In vitro effects of regulators on growth and morphogenesis of Ocimum basilicum L. ‘Alfavaca Green’ stem apexes

Large-scale cultivation of contamination free plants requires a good standardization protocol and production methods. Basil is widely used for cosmetics, food and pharmaceutical industries as it is rich in many bioactive compounds. This present study aimed to evaluate the growth and in vitro anatomical aspects of apical buds of basil grown under different concentrations rowth regulators like: NAA (Naphthalenoacetic Acid), BAP (6-benzylaminopurine), and KIN (Kinetin). The in vitro establishment was evaluated every 20 days to calculate the, the percentage of plants with calluses, appearance of the roots, any abnormal seedlings, any oxidized seedlings, and the number of sprouts per plant. Growth, physiological, and morpho-anatomical evaluations were performed at 80 days. Basal callogenesis was observed when cytokinin’s and auxins are used in combination. Auxin treatments caused hyperhydricity in the stems and leaves. Medium A2 (0.05 mg L -1 of NAA and 0.1 mg L -1 of BAP), and A3 (0.05 mg L -1 of NAA and 0.1 mg L -1 of KIN) resulted in the best development of basil plants, cultivar ‘Alfavaca Green’. The A2 produced plants with greater numbers of leaves, an average bud length of 59.81 mm, and the best root properties. A2 and A1 have a higher percentage of hyperhydricity (83 and 67%). The A3 resulted in an acceptable number of leaves (range: 21–39), and this treatment produced the best shoot properties as well as fewer plants with hyperhydricity. In addition, the A3 treatment produced plants with a shoot length, high shoot fresh and dry mass (2.82 and 0.23 g), high chlorophyll index and leaf anatomy that was similar to the control. Excluding the control, the other treatments presented more than 90% of the explants with calluses in their bases

Copper modulates the biochemical and enzymatic activity and growth of tomato cultivars grown in vitro

Received: August 25th, 2020 ; Accepted: December 17th, 2020 ; Published: February 09th, 2021 ; Correspondence: [email protected] (Cu) is a micronutrient that is neglected for tomato growth. This study sought to identify the effects of exposure to Cu on the growth and biochemical activity of two tomato cultivars. Tomato seeds of ‘Carolina’ and ‘Cereja’ cultivars were disinfected and inoculated in MS medium plus copper sulfate concentrations (CuSO4) (default MS, 25, 50, and 100 µm) and had their growth monitored for 30 days. It was estimated that the growth and biomass accumulation of tomato plants ‘Carolina’ and ‘Cereja’, both from the aerial part and the roots, were benefited by 25 e 50 µm of CuSO4. However, it was observed that these concentrations were inefficient in controlling hyperhydricity and leaf deformation. There was a reduction of these phenomena in the treatment with 100 µm, in both cultivars. Tomato of ‘Carolina’ cultivar subjected to 100 µm showed an increase in anthocyanins and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the root system. There was a reduction of catalase (CAT) activity in shoots exposed to Cu. ‘Cereja’ tomatoes subjected to 100 µm showed an increase in CAT and SOD activity in shoots and roots, respectively. It was concluded that the ‘Carolina’ and ‘Cereja’ tomatoes have their growth impaired when exposed to 100 µm CuSO4. Concentrations higher than 50 µm of CuSO4 cause an increase in the antioxidant activity in the shoot of tomato plants from the ‘Carolina’ cultivar. Concentrations higher than 50 µm CuSO4 increase SOD activity in the root system of tomato plants from the ‘Cereja’ cultivar

Primary Melanoma Of The Uterine Cervix Figo Stage Iii B.

The primary malignant melanoma of the uterine cervix is rare, usually diagnosed at an advanced stage and with poor prognosis. The diagnosis is made through histological evaluation and confirmed by special staining procedures. Radical surgery has been used and advocated. However in its advanced stages chemotherapy, immunotherapy or radiotherapy can be employed. A case of a patient with malignant melanoma of the uterine cervix, Stage IIIb, is presented in addition to a clinical and pathological discussion.11641778178

Acumulação diferencial de nutrientes por cinco cultivares de milho (Zea mays L.): III - diagnose foliar

