42 research outputs found
The AGN contribution to the UV-FIR luminosities of interacting galaxies and its role in identifying the Main Sequence
Emission from active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is known to play an important
role in the evolution of many galaxies including luminous and ultraluminous
systems (U/LIRGs), as well as merging systems. However, the extent, duration,
and exact effects of its influence are still imperfectly understood. To assess
the impact of AGNs on interacting systems, we present a Spectral Energy
Distribution (SED) analysis of a sample of 189 nearby galaxies. We gather and
systematically re-reduce archival broad-band imaging mosaics from the
ultraviolet to the far-infrared using data from GALEX, SDSS, 2MASS, IRAS, WISE,
Spitzer and Herschel. We use spectroscopy from Spitzer/IRS to obtain fluxes
from fine-structure lines that trace star formation and AGN activity. Utilizing
the SED modelling and fitting tool CIGALE, we derive the physical conditions of
the ISM, both in star-forming regions and in nuclear regions dominated by the
AGN in these galaxies. We investigate how the star formation rates (SFRs) and
the fractional AGN contributions () depend on stellar mass,
galaxy type, and merger stage. We find that luminous galaxies more massive than
about are likely to deviate significantly from the
conventional galaxy main-sequence relation. Interestingly, infrared AGN
luminosity and stellar mass in this set of objects are much tighter than SFR
and stellar mass. We find that buried AGNs may occupy a locus between bright
starbursts and pure AGNs in the -[Ne V]/[Ne II] plane. We
identify a modest correlation between and mergers in their later
stages.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS; 24 pages, 15 figures, 3 tables
(plus appendix
Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study
Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research
The PREDICTS database: a global database of how local terrestrial biodiversity responds to human impacts
Biodiversity continues to decline in the face of increasing anthropogenic pressures
such as habitat destruction, exploitation, pollution and introduction of
alien species. Existing global databases of species’ threat status or population
time series are dominated by charismatic species. The collation of datasets with
broad taxonomic and biogeographic extents, and that support computation of
a range of biodiversity indicators, is necessary to enable better understanding of
historical declines and to project – and avert – future declines. We describe and
assess a new database of more than 1.6 million samples from 78 countries representing
over 28,000 species, collated from existing spatial comparisons of
local-scale biodiversity exposed to different intensities and types of anthropogenic
pressures, from terrestrial sites around the world. The database contains
measurements taken in 208 (of 814) ecoregions, 13 (of 14) biomes, 25 (of 35)
biodiversity hotspots and 16 (of 17) megadiverse countries. The database contains
more than 1% of the total number of all species described, and more than
1% of the described species within many taxonomic groups – including flowering
plants, gymnosperms, birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, beetles, lepidopterans
and hymenopterans. The dataset, which is still being added to, is
therefore already considerably larger and more representative than those used
by previous quantitative models of biodiversity trends and responses. The database
is being assembled as part of the PREDICTS project (Projecting Responses
of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems – www.predicts.org.uk).
We make site-level summary data available alongside this article. The full database
will be publicly available in 2015
Early mobilisation in critically ill COVID-19 patients: a subanalysis of the ESICM-initiated UNITE-COVID observational study
Background
Early mobilisation (EM) is an intervention that may improve the outcome of critically ill patients. There is limited data on EM in COVID-19 patients and its use during the first pandemic wave.
Methods
This is a pre-planned subanalysis of the ESICM UNITE-COVID, an international multicenter observational study involving critically ill COVID-19 patients in the ICU between February 15th and May 15th, 2020. We analysed variables associated with the initiation of EM (within 72 h of ICU admission) and explored the impact of EM on mortality, ICU and hospital length of stay, as well as discharge location. Statistical analyses were done using (generalised) linear mixed-effect models and ANOVAs.
Results
Mobilisation data from 4190 patients from 280 ICUs in 45 countries were analysed. 1114 (26.6%) of these patients received mobilisation within 72 h after ICU admission; 3076 (73.4%) did not. In our analysis of factors associated with EM, mechanical ventilation at admission (OR 0.29; 95% CI 0.25, 0.35; p = 0.001), higher age (OR 0.99; 95% CI 0.98, 1.00; p ≤ 0.001), pre-existing asthma (OR 0.84; 95% CI 0.73, 0.98; p = 0.028), and pre-existing kidney disease (OR 0.84; 95% CI 0.71, 0.99; p = 0.036) were negatively associated with the initiation of EM. EM was associated with a higher chance of being discharged home (OR 1.31; 95% CI 1.08, 1.58; p = 0.007) but was not associated with length of stay in ICU (adj. difference 0.91 days; 95% CI − 0.47, 1.37, p = 0.34) and hospital (adj. difference 1.4 days; 95% CI − 0.62, 2.35, p = 0.24) or mortality (OR 0.88; 95% CI 0.7, 1.09, p = 0.24) when adjusted for covariates.
Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate that a quarter of COVID-19 patients received EM. There was no association found between EM in COVID-19 patients' ICU and hospital length of stay or mortality. However, EM in COVID-19 patients was associated with increased odds of being discharged home rather than to a care facility.
Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04836065 (retrospectively registered April 8th 2021)
The Design and Prototyping of a Medical Lifting Device
The goal of this project was to design and prototype an affordable, mobile and more compact medical lifting device that can safely lift an immobile patient from a bed to a any given point without requiring an external electrical power source. The project aims to decrease the number of back injuries reported by nursing assistants, completing the lifting process mechanically opposed to manually. The final design was manufactured into a prototype made of Aluminum. In conclusion, the Medical Lifting prototype can lift up to 275 lbs. Additionally, when stored, fits inside a 33 in. X 25 in. X 60 in. cube. Finally, to increase the strength and safety of this device, the team made recommendations to redesign a more durable model in the future
AxFoundation/strax: v1.5.4
What's Changed
Split compare_metadata into utils.compare_meta by @dachengx in https://github.com/AxFoundation/strax/pull/754
Change endtime - time >= 0 to endtime >= time by @JYangQi00 in https://github.com/AxFoundation/strax/pull/756
Mandatorily wrap _read_chunk in a check_chunk_n decorator by @dachengx in https://github.com/AxFoundation/strax/pull/758
New Contributors
@JYangQi00 made their first contribution in https://github.com/AxFoundation/strax/pull/756
Full Changelog: https://github.com/AxFoundation/strax/compare/v1.5.3...v1.5.
Tip60 Is Required for DNA Interstrand Cross-link Repair in the Fanconi Anemia Pathway*
The disease Fanconi anemia is a genome instability syndrome characterized
by cellular sensitivity to DNA interstrand cross-linking agents, manifest by
decreased cellular survival and chromosomal aberrations after such treatment.
There are at least 13 proteins acting in the pathway, with the FANCD2 protein
apparently functioning as a late term effecter in the maintenance of genome
stability. We find that the chromatin remodeling protein, Tip60, interacts
directly with the FANCD2 protein in a yeast two-hybrid system. This
interaction has been confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization
using both endogenous and epitope-tagged FANCD2 and Tip60 from human cells.
The observation of decreased cellular survival after exposure to mitomycin C
in normal fibroblasts depleted for Tip60 indicates a direct function in
interstrand cross-link repair. The coincident function of Tip60 and FANCD2 in
one pathway is supported by the finding that depletion of Tip60 in Fanconi
anemia cells does not increase sensitivity to DNA cross-links. However,
depletion of Tip60 did not reduce monoubiquitination of FANCD2 or its
localization to nuclear foci following DNA damage. The observations indicate
that Fanconi anemia proteins act in concert with chromatin remodeling
functions to maintain genome stability after DNA cross-link damage