Estudio de prefactibilidad de los sistemas fotovoltaicos conectados a la red pública en la ciudad de Puno

La presente tesis realiza una investigación titulada “ESTUDIO DE PREFACTIBILIDAD DE LOS SISTEMAS FOTOVOLTAICOS CONECTADOS A LA RED PÚBLICA EN LA CIUDAD DE PUNO”, constituye un aporte para la EPIME de la UNA-PUNO, y para las áreas de estudio de ramas afines con la aplicación de teorías y principios en energías renovables. Es mediante la investigación teórica y práctica donde se tiene como objetivo optar la descripción de cada uno de los componentes y materiales con la utilización respectiva de cálculos paramétricos de radiación solar con ángulos de orientación e inclinación y los parámetros eléctricos de tensión, intensidad y potencia nominal del generador fotovoltaico con la búsqueda de algoritmos para cada una de sus variables de conversión lo cual nos permitirá monitorear el consumo de un generador fotovoltaico. Así mismo se hace énfasis en la necesidad de optar por una estrategia de 08 sistemas fotovoltaicos conectados a la red pública tanto monofásicos y trifásicos como un medio para alcanzar una evaluación y resultados de estudio sobre estructuras y/o soportes en tejados, azoteas, suelos y los factores de consumo eléctrico económicos del modelo como la previsión de cargas para viviendas y/o residencias propiamente mencionadas. Estos indicadores fueron empleados y comparados para mostrar la relación y diferencia entre distintas formas de desempeño de la instalación y evaluación, puesto que permiten observar la diferencia y el interés de instalar ya que hay formas en tomar decisiones entre una instalación normal monofásica y una trifásica conectadas a la red pública.Tesi

Učinak higijenskih praksi klanja na kontaminaciju trupova brojlera bakterijom roda Salmonella u Biskri, Alžir

Poultry meat is the primary meat consumed in Algeria, surpassing sheep and beef in the 1980s. However, this product is often at risk of being contaminated by Salmonella. Salmonellosis is a foodborne disease with tens of millions of human cases estimated to occur worldwide, and resulting in more than a hundred thousand deaths per year. According to the World Health Organization, salmonellosis in humans is generally contracted through the consumption of contaminated food of animal origin, including poultry. The main objective of this study was to investigate the risk factors associated with Salmonella contamination of broiler carcasses at the slaughterhouse. Sixty fresh chicken carcasses from six slaughterhouses were subjected to bacteriological analysis in accordance with AFNOR (French Standardization Association) standards. Statistical analyses showed an impact of the hygienic quality of the slaughter process on the likelihood of Salmonella contamination of poultry meat. A correlation (r=0.84) was found between hygienic slaughter practices and Salmonella contamination of chicken carcasses. The average level of TAMB (total aerobic mesophilic bacteria) was high in carcasses positive for Salmonella (t-test = 0.019). Not washing live bird transport crates was associated with an increasing risk of Salmonella contamination carcasses (odds ratio/OR = 28). The mean level of TAMB was higher in the presence of the following risk factors: old and small slaughterhouse, not washing live bird transport crates, manual bleeding, scalding type (soaking), non-renewal of scalding water, no disinfectant in water, no ventilation drying, no sanitary facilities. The identification of risk factors responsible for bacterial contamination of broiler meat is essential to determine the most effective methods of prevention.Meso peradi je meso koje se najviše konzumira u Alžiru, a nadmašilo je ovčetinu i govedinu 1980-ih. Međutim, ovaj proizvod često nosi rizik od kontaminacije salmonelom. Salmoneloza je bolest koja se širi putem hrane, a procjenjuje se da se godišnje jave desetci milijuna slučajeva zaraženih ljudi diljem svijeta, što rezultira s više od stotinu tisuća smrti godišnje. Prema Svjetskoj zdravstvenoj organizaciji, ljudi obično obole od salmoneloze konzumiranjem kontaminirane hrane životinjskog podrijetla, uključujući perad. Glavni cilj ove studije bio je istražiti faktore rizika povezane s kontaminacijom trupova brojlera salmonelom u klaonici. Šezdeset svježih trupova pilića iz šest klaonica podloženo je bakteriološkoj analizi u skladu s AFNOR (francuski Nacionalni institut za norme) standardima. Statističke analize pokazale su učinak kvalitete higijene u postupku klanja na vjerojatnost kontaminacije mesa peradi salmonelom. Ustvrđena je povezanost (r=0,84) između higijenskih praksi klanja i kontaminacije trupova pilića salmonelom. Prosječna razina TAMB (broja aerobnih mezofilnih bakterija) u trupova pozitivnih na salmonelu (t-test=0,019) bila je visoka. Propuštanje pranja sanduka za prijevoz živih ptica povezano je s povećanim rizikom od kontaminacije trupova salmonelom (omjer vjerojatnosti/OV=28). Srednja razina TAMB bila je viša u prisutnosti sljedećih faktora rizika: stare i male klaonice, propuštanje pranja sanduka za prijevoz živih ptica, ručno puštanje krvi, vrsta parenja (namakanje), ne mijenjanje vode za parenje, izostanak dezinfekcijskog sredstva u vodi, sušenje bez ventilacije, izostanak sanitarija. Identifikacija faktora rizika odgovornih za kontaminaciju mesa brojlera bakterijama bitna je za određivanje najučinkovitijih metoda prevencije

Ultrasound as pre-treatment for microwave drying of Myrtus communis fruits: Influence on phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity

Background: Drying constitutes the most common method of food preservation that may degrade nutrients compounds in fruits due to high temperatures and long drying times. Myrtus communis is one of the important aromatic and medicinal species, owing to these reasons, the development of new methods of drying is essential for the preservation and valorization of myrtle fruits. Aims: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of ultrasound as a pre-treatment (USP) at 10 min to 90 min in microwave-drying (MD) on the dehydration of myrtle Myrtus communis fruits, on phytochemical content, and on antioxidant activity. Methods: ultrasound drying as pretreatment in microwave drying, extraction yield efficiency and antioxidant activity were measured using radical scavenging assay (DPPH•) and reducing power in addition the PCA analysis was investigated to detect the relationships between variables. Results: The ultrasound pretreatment reduced notably the microwave drying time. A pretreatment of 90 min provided the most rapid drying kinetics (6 min and 5.5 min for 500 w and 700 w respectively) compared to the microwave drying alone (18 min and 11 min for 500 w and 700 w respectively). A higher phytochemical content; 219.90 ± 0.69 mg GAE/g for total phenol content (TPC) was obtained compared to those from MD and conventional drying (CD); 193.79 ± 0.99 mg GAE/g and 148.16 ± 0.95 mg GAE/g for TPC respectively. Indeed, the antioxidant activity tests revealed that ultrasound pretreatment is one of the most efficient methods to preserve the quality and the hydrogen and/or electron-donating ability of antioxidants for neutralizing DPPH radicals (98.63 %) test and reducing ferric ions to ferrous ones. Effectively, the results of PCA analysis show a higher positive correlation between antioxidant activity and flavonoids, anthocyanins, and tannins contents. Conclusions: Ultrasound pretreatment is expected to be a potential alternative to preserve fruit quality during microwave drying because it can reduce drying time at ambient temperatures while preserving natural heat-sensitive nutritive components, flavor, and color

First report of naturally infected Sergentomyia minuta with Leishmania major in Tunisia

International audienceBackground: Many sand fly species are implicated in the transmission cycle of Leishmania parasites around the world. Incriminating new sand flies species, as vectors of Leishmania is crucial to understanding the parasite-vector transmission cycle in different areas in Tunisia and surrounding countries. Findings: Seventy-four unfed females belonging to the genera Sergentomyia and Phlebotomus were collected in South Tunisia between June and November 2014, using sticky papers. PCR-RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) analysis of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) was used for Leishmania parasites detection and identification. Leishmania (L.) major (Yakimoff & Shokkor, 1914) was identified within two Sergentomyia (S.) minuta (Rondani, 1843) and one Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli, 1786). Conclusion: This is the first report of L. major identified from S. minuta in Tunisia. This novel finding enhances the understanding of the transmission cycle of L. major parasites of cutaneous leishmaniasis in an endemic area in South Tunisia

Exploring the syntax-phonology interface in Arabic

Despite an abundance of research on Arabic syntax and phonology as separate domains, there is as yet relatively little research at the syntax-phonology interface in Arabic. This paper begins by providing an overview of what we know so far, in an effort to identify reasons for the lack of work at the interface to date. The paper then presents a review of prior work on the syntax-phonology mapping in Egyptian Arabic (EA) - set in the context of developments in the wider syntax-phonology literature - in order to show that interface work requires expertise in both phonetics/phonology and syntax. Some early results are then presented from a pilot study which compares for the first time the basic syntax-phonology mapping patterns in two dialects of Arabic - EA, and Jordanian Arabic (JA) - and explores whether dialect-internal, inter-speaker variation, previously observed in EA, is also found in JA

Burnout among surgeons before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: an international survey

Background: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had many significant impacts within the surgical realm, and surgeons have been obligated to reconsider almost every aspect of daily clinical practice. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study reported in compliance with the CHERRIES guidelines and conducted through an online platform from June 14th to July 15th, 2020. The primary outcome was the burden of burnout during the pandemic indicated by the validated Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure. Results: Nine hundred fifty-four surgeons completed the survey. The median length of practice was 10 years; 78.2% included were male with a median age of 37 years old, 39.5% were consultants, 68.9% were general surgeons, and 55.7% were affiliated with an academic institution. Overall, there was a significant increase in the mean burnout score during the pandemic; longer years of practice and older age were significantly associated with less burnout. There were significant reductions in the median number of outpatient visits, operated cases, on-call hours, emergency visits, and research work, so, 48.2% of respondents felt that the training resources were insufficient. The majority (81.3%) of respondents reported that their hospitals were included in the management of COVID-19, 66.5% felt their roles had been minimized; 41% were asked to assist in non-surgical medical practices, and 37.6% of respondents were included in COVID-19 management. Conclusions: There was a significant burnout among trainees. Almost all aspects of clinical and research activities were affected with a significant reduction in the volume of research, outpatient clinic visits, surgical procedures, on-call hours, and emergency cases hindering the training. Trial registration: The study was registered on clicaltrials.gov "NCT04433286" on 16/06/2020

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Elective cancer surgery in COVID-19-free surgical pathways during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: An international, multicenter, comparative cohort study

PURPOSE As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19-Free Surgical Pathways During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19-free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19-free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS: Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19-free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19-free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score-matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION: Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19-free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks