Hasil cek similarity" Effect of subchronic administration of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt) ethanolic extract to hematological parametersin rat"

M S Bachri, S Yuliani, A K Sar

Diagnostic and methodological evaluation of studies on the urinary shedding of SARS-CoV-2, compared to stool and serum: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Investigating the infectivity of body fluid can be useful for preventative measures in the community and ensuring safety in the operating rooms and on the laboratory practices. We performed a literature search of clinical trials, cohorts, and case series using PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Cochrane library, and downloadable database of CDC. We excluded case reports and searched all-language articles for review and repeated until the final drafting. The search protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database. Thirty studies with urinary sampling for viral shedding were included. A total number of 1,271 patients were enrolled initially, among which 569 patients had undergone urinary testing. Nine studies observed urinary viral shedding in urine from 41 patients. The total incidence of urinary SARS-CoV-2 shedding was 8, compared to 21.3 and 39.5 for blood and stool, respectively. The summarized risk ratio (RR) estimates for urine positive rates compared to the pharyngeal rate was 0.08. The pertaining RR urine compared to blood and stool positive rates were 0.20 and 0.33, respectively. Our review concludes that not only the SARS-CoV-2 can be excreted in the urine in eight percent of patients but also its incidence may have associations with the severity of the systemic disease, ICU admission, and fatality rates. Moreover, the findings in our review suggest that a larger population size may reveal more positive urinary cases possibly by minimizing biases

Magnetic Braking in Differentially Rotating, Relativistic Stars

We study the magnetic braking and viscous damping of differential rotation in incompressible, uniform density stars in general relativity. Differentially rotating stars can support significantly more mass in equilibrium than nonrotating or uniformly rotating stars. The remnant of a binary neutron star merger or supernova core collapse may produce such a "hypermassive" neutron star. Although a hypermassive neutron star may be stable on a dynamical timescale, magnetic braking and viscous damping of differential rotation will ultimately alter the equilibrium structure, possibly leading to delayed catastrophic collapse. Here we consider the slow-rotation, weak-magnetic field limit in which E_rot << E_mag << W, where E_rot is the rotational kinetic energy, E_mag is the magnetic energy, and W is the gravitational binding energy of the star. We assume the system to be axisymmetric and solve the MHD equations in both Newtonian gravitation and general relativity. Toroidal magnetic fields are generated whenever the angular velocity varies along the initial poloidal field lines. We find that the toroidal fields and angular velocities oscillate independently along each poloidal field line, which enables us to transform the original 2+1 equations into 1+1 form and solve them along each field line independently. The incoherent oscillations on different field lines stir up turbulent-like motion in tens of Alfven timescales ("phase mixing"). In the presence of viscosity, the stars eventually are driven to uniform rotation, with the energy contained in the initial differential rotation going into heat. Our evolution calculations serve as qualitative guides and benchmarks for future, more realistic MHD simulations in full 3+1 general relativity.Comment: 26 pages, 27 graphs, 1 table, accepted for publication by Phys. Rev.

Materiality, health informatics and the limits of knowledge production

© IFIP International Federation for Information Processing 2014 Contemporary societies increasingly rely on complex and sophisticated information systems for a wide variety of tasks and, ultimately, knowledge about the world in which we live. Those systems are central to the kinds of problems our systems and sub-systems face such as health and medical diagnosis, treatment and care. While health information systems represent a continuously expanding field of knowledge production, we suggest that they carry forward significant limitations, particularly in their claims to represent human beings as living creatures and in their capacity to critically reflect on the social, cultural and political origins of many forms of data ‘representation’. In this paper we take these ideas and explore them in relation to the way we see healthcare information systems currently functioning. We offer some examples from our own experience in healthcare settings to illustrate how unexamined ideas about individuals, groups and social categories of people continue to influence health information systems and practices as well as their resulting knowledge production. We suggest some ideas for better understanding how and why this still happens and look to a future where the reflexivity of healthcare administration, the healthcare professions and the information sciences might better engage with these issues. There is no denying the role of health informatics in contemporary healthcare systems but their capacity to represent people in those datascapes has a long way to go if the categories they use to describe and analyse human beings are to produce meaningful knowledge about the social world and not simply to replicate past ideologies of those same categories

Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and life expectancy, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

