Fortaleciendo el speaking a través de juegos y de trabalenguas en los estudiantes de grado 7° del Colegio Pablo Sexto de Dosquebradas

Carpeta de evidencias de la práctica pedagógica.En el colegio Pablo Sexto en la ciudad de Dosquebradas, Se generó la oportunidad de desarrollar un proyecto con el propósito de mejorar las habilidades de expresión oral en inglés de los estudiantes de grado 7°. El propósito es facilitar el aprendizaje del idioma a través de diferentes estrategias y recursos con un enfoque lúdico y divertido para lograr este propósito se implementaron juegos y trabalenguas como herramientas principales. Los juegos de roles permitieron practicar vocabulario y expresiones comunes en inglés de manera amena y dinámica, fomentando así la interacción en el idioma y proporcionando un contexto lúdico para el desarrollo de habilidades de comunicación. Por otro lado, la implementación de trabalenguas ayudó a mejorar la pronunciación y la fluidez en inglés, dando a los estudiantes la oportunidad de ejercitar la correcta pronunciación y mejorar su fluidez verbal. Adicionalmente se utilizó un diario de campo para registrar el desarrollo de los estudiantes a lo largo del proyecto. Este permitió hacer un seguimiento, identificar áreas de mejora de acuerdo a las necesidades individuales de los estudiantes. En tanto a la creación de historias en inglés se presentaron diferentes técnicas y recursos, el uso de conectores y vocabulario descriptivo, así como la organización de eventos en secuencia. Hay ejemplos para guiar a los estudiantes en el proceso de construcción de sus propias historias, estimulando su creatividad y la experiencia de contar historias en un nuevo idioma. En conclusión, La implementación de juegos y trabalenguas en inglés en el colegio tuvo como propósito mejorar las habilidades de expresión oral, pronunciación, vocabulario y fluidez en inglés. A través de estrategias pedagógicas, lúdicas y motivadoras, se buscó que los estudiantes se sintieran más cómodos y seguros al comunicarse en inglés, fortaleciendo así sus habilidades lingüísticas de manera integral.At Pablo Sexto School in the city of Dosquebradas, an opportunity arose to develop a project with the purpose of improving the English verbal communication skills of 7th grade students. The aim was to facilitate language learning through different strategies and resources, with a playful and fun approach. Games and tongue twisters were implemented as the main tools to achieve this purpose. Role-playing games allowed students to practice vocabulary and common expressions in English in an enjoyable and dynamic way, encouraging language interaction and providing a playful context for the development of communication skills. On the other hand, the implementation of tongue twisters helped improve pronunciation and fluency in English, giving students the opportunity to exercise correct pronunciation and enhance their verbal fluency. Additionally, a field journal was used to record the students' progress throughout the project. This allowed for monitoring and identifying areas for improvement according to individual student needs. As for the creation of stories in English, different techniques and resources were presented, including the use of connectors and descriptive vocabulary, as well as the organization of events in sequence. There were examples to guide students in the process of constructing their own stories, stimulating their creativity and the experience of storytelling in a new language. In conclusion, the implementation of English games and tongue twisters at the school aimed to improve oral expression skills, pronunciation, vocabulary, and fluency in English. Through pedagogical, playful, and motivating strategies, the goal was for students to feel more comfortable and confident when communicating in English, thus strengthening their language skills comprehensively

Análisis del entorno tecnológico y su relación con el Programa de Ingeniería de Sistemas y Computación en la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira

La preparación profesional exige análisis constante y cambio permanente por parte de los entes universitarios. Como una empresa analiza sus diferentes entornos para adoptar medidas que le permitan mantener los niveles competitivos que ayuden a su continuidad en el mercado, así se podría comparar en cierto grado con el análisis que se debe realizar por parte de la escuela sobre el entorno que la rodea y que determina su razón de ser. En el caso específico del programa de Ingeniería de Sistemas y Computación de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, el análisis de su entorno tecnológico representa un trabajo vital por la naturaleza de los núcleos de conocimiento con que se cuentan. El presente documento se desarrolla recopilando información relacionada en los diferentes niveles, desde los elementos de las ciencias básicas que hacen parte del currículo de la universidad Tecnológica de Pereira y universidades a nivel local, nacional e internacional; hasta los conocimientos aplicados que serán los pilares de los futuros profesionales, esas personas que construyen patria desde la ingeniería y que según nuestra opinión son la razón de ser de nuestra Universidad. Esta monografía tiene como finalidad ayudar a fortalecer una mentalidad crítica y la retroalimentación por parte de los diferentes directivos y comités que están constituidos actualmente y que definen los lineamientos, en lo relacionado con los cambios curriculares propuestos, tan necesarios debido a que la tecnología, vehículo de la carrera, cambia constantemente y define proyecciones a largo plazo