The objective of the present work was to examine the differences in nutrients levels between the cultivars Agroceres 256, Agroceres 504, Centralmex, H-7974 and Piranão. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Piracicaba, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The soil type was a sandy "Regossol" of medium fertility. Common cultivation practices were followed, and the fertilizer used consisted of 83 g of a formula: 30-120-70, per meter length at planting, and 33 g of the formula 50-0-45 per meter length as a dressing. The plant population density was 50,000 per hectare. Sixty days after planting and at flowering the leaves (+4) and the ear leaf, respectively, were harvested for diagnostic purposes. It was observed that differences exist in the concentrations of P, K, Ca, Mg and Fe in the leaf (+4) dry matter of the cultivars at 60 days after planting, and in the concentrations of P, K, Cu and Fe during flowering. Such differences did not affect the production of grain. The extent of the differences between cultivars in the levels of nutrients in the leaves depends on the period of sampling. The harvestry of leaves at determined physiological periods tend to dimi-nuish these differences. Cultivars with similar yield potential may be regarded equally in relation to their leaf analysis, provided that one adopts an adequate range of nutrient levels.O trabalho foi desenvolvido com a finalidade de se aquilatar diferenças nos níveis críticos entre os cultivares Agroceres 256, Agroceres 504, Centralmex, H-7974 e Piranão. O ensaio foi conduzido no Município de Piracicaba, SP, tendo como suporte um Regossol arenoso de média fertilidade. Foram seguidas as práticas culturais comuns e a adubação constuiu de 83 g da fórmula 30-120-70, por metro linear no plantio e 33 g/ /metro linear da fórmula 50-0-45 em cobertura. A população de plantas foi de 50.000 por hectare. Aos 60 dias após o plantio e no florescimento foram coletadas as folhas (+4) e da inserção da espiga, para fins de diagnose. Foram observadas diferenças nas concentrações de P, K, Ca, Mg e Fe, na matéria seca das folhas (+4) dos cultivares aos 60 dias após o plantio, e nas concentrações de P, K, Cu e Fe na folha da inserção da espiga, na fase de florescimento. Diferenças estas que não afetam a produção de grãos. A extensão das diferenças entre cultivares nos níveis foliares dos nutrientes depende da época de amostragem. As coletas feitas em épocas fisiológicas determinadas tende a diminuir estas diferenças. Cultivares com potenciais de produção semelhantes podem ser tratados igualmente em relação à análise de folhas, desde que se adote uma faixa de teores adequados

Acumulação diferencial de nutrientes por cinco cultivares de milho (zea mays L): II - acumulação de micronutrientes

The objective of the present work was to examine the differences in growth, yield, accumulation and transport of nutrients between the cultivars Agroceres 256, Agroceres 504, Centralmex, H-7974 and Piranão. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Piracicaba, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The soil type was a sandy oxisol of medium fertility, except for K which was low. The experimental set-up was a randon block design with four replications. Common cultivation practices were followed, and the fertilizer used consisted of 83 g of a formula: 30-120-70, per meter lenght at planting, and 33 g of the formula: 50-0-45 per meter lenght as dressing 22 days after germination. The plant population density was 50,000 per hectare. Plants were collected for analysis at 20 days after germination, and there after at intervals of 20 days up to 120 days. The plants were divided into "stems + leaves", tassels, and ears for chemical analysis of Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn. Conclusions: Accumulation of nutrients - Differences in the accumulation of micronutrients appeared before the period of rapid growth (20 days) although afterwards no differences were detectable. - The maximum level of nutrients are attained in the following period (in days): Cu (101 -104); Fe (106-120); Mn (82-94); Zn (87-108). - The maximum quantities taken-up (in mg/plant) are: Cu (2.06-3.49); Fe (26.66- -36.29); Mn (9.92-14.39); Zn (5.88-6.69). Transport of nutrients - The transport of nutrients into the ears of the different cultivars are (per ha harvested): Cu (26-35 g); Fe (200-220 g); Mn (90-140 g); Zn (160-250 g).No presente trabalho, os autores apresentam os resultados de um ensaio de campo empregando os cultivares Agroceres 256, Agroceres 504, Centralmex, H-7974 e Piranao no sentido de aquilatar diferenças na acumulação e exportação de micronutrientes. O ensaio foi conduzido num regossol de fertilidade mediana, exceto em relação ao K que é baixo, situado no município de Piracicaba, SP. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso com 4 repetições. Foram seguidas as práticas culturais comuns e a adubação constituiu de 83 g da fórmula 30--120-70 por metro linear por ocasião do plantio e 33 g por metro linear da fórmula 50-0-4, em cobertura 22 dias após a germinação. Plantas foram coletadas a partir dos 20 dias após a germinação, em intervalos de 20 dias até os 120 dias. As plantas foram divididas em "colmo + folhas", pendão e espiga e analisadas para B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn. Concluíram os autores que diferenças na acumulação de micronutrientes manifestam-se antes da fase de crescimento intenso. Os cultivares atingem o máximo da quantidade dos nutrientes nas seguintes épocas, em dias:Cu (61-85); Fe (71-76); Mn (82-94); Zn (87-108). Verificaram, ainda, que as quantidades máximas extraídas em mg/planta são:Cu (2,06--3,49); Fe (26,66-36,28); Mn (9,92-14,39); Zn (5,88-6,69). Finalmente a exportação de nutrientes nas espigas por hectare (50.000 plantas) colhidas é: Cu (26-35 g); Fe (200-220 g); Mn (90-140 g) e Zn (160-250 g)

Acumulação diferencial de nutrientes por cinco cultivares de milho (Zea mays L.): I - acumulação de macronutrientes

