Knowledge intensive service activities (KISAs) in Korea's innovation system

노트 : This is submitted to the Korea Development Institute as the Final Report of “Analysis on Knowledge-Intensive Service Activities in Korea’s Innovation System”, in fulfillment of the Contract between KDI and STEPI. This Research is Fully Sponsored by Strategic Research Partnership of Korea Development Institute

A sustainable pavement concrete using warm mix asphalt and hydrated lime treated recycled concrete aggregates

Recently, increasing material prices coupled with more acute environmental awareness and the implementation of regulation has driven a strong movement toward the adoption of sustainable construction technology. In the pavement industry, using low temperature asphalt mixes and recycled concrete aggregate are viewed as effective engineering solutions to address the challenges posed by climate change and sustainable development. However, to date, no research has investigated these two factors simultaneously for pavement material. This paper reports on initial work which attempts to address this shortcoming. At first, a novel treatment method is used to improve the quality of recycled concrete coarse aggregates. Thereafter, the treated recycled aggregates were used in warm mix asphalt at varied rates to replace virgin raw coarse aggregates. The asphalt concrete mixes produced were tested for modulus, tensile strength, permanent deformation, moisture susceptibility and fatigue life. The comparison of these properties with that of the mixes using the same rates of untreated course aggregates from the same source has demonstrated the effectiveness of the new technology. Lastly, the cost, material and energy saving implications are discussed

Angle Specific Isokinetic Metrics Highlight Strength Training Needs of Elite Youth Soccer Players

The purpose of this study was to assess traditional and angle-specific isokinetic strength of eccentric knee flexors (eccKF) and concentric knee extensors (conKE) between senior professional and youth soccer players. 34 male soccer players (17 senior and 17 youth) were recruited for bilateral assessments at 180, 270 and 60°∙s-1. Peak torque (PT), dynamic control ratio (DCR), angle of peak torque (APT), functional range (FR), angle specific torque (AST) and angle specific DCR (DCRAST) were compared. EccKF and conKE PT (P = 0.782) and DCR (P = 0.508) were not different between groups across all angular velocities. Significant differences were identified for eccKF APT (P = 0.018) and FR (P = 0.006), DCRAST at 270°∙s-1 (P = 0.031) and in AST data recorded across angular velocities for eccKF and conKE (P = 0.003). Traditional strength measures were not sensitive to playing age, with implications for misinterpretation in training prescription. In contrast, AST data did differentiate between ages. Strength deficits which highlight the muscle contraction type, angular velocity and joint angle can be manipulated within an individualized training intervention. Given the relevance to injury aetiology, this study highlights potential implications for improved assessment strategies to inform training prescription for performance and injury prevention. Given the high number of injuries in adolescent soccer players, and in line with previous recommendations, practitioners should consider utilising more informed and specific strength and conditioning practices at younger ages

A remotely accessible plant-based culinary intervention for Latina/o/x adults at risk for diabetes: lessons learned

Introduction: Little research has examined how community-engaged and -participatory dietary interventions adapted to remotely-accessible settings during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objectives: To identify lessons learned in design, implementation, and evaluation of a remotely-accessible, community-based, nurse-led approach of a culturally-tailored whole food plant-based culinary intervention for Latina/o/x adults to reduce type 2 diabetes risk, delivered during a pandemic. Methods: A mixed methods quasi-experimental design consisting of a pre-post evaluation comprised of questionnaires, culinary classes, biometrics, and focus groups. Lessons learned: Community partnerships are essential for successful recruitment/retention. To optimally deliver a remotely-accessible intervention, community leadership and study volunteers should be included in every decision (e.g., timeframes, goals). Recommendations include managing recruitment and supply chain disruption of intervention supplies. Conclusion: Future research should focus on increasing accessibility and engagement in minoritized and/or underserved communities, supply chain including quality assurance and delivery of services/goods, study design for sustainable, remotely-accessible interventions, and health promotion

Phosphate concentration and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation influence the growth, yield and expression of twelve PHT1 family phosphate transporters in foxtail millet (Setaria italica)

