidade científica, promovendo uma participação ativa do visitante

Efeito de previsibilidade temporal de perturbações posturais e demanda de precisão de tarefa manual no desempenho em tarefa dual

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a integração entre os componentes manual e postural em uma tarefa motora dual em resposta a perturbações que afetam a ambos os componentes. Foram avaliados oito adultos jovens em uma tarefa requisitando resposta reativa a uma perturbação postural causada por liberação de carga, enquanto apontando um laser continuamente para um alvo circular. As comparações foram feitas em função da combinação de dois fatores: (a) previsibilidade do momento da perturbação postural, com dica temporal versus sem dica; e (b) demanda de precisão da tarefa manual, contrastando alvos com diâmetros de 2 cm (alta restrição) versus 20 cm (baixa restrição). Os resultados revelaram que a previsibilidade do tempo de perturbação reduziu a amplitude de oscilação dos movimentos manuais e diminuiu a correlação entre respostas manuais e posturais, enquanto que o a amplitude de excursão do centro de pressão foi reduzida na condição de previsibilidade temporal da perturbação associada à baixa restrição da tarefa manual. Este estudo revela a factibilidade do método aqui empregado para avaliar a integração entre controle postural e de tarefas manuais, na busca de melhor compreender a regulação de ações duais dessa natureza realizadas frequentemente em nosso cotidiano

Selection of potential probiotic lactobacilli from pig feces to be used as additives in pelleted feeding,”

Abstract Thirty-five isolates from pig feces were identified as Lactobacillus reuteri (12 strains), Lactobacillus mucosae (7), Lactobacillus plantarum (6), Lactobacillus kitasatonis (3), Lactobacillus rossiae (2), Lactobacillus ultunensis (2), Lactobacillus crispatus (2), and Lactobacillus intestinalis (1) by partial sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA. All isolates were detected at 8-9 log CFU g −1 . Preliminarily, strains were selected based on resistance to heat treatments (ca. 70 • C for 10 s). The decrease in viability for some L. reuteri, L. mucosae, L. plantarum, L. kitasatonis, and L. rossiae strains was lower than 1 log cycle. Selected strains were further characterized for acid and bile salt resistance, and antibacterial activity. Except for L. kitasatonis, tolerance to simulated gastric and intestinal conditions was enhanced for all strains by addition of reconstituted skimmed milk. Antibacterial activity was found against Gram-positive and -negative potential pathogens. L. reuteri 8.1, 3S7, 6.2, and 1.2, L. mucosae 1.1R, L. plantarum 4.1, and L. rossiae 4.4 were freeze-dried and mixed (1%, w/w) into pig feed before pelleting. After pelleting, pig feed contained 10-9 log CFU kg −1 of lactobacilli. L. plantarum 4.1, and L. reuteri 3S7 were selected based on their bile salt resistance, pH tolerance, antimicrobial activity and heat resistance. The findings in this study provide a strong basis for exploring the potential of porcine lactobacilli isolates to be used in pelleted feeding as probiotic additives

Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment of Canine Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Mast Cell Tumors

Mast cell tumors (MCTs) are hematopoietic neoplasms composed of mast cells. It is highly common in dogs and is extremely important in the veterinary oncology field. It represents the third most common tumor subtype, and is the most common malignant skin tumor in dogs, corresponding to 11% of skin cancer cases. The objective of this critical review was to present the report of the 2nd Consensus meeting on the Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment of Canine Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Mast Cell Tumors, which was organized by the Brazilian Association of Veterinary Oncology (ABROVET) in August 2021. The most recent information on cutaneous and subcutaneous mast cell tumors in dogs is presented and discussed

A Roadmap for HEP Software and Computing R&D for the 2020s

Particle physics has an ambitious and broad experimental programme for the coming decades. This programme requires large investments in detector hardware, either to build new facilities and experiments, or to upgrade existing ones. Similarly, it requires commensurate investment in the R&D of software to acquire, manage, process, and analyse the shear amounts of data to be recorded. In planning for the HL-LHC in particular, it is critical that all of the collaborating stakeholders agree on the software goals and priorities, and that the efforts complement each other. In this spirit, this white paper describes the R&D activities required to prepare for this software upgrade.Peer reviewe

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio