Anaphylaxis in Latin America: a report of the online Latin American survey on anaphylaxis (OLASA)

OBJECTIVES: The aims of the Online Latin American Survey of Anaphylaxis (OLASA) were to identify the main clinical manifestations, triggers, and treatments of severe allergic reactions in patients who were seen by allergists from July 2008 to June 2010 in 15 Latin American countries and Portugal (n =634). RESULTS: Of all patients, 68.5% were older than 18 years, 41.6% were male, and 65.4% experienced the allergic reaction at home. The etiologic agent was identified in 87.4% of cases and predominantly consisted of drugs (31.2%), foods (23.3%), and insect stings (14.9%). The main symptom categories observed during the acute episodes were cutaneous (94.0%) and respiratory (79.0%). The majority of patients (71.6%) were treated initially by a physician (office/emergency room) within the first hour after the reaction occurred (60.2%), and 43.5% recovered in the first hour after treatment. Most patients were treated in an emergency setting, but only 37.3% received parenteral epinephrine alone or associated with other medication. However, 80.5% and 70.2% were treated with corticosteroids or antihistamines (alone or in association), respectively. A total of 12.9% of the patients underwent reanimation maneuvers, and 15.2% were hospitalized. Only 5.8% of the patients returned to the emergency room after discharge, with 21.7% returning in the first 6 hours after initial treatment. CONCLUSION: The main clinical manifestations of severe allergic reactions were cutaneous. The etiologic agents that were identified as causing these acute episodes differed according to age group. Following in order: drugs (31.2%), foods (23.3% and insect stings (14.9%) in adults with foods predominance in children. Treatment provided for acute anaphylactic reactions was not appropriate. It is necessary to improve educational programs in order to enhance the knowledge on this potentially fatal emergency.Federal University of São Paulo Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology Department of Pediatrics Division of AllergyUniversidad del Salvador Medical School ImmunologyClínica Santa Isabel Head of the Division of Allergy and ImmunologyCentro Médico-Docente La Trinidad Allergy and Clinical Immunology DepartmentClínica El Avila Head of Allergy and Immunology DepartmentUniversity of Montes ClarosFederal University of Paraná Department of PediatricsNational University of Rosario Faculty of Medical SciencesFederal Faculty Foundation of Medical Sciences of Porto Alegre Division of Immunology and ImmunopathologyUNIFESP, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology Department of Pediatrics Division of AllergySciEL

Lithostratigraphic, paleoenvironmental and sequential evolution of the Cenomanian-Lower Turonian in the Guir area (western Algeria)

La lithostratigraphie, les paléoenvironnements et la stratigraphie séquentielle des terrains crétacés affleurant au pied méridional de l'Atlas saharien (Sud-Ouest de l'Algérie), sont discutés dans le présent article. Les études s'appuient sur l'analyse de quinze coupes réparties le long des limites méridionale et septentrionale du bassin du Guir, entre Ben-Zireg, à l'Est et l'axe Meridja-Boukais à l'Ouest. Dans cette région, trois formations ont été identifiées et interprétées sur le plan environnemental et séquentiel : 1- La Formation des "Grès rouges", attribuée au Cénomanien inférieur, est dominée par des dépôts gréseux fins, fluviatiles ou littoraux ; 2- La Formation des "Marnes à gypse inférieures", rapportée au Cénomanien inférieur-moyen, est caractérisée par des assises à caractères littoraux, soumises à l'influence des tempêtes, notamment vers la base ; 3- La Formation des "Calcaires de Sidi Mohamed Ben Bouziane", d'âge Cénomanien supérieur-Turonien inférieur, correspond à une sédimentation carbonatée franchement marine de plate-forme peu profonde très généralisée. Les dépôts de ces entités lithostratigraphiques s'agencent en mégaséquence d'ouverture, composée de méso-séquences "transgression-régression". L'ouverture des milieux de dépôts en direction du Nord est confirmée par l'organisation des unités lithostratigraphiques et par l'affinité paléobiogéographique nettement téthysienne de l'échinofaune, des bivalves et en particulier de l'ammonite Neolobites vibrayeanus.The lithostratigraphy, paleoenvironment and sequence stratigraphy of the Cretaceous succession outcropping at the southern foot of the Saharan Atlas (south-western Algeria) are discussed in this work. Our current study focuses on the analysis of fifteen sections distributed along to the northern and southern limits of the Guir Basin, between the Ben-Zireg to the East and the Meridja-Boukais axis to the West. In this area, three lithostratigraphic formations were identified and interpreted from an environmental and a sequential points of view: 1 - The lower "Grès rouges" Formation attributed to the Lower Cenomanian, is dominated by fluvial or coastal detrital deposits; 2 - The middle "Marnes à gypse inférieures" Formation assigned to the Lower-Middle Cenomanian is characterized by littoral setting with some storm influences, especially towards the base; 3 - The upper "Calcaires de Sidi Mohamed Ben Bouziane" Formation of upper Cenomanian-early Turonian in age, is represents a laterally extensive, shallow carbonate platform environment. The three formations constitute an overall transgressive megasequence built of a number of transgressive-regressive minor sequences. The opening of the deposits towards the North is confirmed by the organization of the lithostratigraphic units and by the Tethyan paleobiogeographic affinity of the echinoids and bivalves, and especially the occurrence of Neolobites vibrayeanus ammonite

Vicariance and dispersal in southern hemisphere freshwater fish clades: a palaeontological perspective

Widespread fish clades that occur mainly or exclusively in fresh water represent a key target of biogeographical investigation due to limited potential for crossing marine barriers. Timescales for the origin and diversification of these groups are crucial tests of vicariant scenarios in which continental break‐ups shaped modern geographic distributions. Evolutionary chronologies are commonly estimated through node‐based palaeontological calibration of molecular phylogenies, but this approach ignores most of the temporal information encoded in the known fossil record of a given taxon. Here, we review the fossil record of freshwater fish clades with a distribution encompassing disjunct landmasses in the southern hemisphere. Palaeontologically derived temporal and geographic data were used to infer the plausible biogeographic processes that shaped the distribution of these clades. For seven extant clades with a relatively well‐known fossil record, we used the stratigraphic distribution of their fossils to estimate confidence intervals on their times of origin. To do this, we employed a Bayesian framework that considers non‐uniform preservation potential of freshwater fish fossils through time, as well as uncertainty in the absolute age of fossil horizons. We provide the following estimates for the origin times of these clades: Lepidosireniformes [125–95 million years ago (Ma)]; total‐group Osteoglossomorpha (207–167 Ma); Characiformes (120–95 Ma; a younger estimate of 97–75 Ma when controversial Cenomanian fossils are excluded); Galaxiidae (235–21 Ma); Cyprinodontiformes (80–67 Ma); Channidae (79–43 Ma); Percichthyidae (127–69 Ma). These dates are mostly congruent with published molecular timetree estimates, despite the use of semi‐independent data. Our reassessment of the biogeographic history of southern hemisphere freshwater fishes shows that long‐distance dispersals and regional extinctions can confound and erode pre‐existing vicariance‐driven patterns. It is probable that disjunct distributions in many extant groups result from complex biogeographic processes that took place during the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic. Although long‐distance dispersals likely shaped the distributions of several freshwater fish clades, their exact mechanisms and their impact on broader macroevolutionary and ecological dynamics are still unclear and require further investigation.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/148368/1/brv12473_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/148368/2/brv12473.pd

Preparação e caracterização de pós cerâmicos de Ca(Mo,W)O4 obtidos pelo método dos precursores poliméricos

Os molibdatos e tungstatos têm grande aplicação tecnológica devido principalmente às suas propriedades eletro ópticas e fotoluminescentes. Neste trabalho pós de molibdatos tungstatos de cálcio baseados na composição [Ca(Mo1-xWx)O4] , onde (x = 0,0; 0,2; 0,4; 0,6; 0,8, e 1,0) foram preparados e suas estruturas cristalinas identificadas. Uma conecção entre a propriedade luminescente e a desordem estrutural, na contribuição do espectro de luminescência foi realizada considerando os diferentes sistemas e as temperaturas de tratamento térmico. As propriedades estruturais e fotoluminescentes foram avaliadas tendo como referencial os compostos CaMoO4 e CaWO4. Esses sistemas foram sintetizados pelo método dos precursores poliméricos, o que possibilitou a obtenção da fase cristalina em temperaturas inferiores a 500°C. Os pós preparados por esse processo químico foram caracterizados utilizando as técnicas termogravimétricas/calorimetria TG/DSC, difração de raios X (DRX), Espectroscopia vibracional na região do infravermelho (IR), Raman, Espectroscopia na região do ultravioleta visível (UV-Vis), Fotoluminescência (FL), e Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão (MET). Os resultados da análise térmica TG/DSC mostraram que a temperatura de cristalização se desloca para valores mais elevados com o aumento do W. Nos difratogramas de raios X, foi observada a formação da fase em todos os sistemas preparados a partir de 450°C. Por meio da espectroscopia Raman observou se que o W induz a desordem na estrutura. A emissão da fotoluminescência à temperatura ambiente com excitação de 350.7 nm foi observada em todas as amostras tratadas de 450 até 700°C. Um mecanismo foi proposto para explicar e relacionar os resultados da FL em função das variações estruturais com a temperatura de tratamento das amostras.The molybdates and tungstates have a great technologic potential mainly due to their electro optical and photoluminescent properties. In this work molybdate tungstate of calcium [Ca(Mo1-xWx)O4] ( x = 0,0; 0,2; 0,4; 0,6; 0,8, e 1,0) powders were prepared and their crystalline structure characterized. A connection between the luminescent properties and the crystalline structure disorder in the contribution of the luminescence spectra was discussed regarding to different amount and heat treatment temperatures. The structural and photoluminescent properties were evaluated based on CaMoO4 and CaWO4 compounds. These systems were synthesized by the polymeric precursor method which made possible the obtaining of the phase at temperatures lower than 500°C. The prepared powders by this method were characterized by thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry technique (TG/DSC) X ray diffraction (XRD), Infra red (IR), Raman, UV-Visible spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) and finally by transmission electronic microscopy (TEM). In addition, the thermal analysis results showed that the temperature of crystallization shifts to higher values when the W concentration is increased the phase is obtained in all systems up to 450°C as evidenced by the XRD results. By the Raman results, it was observed that W promote short range disorder the PL measurements accomplished at room temperature and 350.7 were observed in all samples treated from 450 to 700°C. A mechanism was proposed to explain the results in function of the structural charges as the temperature treatment increase.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Protocol for systematic review: topical nasal steroids for allergic rhinitis in children

O objetivo deste estudo foi preparar um protocolo para uma revisao sistematica da literatura sobre o tratamento da rinite alergica em criancas, a fim de permitir uma, reavaliacao dose mecanismos fisiopatologicos epidemiologicos, diagnosticos e terapeuticos de um serio problema, que atinge a Saúde das criancas de todo o mundo, ja que e notorio o aumento global e progressivo das doencas alergicas. A revisao sistematica e um modelo de pesquisa que e considerado hoje o padrao ouro, quando desejamos responder as questoes relacionadas a avaliacao da seguranca e eficacia de intervencoes em pacientes. A questao aqui trabalhada e o uso de corticosteroide topico nasal no tratamento de rinite alergica em criancas, pois essa e atualmente a mais comum das afeccoes cronicas da infancia, e a elaboracao do protocolo foi feita para abordar a acao terapeutica desse farmaco. O protocolo para revisao sistematica e apenas uma das etapas de um processo que resultara na tomada de decisao clinica. Foi necessario elabora-lo de acordo com as normas nacionais e internacionais; selecionar os artigos atraves de estrategias de busca em base de dados; coletar os dados de acordo com os criterios de inclusao e exclusao, e, finalmente incluir os resultados obtidos, na revisao sistematica e metanalise. Esta bem estabelecida a conexao entre a inflamacao e os sintomas da rinite alergica, e sabe-se do profundo efeito antiinflamatorio dos corticosteroides topicos nasais, porem persistem duvidas quanto ao uso, de...(au)BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertaçõe

Academic Formation and Work of the Information Professional in Contemporaneity: subsidies for undergraduate education

