PENINGKATAN KEPUASAN PESERTA TERHADAP LAYANAN INFORMASI BPJS KESEHATAN MELALUI MEDIA: APAKAH EFEKTIF?

Abstract Public Understanding of the National Health Insurance Program (JKN) is still lacking due to the limitations of health information services from the government. This study aims to find out whether the use of media in disseminating JKN Program information effectively provides information service satisfaction to BPJS Kesehatan participants. The study used a quantitative design with survey explanation methods. The population in this study was a non-PBI Health BPJS participant (not a Contribution Assistance Recipient) with a PPU category (Wage Earner Worker) of 405 people. Data retrieval techniques through questionnaires given to respondents through a google form. The data is processed using smart PLS and analyzed with the SEM (Structural Equation Model) approach. The results showed that the media had a positive and significant effect on participants' satisfaction which can be seen from the value of t-statistical media to satisfaction of 3.13 > 1.96 or p-value value of 0.00 < 0.05 and track coefficient value of 0.148 which indicates that the media aspect affects the media satisfaction of participants. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the use of effective media provides satisfaction to BPJS Kesehatan participants. The results of this study are expected to be used as a consideration for BPJS Kesehatan to use more fragmented media to disseminate information taking into account the condition/ability of the community.   Keywords: BPJS Health, information services, JKN Program, media, participant satisfactio

Alimentary System of Native Goat Breeds of Pakistan

Goat in Pakistan has been raised both for getting meat and milk with a total production of 748 tons of mutton and 965 tons of milk. In Pakistan, goat meat is the most preferred protein source among muttons. Goats possess a healthy alimentary canal and are mostly offered low-cost grazing land-grown roughage. A chain of tubular organs/tissues and allied glands are observed in the goat alimentary system. A healthy digestive system transforms the available nutrients after digestion and absorption into better growth performance. Only few reports available in literature focusing different local raising goat breeds, its feeding behavior, and the morphological structures of their guts. In this chapter, we tried to draw attention to the embryological development of the goat, the nutrition, and the gross/microscopic anatomy and physiology of gut, which is comprised of oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, and pancreas. The histology of the mucosal structures is focused for better understanding because this tunic is in contact with the ingested food particles and is playing a key role in the process of digestion and absorption. Furthermore, health and clinical issues that can occur with goat alimentary systems are also highlighted in this chapter

Alternative sources of proteins in farm animal feeding

The global demand for protein is on the rise owing to the exponential increase in the world population and to meet the global protein requirements, it is imperative to seek alternative sources of proteins in farm animal feeding. Recognizing the importance of proteins and the fact that a major portion of human protein requirements is derived from livestock in the form of meat, milk, and eggs, the available protein-feeding stuff in the form of soybean meal cannot be regarded as sufficient for feeding to livestock. Oil seeds such as rapeseed meal and canola meal have a crude protein content of 30%-40% and are widely used and hence a potential alternative protein source to soybean meal. Going forward, Grain legumes such as peas, faba beans, and lupins, another alternative source of proteins have the potential to replace traditional protein feeds completely or partially such as bone and fish meals. Duckweed with a protein content of 20%-45% is another plant-based potential protein source that can be employed in livestock feeding particularly pigs owing to its huge potential as a growth promoter as evidenced by studies in pigs and piglets. Because of their nutritional qualities and possible environmental advantages, insects represent another class of alternative protein sources that have enormous potential to function as sustainable protein sources. Several insect species have been assessed for use as animal feeds; the most promising ones include the yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor, TM), the common house fly (MD), and the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens, HI). Byproducts from aquaculture and fisheries are abundant in macro- and micronutrients, and their utilisation can provide fishmeal and fish oil, which can then be further adapted for use as a source of protein in animal nutrition. Employing microalgae as an alternative source of protein in animal feeding is somehow a new concept. Many nutritional and toxicological studies have demonstrated the potential of algae biomass as a valued feed supplement or substitute for conventional protein sources such as soybean meal. While these alternative protein sources in livestock feeding may serve as useful tools, parameters such as feed safety and acceptability should be monitored based on feed safety regulations.O

An Experimental Study Of Combinational Logic Circuit Minimization Using Firefly Algorithm