Phosphorus (P) is an essential element which plays several key roles in all living organisms. Setaria italica (foxtail millet) is a model species for panacoid grasses including several millet species widely grown in arid regions of Asia and Africa, and for the bioenergy crop switchgrass. The growth responses of S. italica to different levels of inorganic phosphate (Pi) and to colonisation with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Funneliformis mosseae (syn. Glomus mosseae) were studied. Phosphate is taken up from the environment by the PHT1 family of plant phosphate transporters, which have been well characterized in several plant species. Bioinformatic analysis identified 12 members of the PHT1 gene family (SiPHT1;1-1;12) in S. italica, and RT and qPCR analysis showed that most of these transporters displayed specific expression patterns with respect to tissue, phosphate status and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation. SiPHT1;2 was found to be expressed in all tissues and in all growth conditions tested. In contrast, expression of SiPHT1;4 was induced in roots after 15 days growth in hydroponic medium of low Pi concentration. Expression of SiPHT1;8 and SiPHT1;9 in roots was selectively induced by colonisation with F. mosseae. SiPHT1;3 and SiPHT1;4 were found to be predominantly expressed in leaf and root tissues respectively. Several other transporters were expressed in shoots and leaves during growth in low Pi concentrations. This study will form the basis for the further characterization of these transporters, with the long term goal of improving the phosphate use efficiency of foxtail millet

"Potentialities or Possibilities": Towards Quantum Information Science?

The use of quantum concepts and formalisms in the information sciences is assessed through an analysis of published literature. Five categories are identified: use of loose analogies and metaphors between concepts in quantum physics and library/information science; use of quantum concepts and formalisms in information retrieval; use of quantum concepts and formalisms in studying meaning and concepts; quantum social science, in areas adjacent to information science; and the qualitative application of quantum concepts in the information disciplines. Quantum issues have led to demonstrable progress in information retrieval and semantic modelling, with less clear-cut progress elsewhere. Whether there may be a future “quantum turn” in the information sciences is debated, the implications of such a turn are considered, and a research agenda outlined

The Wadi Jawrah Mimusops Garden

The Wadi Jawrah Mimusops Garden is a new botanic garden which is under construction on a 25ha site in Jizan province, southern Saudi Arabia. The garden is being established around a stand of 14 Mimusops laurifolia (Forssk) Friis trees, the second largest stand of this species in the Arabian Peninsula. The major objectives of this garden are to conserve these trees, recreate the rare valley forest habitat of which they are characteristic, establish a nursery for the propagation and ecological restoration of rare species, and to provide a valuable resource for conservation education in the region. This paper covers these aims, the conservation importance of M. laurifolia and valley forest and some challenges and recommendations for the new garden

ANALISIS PERBUATAN MELAWAN HUKUM OLEH PEMERINTAH PADA KASUS TUMPAHAN MINYAK DI BALIKPAPAN

Minyak bumi merupakan bahan bakar paling banyak digunakan oleh kendaraan bermotor dewasa ini. Meski kendaraan listrik sudah hadir, tetap minyak bumi yang menjadi pilihan utama. Salah satu BUMN yang mengelola bahan tambang ini adalah PT Pertamina. Walaupun berstatus sebagai BUMN, tapi kegiatan mal administrasi tetaplah tidak bisa dihindarkan. Talang minyak yang terletak di pesisir pantai memiliki dampak sangat besar bagi habitat yang ada disana jika terjadi kerusakan atau kesalahan dari perusahaan tersebut. Seperti yang terjadi pada kasus tumpahan minyak di Balikpapan oleh PT Pertamina. Berlandaskan dari latar belakang tersebut maka tersusun dua rumusan masalah yaitu: 1. Bagaimana analisis PMHP terhadap kasus tersebut? 2. Bagaimana akibat hukum dan dampak lingkungan dari kasus tersebut? Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis dan memahami bahwa adanya tindakan penyimpangan dari prosedur pada PT Pertamina yang bisa mengakibatkan dampak besar bagi lingkungan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah adanya bukti kesalahan serta pelanggaran yang dilakukan oleh PT Pertamina sehingga terbukti melakukan perbuatan melawan hukum oleh pemerintah dan mengakibatkan dampak buruk pada lingkungan sekitarnya. Kata Kunci: Balikpapan, Minyak Bumi, PMHP, PT Pertamin

