Tissue Culture Of Cecropia Glaziovii Sneth (urticaceae): Vegetative Micropropagation And Plant Regeneration From Callus [cultura De Tecidos De Cecropia Glaziovii Sneth (urticaceae): Micropropagação Vegetativa E Regeneração De Plantas Via Calos]

Cecropia glaziovii is a tree with used in Brazilian popular medicine. Methods allowing the clonal propagation of this species are of great interest for superior genotype multiplication and perpetuation. For this reason, we examined the effect of different culture media and different types of explants on adventitious shoot regeneration from callus and buds of C. glaziovii. Leaves, petioles and stipules obtained from aseptically grown seedlings or from pre-sterilized plants were used to initiate cultures. Adventitious shoot regeneration as achieved when apical and axillary buds were inoculated on gelled Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine alone (BAP) (1.0, 5.0 or 10.0 mg L -1) or combined with -naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (1.0 or 2.0 mg L -1), after 40 days of culture. Best callus production was obtained after 30 days of petioles' culture on gelled MS medium with 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (5.0 mg L -1) combined with BAP (1.0 mg L -1). Successful shoot regeneration from callus was achieved when MS medium supplemented with zeatin (ZEA) (0.1 mg L -1) alone or combined with 2,4-D (1.0 or 5.0 mg L -1) was inoculated with friable callus obtained from petioles. All shoots were rooted by inoculation on MS medium supplemented with ndole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (1.0 mg L -1). Rooted plants transferred to potting soil were successfully established. All in vitro regenerated plantlets showed to be normal, without morphological variations, being also identical to the source plant. Our study has shown that C. laziovii can be propagated by tissue culture methods, allowing large scale multiplication of superior plants for pharmacologica purposes.34512451252Beena, M.R., Martin, K.P., Kirti, P.B., Ariharan, M., Rapíd in vitro propagation of edicinally important Ceropegia candelabrum (2003) Plant Ell Tissue and Organ Culture, 72, pp. 285-289Bermúdez, P.P., Brisa, M.C., Cornejo, M.J., Egura, J., In vitro morphogenesis from excised leaf xplants of Digitalis obscura L (1984) Plant Cell Reports, 3 (1), pp. 8-9Borkowska, B., Comparative response of sour cherry ultures to different cytokinins (1989) Acta Horticultural, 230, pp. 109-112. , msterdamBurbulis, N., Kupriene, R., Blinstrubiene, A., Allus induction and plant regeneration from somatic issue in spring rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) (2008) Biologija, 54 (4), pp. 258-263Castro, A.H.F., Paiva, R., de Alvarenga, A.A., Itor, S.M.M., Calogênese e teores de fenóis e taninos otais em barbatimão [Stryphnodendron adstringens Mart.) Coville] (2009) Ciência E Agrotecnologia, 33, pp. 385-390. , Lavras, mar./abrCorrêa, M.P., (1923) As Plantas Úteis, , a Imbaúba Cecropia achystachya. [S.l.]: Chácaras e QuintaisFonseca, E.T., Umbaúba (1935) Revista Flora Medicinal, 11 (6), pp. 289-296Greenwood, M.S., Rejuvenation of forest trees (1987) Plant Rowth Regulation, 6 (1-2), pp. 1-12Hirschorn, H.H., Botanical remedies of South and entral America and the Caribbean: An archival analysis part I (1981) Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 4, pp. 129-158Laimer, M., Machado, A.C., Hanzer, V., Attanovich, D., Himmler, G., Katingerm, W.D., Regeneration of shoots from leaf discs and stem icrocuttings of fruit trees as a tool for transformation (1988) Acta Horticulturale, 235, pp. 85-92Lima, E.C., Paiva, R., Nogueira, R.C., Soares, P., Emrich, E.B., Silva, A.A.N., Callus induction in eaf segments of Croton urucurana Baill (2008) Ciência E Grotecnologia, 32 (1), pp. 17-22. , LavrasLima-Landman, M., Borges, A., Cysneiros, R., de Ima, T., Souccar, C., Lapa, A., Antihypertensive ffect of a standardized aqueous extract of Cecropia laziovii Sneth in rats: An in vivo approach to the ypotensive mechanism (2007) Phytomedicine, 14 (5), pp. 314-320Leblay, C., Chevresu, E., Raboin, L.M., Dventitious shoot regeneration from "ïn vitro" leaves f several pear cultivars (Pirus communis L.) (1991) Plant Cell Issue and Organ Culture, 25, pp. 99-105. , DordrechtLorenzi, H., Matos, F.J.A., Cecropia glaziovii (2008) Plantas Medicinais No Brasil, pp. 520-521. , nativas e xóticas. 2.ed. Nova Odessa PlantarumMartin, K.P., Rapid propagation of Holostemma Adakodien chult., a rare medicinal plant through axillary ud multiplication an indirect organogenesis (2002) Plant Cell Reports, 21, pp. 112-117Matos, F.J.A., (2000) Plantas Medicinais, p. 344. , guia de seleção e mprego de plantas usadas em fitoterapia no nordeste doBrasil. 2.ed. Fortaleza: Imprensa UniversitáriaMontanari Jr., I., (2008) Aspectos Da Produção Comercial De Plantas Medicinais Nativas, , http://ww.cpqba.unicamp.br/plmed/artigos/producao.htm, Accessed in: 14 decMoreira, I.F., (1978) As Plantas Que Curam, p. 758. , São Paul:HemusMurashige, T.A., Revised medium for rapid growth and ioassays with tobacco tissue culture (1962) Physiology Plantarum, 15, p. 252. , CopenhagenNninahuaman, M.F.M.L., Souccar, C., Lapa, A.J., Ace activity during the hypotension produced by standardized aqueous extract of Cecropia glazioui Sneth: A comparative study to captopril effects in rats (2007) Phytomedicine, 14, pp. 321-327. , StuttgartPierik, R.L.M., Rejuvenation and micropropagation (1990) Newsletter, International Association For Plant Tissue Culture, 62, pp. 11-21Radmann, E.B., Bianchi, V.J., Souza, T.M., Fachinello, J.C., Oliveira, R.P., Influência da composição do meio de cultivo e do tipo de explante na micropropagação do porta-enxerto de Prunus sp (2009) Scientia Agraria, 10 (2), pp. 95-101. , PiracicabaSchopfer, M., Physiology of hormone action (1995) Plant Physiology, pp. 383-408. , NewYorkSouccar, C., Cysneiros, R.M., Tanae, M.M., Torres, L.M.B., Lima-Landman, M.T.R., Lapa, A.J., Inhibition of gastric acid secretion by a standardized aqueous extract of Cecropia glaziovii Sneth and underlying mechanism (2008) Phytomedicine, 15, pp. 462-469. , StuttgartSreekumar, S., Seeni, S., Pushpangadan, P., Micropropagation of Hemidesmus indicus for cultivation and production of 2-hydroxy 4-methoxy benzaldehyde (2000) Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture, 62, pp. 211-218. , DordrechtSudha, C.G., Krishnan, P.N., Pushpangadan, P., In vitropropagation of Holostemma annulare (Roxb.) 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Spot urine porphyrins/creatinine ratio profile of healthy Brazilian individuals adjusted for personal habits