Detección de virus asociados al material de siembra de tomate de árbol en Colombia

La virosis del tomate de árbol es uno de los problemas más limitantes de este cultivo en Colombia. Esta investigación evaluó como posible fuente de inóculo la semilla de frutos colectados en campo, así como en material de vivero de Antioquia, Cundinamarca, Nariño y Putumayo y en plántulas ger- minadas bajo condiciones de invernadero. Estas evaluaciones se realizaron mediante pruebas de ELISA y estuvieron complementadas con la secuen- ciación del gen de la cápside de los virus detectados más frecuentemente. Para la semilla de frutos colectados en campo se observó una alta incidencia de potyvirus (16%), PLRV (26%) y la presencia en al menos una muestra de los virus AMV, CMV y ToMV. No se encontraron los virus TSWV y ToRSV. La detección en plántulas de vivero indicó la presencia de PLRV (24%), potyvirus (35%), ToRSV (22%) y CMV (0,6%) en las muestras analizadas. En las plántulas obtenidas en los ensayos de invernadero, nuevamente se detectaron PLRV y potyvirus. Estos resultados plantean la posibilidad de considerar la transmisión por semilla de virus en este cultivo y representan el primer reporte mundial de transmisión por semilla de PLRV

The number of tree species on Earth.

One of the most fundamental questions in ecology is how many species inhabit the Earth. However, due to massive logistical and financial challenges and taxonomic difficulties connected to the species concept definition, the global numbers of species, including those of important and well-studied life forms such as trees, still remain largely unknown. Here, based on global ground-sourced data, we estimate the total tree species richness at global, continental, and biome levels. Our results indicate that there are ∼73,000 tree species globally, among which ∼9,000 tree species are yet to be discovered. Roughly 40% of undiscovered tree species are in South America. Moreover, almost one-third of all tree species to be discovered may be rare, with very low populations and limited spatial distribution (likely in remote tropical lowlands and mountains). These findings highlight the vulnerability of global forest biodiversity to anthropogenic changes in land use and climate, which disproportionately threaten rare species and thus, global tree richness

The number of tree species on Earth.

One of the most fundamental questions in ecology is how many species inhabit the Earth. However, due to massive logistical and financial challenges and taxonomic difficulties connected to the species concept definition, the global numbers of species, including those of important and well-studied life forms such as trees, still remain largely unknown. Here, based on global ground-sourced data, we estimate the total tree species richness at global, continental, and biome levels. Our results indicate that there are ∼73,000 tree species globally, among which ∼9,000 tree species are yet to be discovered. Roughly 40% of undiscovered tree species are in South America. Moreover, almost one-third of all tree species to be discovered may be rare, with very low populations and limited spatial distribution (likely in remote tropical lowlands and mountains). These findings highlight the vulnerability of global forest biodiversity to anthropogenic changes in land use and climate, which disproportionately threaten rare species and thus, global tree richness

Long-term thermal sensitivity of Earth’s tropical forests

The sensitivity of tropical forest carbon to climate is a key uncertainty in predicting global climate change. Although short-term drying and warming are known to affect forests, it is unknown if such effects translate into long-term responses. Here, we analyze 590 permanent plots measured across the tropics to derive the equilibrium climate controls on forest carbon. Maximum temperature is the most important predictor of aboveground biomass (−9.1 megagrams of carbon per hectare per degree Celsius), primarily by reducing woody productivity, and has a greater impact per °C in the hottest forests (>32.2°C). Our results nevertheless reveal greater thermal resilience than observations of short-term variation imply. To realize the long-term climate adaptation potential of tropical forests requires both protecting them and stabilizing Earth’s climate

Medellin Air Quality Initiative (MAUI)

