The Effect of the Stress Path on Squeezing Behavior in Tunneling

Summary: The interplay between support systems and the rock when tunneling under squeezing conditions is normally studied by means of two-dimensional analyses. The present paper shows that the underlying plane strain assumption involved in a two-dimensional analysis may lead, under certain conditions, to ground pressure and deformation values that are considerably lower than those produced by stress analyses that take into account spatial effects in the vicinity of the tunnel face. The differences are due to the stress path dependency in the elasto-plastic behavior of the ground and, more specifically, to the inability of the plane strain model to map the actual radial stress history, which involves a complete radial unloading (and, later, a re-loading) of the tunnel boundary over the unsupported span. This inherent weakness of any plane strain analysis is relevant from the design standpoint, particularly for heavily squeezing conditions that require a yielding support. For the majority of tunneling conditions and methods, however, involving as they do the completion of a stiff support within a few meters of the face, the errors introduced by the plane strain assumption are not important from a practical point of vie

Archimedes Interdisciplinary Research Programme Forges a Broad Spectrum of Academic Innovations

The basic goal of Archimedes III is to support research teams in Greek Technological Educational Institutes (TEI) and enhance their research capabilities by funding interdisciplinary and inter-institutional research. The programme aims also at attracting talented researchers and developing high quality research personnel. The TEIs, prior to their advancement to the tertiary sector in 2000, focused only on educational activities. Since then, development of research became part of their mission. In order for the Ministry of Education to support TEIsto develop their research capabilities, it designed research programmes targeting exclusively these organisations. Archimedes I and II were designed and ran in the previous programming period (2000-2006) while Archimedes III has been designed in the framework of the Operational Programme "Education and lifelong learning” of the current programming period, 2007-2013. The programme supports research projects in all research fields. However, particular emphasis is given to the fields of engineering and ICT where the main strengths of Greek Technological Educational Institutes are concentrated. The specific project of the TEI of Central Greece, described herewith, comprises 8 research subprojects in fields such as health, environment, energy and ICT with one additional subproject dedicated to management and dissemination. This paper is a comprehensive account of the research objectives and accomplishments of the research project as a whole. This work is licensed under a&nbsp;Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</p

Cyrillic Manuscript Heritage: Vol. 38

CMH 38 cover design based on the cover design of CMH 34 created by Eva Dujardin Dale.Biannual newsletter of the Hilandar Research Library (HRL) and the Resource Center for Medieval Slavic Studies (RCMSS), The Ohio State University. Includes: features by guest contributors, which may appear under the column heading of "HRL Journal" – where Cyrillic Manuscript Heritage asks researchers who have used the resources of the HRL in the past year to describe their experience and work; a column, "Director's Desk," by the Director of RCMSS; "RCMSS & HRL News Notes," i.e., reports on recent visitors, research, events, exhibits, projects, updates, etc.; contributors to both the Hilandar Endowment Fund and Hilandar's Friends of the Library Fund are listed, as are donors of "Gifts in Kind." Also included may be seasonal announcements regarding the International Hilandar Conference series and the Medieval Slavic Summer Institute.Front cover image: SPEC.OSU.HRL.GMS.FRAG.2, two sides of a single vellum leaf from a Byzantine Greek Gospel lectionary, purchased by the HRL with donations made to the Hilandar Endowment Fund and Hilandar Friends of the Library funds by Frances Roslovic, the Ostich Family, and Sharon Fullerton Maliska; Table of Contents, masthead, front cover photo caption, p. 2; "From the Director's Desk" by Dr. Predrag Matejic, p. 3; "Our Visitors": "A Blast from the Past," photo by Jessi Jones, "A Family Affair" and "HRL Public Lecture on Ivan the Terrible," photos by Jessi Jones, and photo by Georgios Anagnostou of Dr. William Kaldis and his daughter Maria Kaldis Arend, p. 4; "A Special Chaplains' Visit to the HRL" and "An Undergraduate Class Visit," photos by Jessi Jones, p. 5; "All in the Family: A Research Visit from an Alumna of MSSI 2001" by Monica White, photo courtesy of M. White, pp. 6, 8; "'Approaches to the Editing of Slavonic Texts' Workshop in Regensburg, Germany" by Susana Torres Prieto, photos courtesy of S. Torres Prieto, pp. 7-8; Unnumbered insert: recto - "In Memoriam: Professor Charles Edward Gribble," based on an obituary written by Daniel E. Collins, photo courtesy of the OSU department of Slavic and East European Languages and Cultures, and verso: Medieval Slavic Summer Institute 2017 announcement, photos by Jessi Jones; "HRL Journal: Accessing the Forbidden" by Kristina Nikolovska, photo courtesy of K. Nikolovska, p. 9; "Catching up with our MSSI Alumni," photos courtesy of Michael Furman, Alice Sullivan, and Federica Candido, p. 10; "HRL Journal: Examining the Serbian Euchologion" by Tatiana Afanas'eva, photo courtesy of T. Afanas'eva, p. 11; "HRL Journal: My First Trip to the U.S." by Marta Peña Escudero, photos courtesy of M. Peña Escudero, pp. 12, 14; "Manuscript Marginalia Lecture by Dr. Nikolovska," photo by Jessi Jones, p. 13; "A Step into Sociology: Slovene Scholars' Lecture," photos by Jessi Jones, p. 13; "In Memoriam: Protinica Ljubica Matejic," photo courtesy of Nenad Matejic, p. 14; Contributions to the Hilandar Endowment Fund, Gifts through Friends of the Library, and Gifts-in-Kind to the Hilandar Research Library, p. 15; back cover, birth announcement of Predrag Matejic's granddaughter, Elisaveta Todora Matejic, photo courtesy of Svetoslav and Sarah Matejic