Changes in urinary porphyrin excretion may be the result of hereditary causes and/or from environmental or occupational exposure. The objective of this study was to measure the amount of some porphyrins in spot urine samples obtained from volunteers randomly selected from a healthy adult population of São Paulo with a sensitive HPLC method and to estimate normal ranges for a non-exposed population. Spot urine samples were collected from 126 subjects (both genders, 18 to 65 years old) not occupationally exposed to porphyrinogenic agents. Porphyrin fractions were separated on RP-18 HPLC column eluted with a methanol/ammonium acetate buffer gradient, pH 4.0, and measured fluorometrically (excitation 405 nm/emission 620 nm). The amount of porphyrins was corrected for urinary creatinine excretion. Only 8-carboxyl (uro) and 4-carboxyl (copro) porphyrins were quantified as µg/g creatinine. Data regarding age, gender, occupational activities, smoking and drinking habits were analyzed by Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Uroporphyrin results did not differ significantly between the subgroups studied. Copro and uro + copro porphyrins were significantly different for smokers (P = 0.008) and occupational activities (P = 0.004). With respect to alcohol consumption, only men drinking >20 g/week showed significant differences in the levels of copro (P = 0.022) and uro + copro porphyrins (P = 0.012). The 2.5-97.5th percentile limit values, excluding those for subjects with an alcohol drinking habit >20 g/week, were 0-20.8, 11.7-93.1, and 15.9-102.9 µg/g creatinine for uro, copro and uro + copro porphyrins, respectively. These percentile limit values can be proposed as a first attempt to provide urinary porphyrin reference values for our population, serving for an early diagnosis of porphyrinopathies or as biomarkers of exposure to porphyrinogenic agents.Universidade de São Paulo - LIM 03-HC-FM-US

tri-n-butyltin hydride-mediated radical reaction of a 2-iodobenzamide: Formation of an unexpected carbon-tin bond