The objective of the present work was to examine the differences in growth, yield, accumulation and transport of nutrients between the cultivars Agroceres 256, Agroceres 504, Centralmex, H-7974 and Piranão. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Piracicaba, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The soil type was a sandy oxisol of medium fertility, expect for K which was low. The experimental set-up was a randon block design with four replications. Common cultivation practices were followed, and the fertilizer used consisted of 83 g of a formula: 30-120-70, per meter length at planting, and 33 g of the formula: 50-0-45 per meter length as dressing 22 days after germination. The plant population density was 50,000 per hectare. Plants were collected for analysis at 20 days after germination, and there after at intervals of 20 days up to 120 days. The plants were divided into "stems + leaves", tassels, and ears for chemical analysis of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S. Conclusions: Growth - The cultivars produce maximum quantities of dry matter of 327 to 381 g per plant at the age of 100 to 106 days. - Differences between cultivars in terms of dry matter accumulation in the vegetative parts of the plant is not necessarily relate to the dry weight of the ear. Accumulation of nutrients - There are no differences in the quantity of N, P and K taken-up by the cultivars, although during the period of rapid growth some differences may appear. - Differences in the accumulation of Ca, Mg and S are detected when the quantities of these nutrients approach the maximum. The cultivar H-7974 presented the highest quantities of Ca and Mg where as Agroceres 504 was richest in S. - The maximum level of nutrients are attained in the following period in days: N (89-100); P (101 -120); K (58-66); Ca (75-94); Mg (100-120) and S (93-95). - The maximum quantities taken-up in mg/plant are:N (3,169-3,878);P (541-642); K (3,850-4,693); Ca (582-782); Mg (654-943); S (444-799). Yield - No differences were found between cultivars for grain production. Transport of nutrients - The re were no differences in the amounts of nutrients in the grain between cultivars. - The transport of nutrients into the ears of the different cultivars are the following order (per hectare harvested, 50,000 plants): N (111-143 kg); P (22-30 kg); K (30-45 kg); Ca (0.7-1.1 kg); Mg (10-12 kg) and S (9-13 kg).No presente trabalho, os autores apresentam os resultados de um ensaio de campo empregando os cultivares Agroceres 256, Agroceres 504, Centralmex, H-7974 e Piranão no sentido de aquilatar diferenças no crescimento, produção e acumulação e exportação de nutrientes. O ensaio foi conduzido num regossol de fertilidade mediana, exceto em relação ao K que é baixo, situado no Município de Piracicaba, SP. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso com 4 repetições. Foram seguidas as práticas culturais comuns, e a adubação constituiu de 83 g da fórmula 30-120-70 por metro linear por ocasião do plantio e 33 g por metro linear da fórmula 50-0-4, em cobertura 22 dias após a germinação. Plantas foram coletadas a partir dos 20 dias após a germinação, em intervalos de 20 dias até os 120 dias. As plantas foram divididas em "colmo + folhas", pendão e espiga e analisadas para N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S. Concluíram os autores que diferenças entre cultivares na acumulação de matéria seca na parte vegetativa não se traduzem, necessariamente, por um aumento de peso da matéria seca na espiga. Os cultivares atingem o máximo da quantidade de nutrientes nas seguintes épocas, em dias: N (89-100); P (101-120); K (58-66); Ca (74-94); Mg (100-120); S (93-95). Verificaram, ainda, que as quantidades máximas extraídas em mg/planta são: N (3169-3878); P (541-642); K (3850-4693); Ca (582-782); Mg (654-943); S (444-799). Finalmente, a exportação de nutrientes nas espigas por hectare (50.000 plantas) colhidas é: N (111-143 kg); P (22-30 kg); Ca (0,7-1,1 kg); Mg (10-12kg); S(9-13kg)

Collapsing granular suspensions

A 2D contact dynamics model is proposed as a microscopic description of a collapsing suspension/soil to capture the essential physical processes underlying the dynamics of generation and collapse of the system. Our physical model is compared with real data obtained from in situ measurements performed with a natural collapsing/suspension soil. We show that the shear strength behavior of our collapsing suspension/soil model is very similar to the behavior of this collapsing suspension soil, for both the unperturbed and the perturbed phases of the material.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in EPJ

Universal Critical Behavior of Aperiodic Ferromagnetic Models

We investigate the effects of geometric fluctuations, associated with aperiodic exchange interactions, on the critical behavior of $q$-state ferromagnetic Potts models on generalized diamond hierarchical lattices. For layered exchange interactions according to some two-letter substitutional sequences, and irrelevant geometric fluctuations, the exact recursion relations in parameter space display a non-trivial diagonal fixed point that governs the universal critical behavior. For relevant fluctuations, this fixed point becomes fully unstable, and we show the apperance of a two-cycle which is associated with a novel critical behavior. We use scaling arguments to calculate the critical exponent $\alpha$ of the specific heat, which turns out to be different from the value for the uniform case. We check the scaling predictions by a direct numerical analysis of the singularity of the thermodynamic free-energy. The agreement between scaling and direct calculations is excellent for stronger singularities (large values of $q$). The critical exponents do not depend on the strengths of the exchange interactions.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure (included), RevTeX, submitted to Phys. Rev. E as a Rapid Communicatio