This chapter book presents Medellín Air qUality Initiative or MAUI Project; it tells a brief story of this teamwork, their scientific and technological directions. The modeling work focuses on the ecosystems and human health impact due to the exposition of several pollutants transported from long-range places and deposited. For this objective, the WRF and LOTOS-EUROS were configurated and implemented over the región of interest previously updating some input conditions like land use and orography. By other side, a spinoff initiative named SimpleSpace was also born during this time, developing, through this instrumentation branch a very compact and modular low-cost sensor to deploy in new air quality networks over the study domain. For testing this instrument and find an alternative way to measure pollutants in the vertical layers, the Helicopter In-Situ Pollution Assessment Experiment HIPAE misión was developed to take data through the overflight of a helicopter over Medellín. From the data obtained from the Simple units and other experiments in the payload, a citogenotoxicity analysis quantify the cellular damage caused by the exposition of the pollutants

Sensitivity of South American tropical forests to an extreme climate anomaly

NERC Knowledge Exchange Fellowship (NE/V018760/1) to E.N.H.C.The tropical forest carbon sink is known to be drought sensitive, but it is unclear which forests are the most vulnerable to extreme events. Forests with hotter and drier baseline conditions may be protected by prior adaptation, or more vulnerable because they operate closer to physiological limits. Here we report that forests in drier South American climates experienced the greatest impacts of the 2015–2016 El Niño, indicating greater vulnerability to extreme temperatures and drought. The long-term, ground-measured tree-by-tree responses of 123 forest plots across tropical South America show that the biomass carbon sink ceased during the event with carbon balance becoming indistinguishable from zero (−0.02 ± 0.37 Mg C ha−1 per year). However, intact tropical South American forests overall were no more sensitive to the extreme 2015–2016 El Niño than to previous less intense events, remaining a key defence against climate change as long as they are protected.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Water table depth modulates productivity and biomass across Amazonian forests

Aim: Water availability is the major driver of tropical forest structure and dynamics. Most research has focused on the impacts of climatic water availability, whereas remarkably little is known about the influence of water table depth and excess soil water on forest processes. Nevertheless, given that plants take up water from the soil, the impacts of climatic water supply on plants are likely to be modulated by soil water conditions. Location: Lowland Amazonian forests. Time period: 1971–2019. Methods: We used 344 long-term inventory plots distributed across Amazonia to analyse the effects of long-term climatic and edaphic water supply on forest functioning. We modelled forest structure and dynamics as a function of climatic, soil-water and edaphic properties. Results: Water supplied by both precipitation and groundwater affects forest structure and dynamics, but in different ways. Forests with a shallow water table (depth <5 m) had 18% less above-ground woody productivity and 23% less biomass stock than forests with a deep water table. Forests in drier climates (maximum cumulative water deficit < −160 mm) had 21% less productivity and 24% less biomass than those in wetter climates. Productivity was affected by the interaction between climatic water deficit and water table depth. On average, in drier climates the forests with a shallow water table had lower productivity than those with a deep water table, with this difference decreasing within wet climates, where lower productivity was confined to a very shallow water table. Main conclusions: We show that the two extremes of water availability (excess and deficit) both reduce productivity in Amazon upland (terra-firme) forests. Biomass and productivity across Amazonia respond not simply to regional climate, but rather to its interaction with water table conditions, exhibiting high local differentiation. Our study disentangles the relative contribution of those factors, helping to improve understanding of the functioning of tropical ecosystems and how they are likely to respond to climate change

Sensitivity of South American tropical forests to an extreme climate anomaly

Abstract: The tropical forest carbon sink is known to be drought sensitive, but it is unclear which forests are the most vulnerable to extreme events. Forests with hotter and drier baseline conditions may be protected by prior adaptation, or more vulnerable because they operate closer to physiological limits. Here we report that forests in drier South American climates experienced the greatest impacts of the 2015–2016 El Niño, indicating greater vulnerability to extreme temperatures and drought. The long-term, ground-measured tree-by-tree responses of 123 forest plots across tropical South America show that the biomass carbon sink ceased during the event with carbon balance becoming indistinguishable from zero (−0.02 ± 0.37 Mg C ha−1 per year). However, intact tropical South American forests overall were no more sensitive to the extreme 2015–2016 El Niño than to previous less intense events, remaining a key defence against climate change as long as they are protected