Leonardo S. Santos. Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, P.O. Box 747, Talca - Chile.The tri-n-butyltin hydride-mediated reaction of methyl 2,3-di-O-benzyl-4-O-trans-cinnamyl -6-deoxy-6-(2-iodobenzoylamino)-a-D-galactopyranoside afforded an unexpected aryltributyltin compound. The structure of this new tetraorganotin(IV) product has been elucidated by 1H, 13C NMR spectroscopy, COSY and HMQC experiments and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The formation of this new compound via a radical coupling reaction and a radical addition-elimination process is discusse

Composição química e atividade antimicrobiana do óleo essencial de folhas e flores de Aloysia gratissima

Volatile oils from leaves and flowers of Aloysia gratissima were investigated for their chemical composition and antimicrobial activity against the bacteria Bacilus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella choleraesuis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae and the Candida albicans yeast. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the oils were determined by the micro-dilution method, while the chemical composition was determined by GC-MS (gas chromatography mass spectrometry). The fresh leaves and inflorescence were subjected to hydrodistillation for 120 min using a Clevenger-type apparatus, and the essential oil was tested against microorganisms. High concentrations of sesquiterpenes were observed for the inflorescence, and monoterpenes were observed for the leaves. The main compounds of the inflorescence essential oil were E-caryophyllene, germacrene B, guaiol and bulnesol, while in the leaves the main compounds were trans-pinocamphone, trans-pinocarveyl acetate, and guaiol. The essential oil from the leaves showed an effect against P. aeruginosa and S. pneumonia, and the essential oil of the inflorescence showed an effect against P. aeruginosa, S. pneumonia, and Candida albicans.O óleo essencial de folhas e de flores de Aloysia gratissima foi avaliado quanto à composição química e ação antimicrobiana contra as bactérias Bacilus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella choleraesuis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, e a levedura Candida albicans. A concentração mínima inibitória (MIC) dos óleos essenciais foi determinada pelo método da microdiluição e a composição química determinada por CG-EM (Cromatografia Gasosa acoplada a Espectrômetro de Massas). Folhas e inflorescências frescas foram hidrodestiladas por 120 minutos em aparelho Clevenger sendo o óleo essencial testado contra microorganismos. Para as flores foi observada maior concentração de sesquiterpenos, enquanto que as folhas apresentaram maior concentração de monoterpenos. Os principais constituintes do óleo essencial da flor foram: E-cariofileno, germacreno B, guaiol e bulnesol; e das folhas foram: trans-pinocamfona, acetato de trans-pinocarveol e guaiol. O óleo essencial da folha mostrou atividade contra P. aeruginosa e S. pneumoniae, e o óleo essencial da flor mostrou atividade contra P. aeruginosa, S. pneumoniae e Candida albicans.583588Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Contact-induced spin polarization in carbon nanotubes

Motivated by the possibility of combining spintronics with molecular structures, we investigate the conditions for the appearance of spin-polarization in low-dimensional tubular systems by contacting them to a magnetic substrate. We derive a set of general expressions describing the charge transfer between the tube and the substrate and the relative energy costs. The mean-field solution of the general expressions provides an insightful formula for the induced spin-polarization. Using a tight-binding model for the electronic structure we are able to estimate the magnitude and the stability of the induced moment. This indicates that a significant magnetic moment in carbon nanotubes can be observed.Comment: To appear in Phys. Rev. B (2003

Estabilidad oxidativa de aceites de soja y maíz enriquecidos con extracto hidroalcohólico de Pluchea quitoc