Boron isotopes in foraminifera : systematics, biomineralisation, and CO2 reconstruction

Funding: Fellowship from University of St Andrews, $100 (pending) from Richard Zeebe, UK NERC grants NE/N003861/1 and NE/N011716/1.The boron isotope composition of foraminifera provides a powerful tracer for CO2 change over geological time. This proxy is based on the equilibrium of boron and its isotopes in seawater, which is a function of pH. However while the chemical principles underlying this proxy are well understood, its reliability has previously been questioned, due to the difficulty of boron isotope (δ11B) analysis on foraminferal samples and questions regarding calibrations between δ11B and pH. This chapter reviews the current state of the δ11B-pH proxy in foraminfera, including the pioneering studies that established this proxy’s potential, and the recent work that has improved understanding of boron isotope systematics in foraminifera and applied this tracer to the geological record. The theoretical background of the δ11B-pH proxy is introduced, including an accurate formulation of the boron isotope mass balance equations. Sample preparation and analysis procedures are then reviewed, with discussion of sample cleaning, the potential influence of diagenesis, and the strengths and weaknesses of boron purification by column chromatography versus microsublimation, and analysis by NTIMS versus MC-ICPMS. The systematics of boron isotopes in foraminifera are discussed in detail, including results from benthic and planktic taxa, and models of boron incorporation, fractionation, and biomineralisation. Benthic taxa from the deep ocean have δ11B within error of borate ion at seawater pH. This is most easily explained by simple incorporation of borate ion at the pH of seawater. Planktic foraminifera have δ11B close to borate ion, but with minor offsets. These may be driven by physiological influences on the foraminiferal microenvironment; a novel explanation is also suggested for the reduced δ11B-pH sensitivities observed in culture, based on variable calcification rates. Biomineralisation influences on boron isotopes are then explored, addressing the apparently contradictory observations that foraminifera manipulate pH during chamber formation yet their δ11B appears to record the pH of ambient seawater. Potential solutions include the influences of magnesium-removal and carbon concentration, and the possibility that pH elevation is most pronounced during initial chamber formation under favourable environmental conditions. The steps required to reconstruct pH and pCO2 from δ11B are then reviewed, including the influence of seawater chemistry on boron equilibrium, the evolution of seawater δ11B, and the influence of second carbonate system parameters on δ11B-based reconstructions of pCO2. Applications of foraminiferal δ11B to the geological record are highlighted, including studies that trace CO2 storage and release during recent ice ages, and reconstructions of pCO2 over the Cenozoic. Relevant computer codes and data associated with this article are made available online.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Population‐based cohort study of outcomes following cholecystectomy for benign gallbladder diseases

Background The aim was to describe the management of benign gallbladder disease and identify characteristics associated with all‐cause 30‐day readmissions and complications in a prospective population‐based cohort. Methods Data were collected on consecutive patients undergoing cholecystectomy in acute UK and Irish hospitals between 1 March and 1 May 2014. Potential explanatory variables influencing all‐cause 30‐day readmissions and complications were analysed by means of multilevel, multivariable logistic regression modelling using a two‐level hierarchical structure with patients (level 1) nested within hospitals (level 2). Results Data were collected on 8909 patients undergoing cholecystectomy from 167 hospitals. Some 1451 cholecystectomies (16·3 per cent) were performed as an emergency, 4165 (46·8 per cent) as elective operations, and 3293 patients (37·0 per cent) had had at least one previous emergency admission, but had surgery on a delayed basis. The readmission and complication rates at 30 days were 7·1 per cent (633 of 8909) and 10·8 per cent (962 of 8909) respectively. Both readmissions and complications were independently associated with increasing ASA fitness grade, duration of surgery, and increasing numbers of emergency admissions with gallbladder disease before cholecystectomy. No identifiable hospital characteristics were linked to readmissions and complications. Conclusion Readmissions and complications following cholecystectomy are common and associated with patient and disease characteristics