Combinatorial logic circuit minimization is usually done using Karnaugh’s Map or Boolean equation. This paper presents an application of Firefly Algorithm to design combinational logic circuit in which the objective function is to minimize the total number of gates used. Then, the algorithm is benchmarked with other literatures. Result indicates that it able to find optimal solution but further analysis is required for a more complex combinatorial logic circuit minimization

Applying Firefly Algorithm in Finding Optimized Path in PCB Holes Drilling Process

In PCB holes drilling process, the time taken for a task completion heavily rely on the distance travels by the drill bit of the CNC machine. In order to minimize the distance traveled by the drill bit, Firefly Algorithm can be used. The proposed model applies Firefly Algorithm to search for the optimized path in PCB holes drilling process. Each agent’s position represented a possible path that can be taken by the drill bit. The fitness of the agent is inversely proportional to the distance of the path where the shorter the distance, the better the fitness of an agent. Then, the agents compare their fitness with each other. Agent will try to improve its fitness by moving closer towards other agent with better fitness. The process repeated until maximum iteration achieved. Performance of the proposed model is compared with other literatures using a standard case study

Functional genomics analysis of Leptin-Melanocortin system genes reveals candidate genes associated rapid growth and high carcass yield in sheep

The Leptin-Melanocortin System (LMS) is an important regulatory system involved in appetite and energy balance in many organisms, including sheep. Functional genomics analysis of LMS genes can provide insights into the genetic factors that influence rapid growth and high carcass yield in sheep. However, the genetic potential of sheep growth and reproduction has not been fully exploited. Therefore, identifying genes that regulate growth and reproduction would offer strategies for improving the yield and quality of sheep meat. In this study, to explore the possible molecular mechanisms underlying rapid growth and muscular high-yield carcass in sheep, we screened 14 genes, which were previously claimed to be associated with such traits in humans and rodents. The FST outlier approach implemented in LOSITAN detected the loci under selection. These candidate genes were connected to complicated biological processes, including the regulation of eating behavior, energy balance, and the positive regulation of the cAMP biosynthetic process, according to the gene ontology (GO) study. In addition, the 14 genes' re-sequence data revealed 7,226 SNPs. The MC4R, STAT3, BDNF, and TUB genes were discovered to be an outlier and significantly under positive selection using the fixation index (FST) based technique with the tentative combined allocation of mean heterozygosity and FST. Differentially expressed genes were found, and their functions were assigned using a functional genomics approach. Results showed that these genes are crucial in determining sheep features including size and meat quality. Insights are gained into the molecular mechanisms behind these phenotypic variations, and possible genes for future sheep breeding initiatives are provided. This research proves the value of functional genomics analysis in identifying the heritable components of valuable sheep agriculture traits.The authors extend their appreciation to the Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP2023R27) King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Peer reviewe

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

PENINGKATAN KEPUASAN PESERTA TERHADAP LAYANAN INFORMASI BPJS KESEHATAN MELALUI MEDIA: APAKAH EFEKTIF?

Abstract Public Understanding of the National Health Insurance Program (JKN) is still lacking due to the limitations of health information services from the government. This study aims to find out whether the use of media in disseminating JKN Program information effectively provides information service satisfaction to BPJS Kesehatan participants. The study used a quantitative design with survey explanation methods. The population in this study was a non-PBI Health BPJS participant (not a Contribution Assistance Recipient) with a PPU category (Wage Earner Worker) of 405 people. Data retrieval techniques through questionnaires given to respondents through a google form. The data is processed using smart PLS and analyzed with the SEM (Structural Equation Model) approach. The results showed that the media had a positive and significant effect on participants' satisfaction which can be seen from the value of t-statistical media to satisfaction of 3.13 &gt; 1.96 or p-value value of 0.00 &lt; 0.05 and track coefficient value of 0.148 which indicates that the media aspect affects the media satisfaction of participants. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the use of effective media provides satisfaction to BPJS Kesehatan participants. The results of this study are expected to be used as a consideration for BPJS Kesehatan to use more fragmented media to disseminate information taking into account the condition/ability of the community. &nbsp; Keywords: BPJS Health, information services, JKN Program, media, participant satisfactio