Energy Resolution Performance of the CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter

The energy resolution performance of the CMS lead tungstate crystal electromagnetic calorimeter is presented. Measurements were made with an electron beam using a fully equipped supermodule of the calorimeter barrel. Results are given both for electrons incident on the centre of crystals and for electrons distributed uniformly over the calorimeter surface. The electron energy is reconstructed in matrices of 3 times 3 or 5 times 5 crystals centred on the crystal containing the maximum energy. Corrections for variations in the shower containment are applied in the case of uniform incidence. The resolution measured is consistent with the design goals

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio

Severe early onset preeclampsia: short and long term clinical, psychosocial and biochemical aspects

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy specific disorder commonly defined as de novo hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks gestational age. It occurs in approximately 3-5% of pregnancies and it is still a major cause of both foetal and maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide1. As extensive research has not yet elucidated the aetiology of preeclampsia, there are no rational preventive or therapeutic interventions available. The only rational treatment is delivery, which benefits the mother but is not in the interest of the foetus, if remote from term. Early onset preeclampsia (<32 weeks’ gestational age) occurs in less than 1% of pregnancies. It is, however often associated with maternal morbidity as the risk of progression to severe maternal disease is inversely related with gestational age at onset2. Resulting prematurity is therefore the main cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity in patients with severe preeclampsia3. Although the discussion is ongoing, perinatal survival is suggested to be increased in patients with preterm preeclampsia by expectant, non-interventional management. This temporising treatment option to lengthen pregnancy includes the use of antihypertensive medication to control hypertension, magnesium sulphate to prevent eclampsia and corticosteroids to enhance foetal lung maturity4. With optimal maternal haemodynamic status and reassuring foetal condition this results on average in an extension of 2 weeks. Prolongation of these pregnancies is a great challenge for clinicians to balance between potential maternal risks on one the eve hand and possible foetal benefits on the other. Clinical controversies regarding prolongation of preterm preeclamptic pregnancies still exist – also taking into account that preeclampsia is the leading cause of maternal mortality in the Netherlands5 - a debate which is even more pronounced in very preterm pregnancies with questionable foetal viability6-9. Do maternal risks of prolongation of these very early pregnancies outweigh the chances of neonatal survival? Counselling of women with very early onset preeclampsia not only comprises of knowledge of the outcome of those particular pregnancies, but also knowledge of outcomes of future pregnancies of these women is of major clinical importance. This thesis opens with a review of the literature on identifiable risk factors of preeclampsia