Soybean and corn oils are among the most popular vegetable oils, and are ingredients which are widely used in cooking and in the food industry. These oils contain many unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids, which makes them easily oxidized by oxygen. Extensive efforts are being made to prevent or minimize vegetable oil oxidation through the development of antioxidants. Phenolic antioxidants which are present in some extracts can be used as food additives to prevent lipid oxidation. In this study chromatographic analyses (HPLC and GC) of the Pluchea quitoc hydroalcoholic extract were performed. The content of phenolic compounds by the Folin-Ciocalteau method and the antioxidant properties against radicals 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) were also evaluated. The effect of samples prepared with soybean and corn oils enriched with Pluchea quitoc hydroalcoholic extract was determined and compared with samples of these oils which were free of antioxidants and with samples containing the synthetic antioxidant BHT. The results showed potential for application of the extract. A high content of phenolic compounds (314 milligrams of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g of extract) and good IC50 values were detected for the inhibition of the radicals DPPH and ABTS (13.2 µg·mL-1 and 5.6 µg·mL-1). In the evaluation of the oxidative stability of the oils enriched with this extract, it was found that at 1% concentration it was possible to obtain values of induction period (IP) close to the samples with added BHT.Los aceites de soja y maíz se encuentran entre los aceites vegetales más populares, ingredientes ampliamente utilizados en la cocina y también en la industria alimentaria. Estos aceites contienen muchos ácidos grasos insaturados como los ácidos oleico, linoleico y linolénico que se oxidan fácilmente con el oxígeno. Se están realizando grandes esfuerzos para prevenir o minimizar la oxidación de los aceites vegetales mediante el desarrollo de antioxidantes. Los antioxidantes fenólicos presentes en algunos extractos se pueden utilizar como aditivos alimentarios para prevenir la oxidación de lípidos. En este estudio se realizó la obtención y análisis cromatográficos (HPLC y GC) del extracto hidroalcohólico de Pluchea quitoc. El contenido de compuestos fenólicos se evaluó por el método de Folin-Ciocalteau y las propiedades antioxidantes frente a radicales DPPH y ABTS. Se determinó el efecto de muestras preparadas con aceites de soja y maíz enriquecidas con extracto hidroalcohólico de Pluchea quitoc y se comparó con muestras de estos aceites libres de antioxidantes y con el antioxidante sintético BHT. Los resultados mostraron potencial para la aplicación del extracto. Se detectó un alto contenido de compuestos fenólicos (314 mg GAE) y buenos valores de IC50 para la inhibición de los radicales DPPH y ABTS (13.2 µg·mL-1 y 5.6 µg·mL-1). En la evaluación de la estabilidad oxidativa de los aceites enriquecidos con este extracto, se encontró que para la concentración del 1% es posible obtener valores de período de inducción (IP) cercanos a las muestras adicionadas con BHT

Theory and phenomenology of two-Higgs-doublet models

We discuss theoretical and phenomenological aspects of two-Higgs-doublet extensions of the Standard Model. In general, these extensions have scalar mediated flavour changing neutral currents which are strongly constrained by experiment. Various strategies are discussed to control these flavour changing scalar currents and their phenomenological consequences are analysed. In particular, scenarios with natural flavour conservation are investigated, including the so-called type I and type II models as well as lepton-specific and inert models. Type III models are then discussed, where scalar flavour changing neutral currents are present at tree level, but are suppressed by either specific ansatze for the Yukawa couplings or by the introduction of family symmetries. We also consider the phenomenology of charged scalars in these models. Next we turn to the role of symmetries in the scalar sector. We discuss the six symmetry-constrained scalar potentials and their extension into the fermion sector. The vacuum structure of the scalar potential is analysed, including a study of the vacuum stability conditions on the potential and its renormalization-group improvement. The stability of the tree level minimum of the scalar potential in connection with electric charge conservation and its behaviour under CP is analysed. The question of CP violation is addressed in detail, including the cases of explicit CP violation and spontaneous CP violation. We present a detailed study of weak basis invariants which are odd under CP. A careful study of spontaneous CP violation is presented, including an analysis of the conditions which have to be satisfied in order for a vacuum to violate CP. We present minimal models of CP violation where the vacuum phase is sufficient to generate a complex CKM matrix, which is at present a requirement for any realistic model of spontaneous CP violation.Comment: v3: 180 pages, 506 references, new chapter 7 with recent LHC results; referee comments taken into account; submitted to Physics Report