No contexto das atuais mudanças no mundo do trabalho associadas aos movimentos socioeconômicos da sociedade informacional, esta tese teve por objeto de estudo a problematização da formação e atuação dos profissionais da informação, em especial, bibliotecários, arquivistas e museólogos, no Brasil. A partir da hipótese de que há divergências na sociedade e na comunidade científica nas interpretações do que é o trabalho do profissional da informação, que repercutem na formação acadêmica, e dispersão quanto aos caminhos que a categoria profissional deve tomar, mediante o estabelecimento da \"sociedade da informação\", este estudo se propôs a responder a seguinte questão: a pesquisa brasileira sobre formação do profissional da informação aponta caminhos para o ensino de graduação neste novo contexto? Assim, apresenta um panorama quali-quantitativo sobre a produção científica brasileira sobre Formação do Profissional da Informação, abrangendo o período de 2007 a 2016. A metodologia adotada é exploratória e documental, de caráter quali-quantitativo envolvendo: levantamento, seleção e revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema formação e trabalho. Sustenta-se na literatura da área, na produção acadêmica da pós-graduação desenvolvidas nos Programas de Pós-graduação em Ciência da Informação [mestrados e doutorados]; nos artigos científicos publicados nos Anais do ENANCIB, e artigos de periódicos na base BRAPCI. A investigação contemplou pesquisas sob o enfoque da formação e trabalho, desenvolvimento e perspectivas do campo da educação na área da Informação. A análise dos dados foi executada a partir dos métodos bibliométricos e análise de conteúdo. Os resultados demonstram que esses profissionais têm reconhecimento na sociedade, mas ainda estão associados aos lugares tradicionais de acervos físicos, para o senso comum; são valorizados nas áreas de ensino, pesquisa e inovação, de modo que podemos afirmar que essas profissões deixaram de atuar na função \"meio\", para se tornarem \"profissões fim\"; há evidências sobre a necessidade de mudanças quanto aos conteúdos curriculares, mas percebe-se divergências, que alcançam o escopo da profissão e sua identidade. Como sugestões para subsidiar as discussões, a fim de realinhar a formação na Graduação, deve-se considerar empreender esforços para superar o impasse na implementação do estágio curricular, que tem enfrentado tensões entre seus objetivos acadêmicos e a limitação imposta pelas associações e conselhos de classe, que, ao exigirem profissionais credenciados nos respectivos conselhos para orientação do aluno na instituição concedente de estágio, acabam por limitar a exploração de novos espaços profissionais pelos futuros graduados; urge incentivar a aproximação entre entidades de classe, pesquisadores e profissionais da área para o desenvolvimento de projetos compartilhados a formação qualificada.In the context of the current changes in the world of work associated with the socioeconomic movements of the information society, this thesis had the purpose of studying the problematization of training and the work of information professionals, especially librarians, archivists and museologists in Brazil. Based on the hypothesis that there is a divergence in the interpretation of the work of the information professional in society and in the scientific community, which has repercussions on the academic formation and dispersion as to the paths that the professional category should take by establishing the \" information society \", this study proposes to answer the following question: does the Brazilian research on information professional training point out ways to undergraduate teaching in this new context? Thus, it presents an analysis on the work world of the information professional and the new demands for the professional exercise and a qualitative-quantitative panorama on the Brazilian scientific production on Information Professional Training covering the period from 2007 to 2016. The methodology adopted is exploratory and documental one, with a qualitative and quantitative character, involving: survey, selection and bibliographical review on the subject of training and work. It is based on the literature of the area, from the postgraduate developed in the Postgraduate Programs in Information Science [masters and doctorates]; scientific articles published in the Annals of ENANCIB, and periodicals related articles on the BRAPCI database. The research contemplated research under the focus of training and work, development and perspectives of the field of education in the area of Information. Data analysis was performed using bibliometric methods and content analysis. The results demonstrate that these professionals have recognition in society, but are still associated with the traditional places of physical collections, for common sense; are valued in the areas of teaching, research and innovation, so that these professions leave out to function in the \"middle\" function, to become \"end professions\"; there is evidence about the need for changes in curricular content, but there are differences that reach the scope of the profession and its identity. As suggestions to subsidize the discussions in order to realign graduation training, efforts should be made to overcome the impasse in the implementation of the curricular internship, which has faced tensions between its academic objectives and the limitation imposed by the associations and class councils, which, by requiring accredited professionals in their respective boards to guide the student in the granting institution of internship, end up limiting the exploration of new professional spaces by future graduates; it is urgent to encourage the approximation between class entities, researchers and professionals in the area for the development of shared projects to qualified training