BACKGROUND: Assessments of age-specific mortality and life expectancy have been done by the UN Population Division, Department of Economics and Social Affairs (UNPOP), the United States Census Bureau, WHO, and as part of previous iterations of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD). Previous iterations of the GBD used population estimates from UNPOP, which were not derived in a way that was internally consistent with the estimates of the numbers of deaths in the GBD. The present iteration of the GBD, GBD 2017, improves on previous assessments and provides timely estimates of the mortality experience of populations globally. METHODS: The GBD uses all available data to produce estimates of mortality rates between 1950 and 2017 for 23 age groups, both sexes, and 918 locations, including 195 countries and territories and subnational locations for 16 countries. Data used include vital registration systems, sample registration systems, household surveys (complete birth histories, summary birth histories, sibling histories), censuses (summary birth histories, household deaths), and Demographic Surveillance Sites. In total, this analysis used 8259 data sources. Estimates of the probability of death between birth and the age of 5 years and between ages 15 and 60 years are generated and then input into a model life table system to produce complete life tables for all locations and years. Fatal discontinuities and mortality due to HIV/AIDS are analysed separately and then incorporated into the estimation. We analyse the relationship between age-specific mortality and development status using the Socio-demographic Index, a composite measure based on fertility under the age of 25 years, education, and income. There are four main methodological improvements in GBD 2017 compared with GBD 2016: 622 additional data sources have been incorporated; new estimates of population, generated by the GBD study, are used; statistical methods used in different components of the analysis have been further standardised and improved; and the analysis has been extended backwards in time by two decades to start in 1950. FINDINGS: Globally, 18·7% (95% uncertainty interval 18·4–19·0) of deaths were registered in 1950 and that proportion has been steadily increasing since, with 58·8% (58·2–59·3) of all deaths being registered in 2015. At the global level, between 1950 and 2017, life expectancy increased from 48·1 years (46·5–49·6) to 70·5 years (70·1–70·8) for men and from 52·9 years (51·7–54·0) to 75·6 years (75·3–75·9) for women. Despite this overall progress, there remains substantial variation in life expectancy at birth in 2017, which ranges from 49·1 years (46·5–51·7) for men in the Central African Republic to 87·6 years (86·9–88·1) among women in Singapore. The greatest progress across age groups was for children younger than 5 years; under-5 mortality dropped from 216·0 deaths (196·3–238·1) per 1000 livebirths in 1950 to 38·9 deaths (35·6–42·83) per 1000 livebirths in 2017, with huge reductions across countries. Nevertheless, there were still 5·4 million (5·2–5·6) deaths among children younger than 5 years in the world in 2017. Progress has been less pronounced and more variable for adults, especially for adult males, who had stagnant or increasing mortality rates in several countries. The gap between male and female life expectancy between 1950 and 2017, while relatively stable at the global level, shows distinctive patterns across super-regions and has consistently been the largest in central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia, and smallest in south Asia. Performance was also variable across countries and time in observed mortality rates compared with those expected on the basis of development. INTERPRETATION: This analysis of age-sex-specific mortality shows that there are remarkably complex patterns in population mortality across countries. The findings of this study highlight global successes, such as the large decline in under-5 mortality, which reflects significant local, national, and global commitment and investment over several decades. However, they also bring attention to mortality patterns that are a cause for concern, particularly among adult men and, to a lesser extent, women, whose mortality rates have stagnated in many countries over the time period of this study, and in some cases are increasing

Effect of dentin desensitizers and Nd:YAG laser pre-treatment on microshear bond strength of adhesive resin cement to dentin

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate how microshear bond strength of different adhesive resin cements are affected by dentin desensitizers application and preparation depth. Materials and Methods: One hundred and forty-four maxillary incisors were randomly divided into two groups according to dentin preparation depth (0.8 and 1 mm) and each group subdivided into four dentin desensitizers, Nd:YAG (Neodymium-doped Yttrium aluminum Garnet) laser and control groups. The dentin desensitizers used were Gluma [Glutaraldehyde/ Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)], BisBlock (Oxalate) Vivasens-Potassium Fluoride (KF) and Admira Protect (Ormocer/HEMA), respectively. Three dual cure resin based luting cement (RelyX ARC; Variolink II and Maxcem Elite) were used to create a 0.7 mm diameter and 1 mm height cylindirical shape buid-up in tygon tubes (n=10). Micro-shear bond strength (µSBS) test was performed at a crosshead of speed of 0.5 mm/min using a Universal testing device. Then tooth surface was investigated by steromicroscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U and Chi-Square (X2) tests. (p = 0.05) Results: There was no statistically difference between the groups at 0.8 mm preparation depth. At 1 mm preparation dept RelyX ARC + Gluma groups' mean bond strength value (23.96 ± 6.66 MPa) was found statistically lower according to the other groups (p &lt; 0.05). RelyX ARC + Laser groups' mean bond strength value (37.33 ± 7.39 MPa) was found statistically higher according to the other groups (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: The use of desensitizing agents affected the bond strength of the resin cements to superficial dentin. Gluma desensitizer affected negatively µSBS of RelyX ARC resin cement at 1 mm depth. Application of Nd:YAG laser to superficial dentin showed positive effects to the dentin surface and bond strength. Other desensitizing agents showed no significant effects on the resin bond strength (p &gt; 0.05). © 2019 Cumhuriyet Dental Journal.Firat University Scientific Research Projects Management UnitThis work is based on a thesis submitted to the Cumhuriyet University Institute of Health Sciences, for the PhD Degree. and also supported by Cumhuriyet University Scientific Research Projects Governing Unit [Project Number: DIS.68]

Usage of fenton reagent in local tannery wastewater bioremediation

The tannery industry produces liquid wastewater containing high organic and inorganic pollutants. This study aims to determine the effect of Fenton reagent as a bioremediation agent in tannery wastewater treatment. The material used in this study was tannery wastewater from the local leather industry in Bantul, Yogyakarta. This study was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design with triplicates for each treatment, and the result was analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan Multiple range test for the significant difference. The treatment consisted of 4 different concentrations of the Fenton reagent addition P0 (0), P1 (0.2), P2 (0.4), and P3 (0.6). The BOD, COD, TS, total chrome (Cr), and chrome hexavalent (Cr (VI)) content were observed in this research. This study showed that Fenton reagent's addition at different concentrations had no significant effect (P>0.05) on the BOD content. However, it has a significant effect (P<0.05) on increasing the value of TS, TSS. However, it decreased the value of COD, Total Cr, and Cr (VI). The addition of 0.6 in P3 had the highest effect by reducing 66.7 COD, 11.8 of total chrome (Cr), and 11.5 of Cr (VI). It could be concluded that the addition of the Fenton reagent until 0.6 of this study has not been able to meet the standard quality standard for tannery wastewater. However, it was able to reduce inorganic pollutants, especially in Cr (VI). Combining several methods in bioremediation with the Fenton reagent may important for further study on tannery wastewater treatment. © 2021 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved

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Buku ini berisi berbagai cermin perilaku peduli, baik terhadap sesama manusia maupun lingkungan sekitarnya.iv, 64 hlm.: ilus.; 30 cm