Pemberian Pupuk Bokashi Dan Limbah Cair Peternakan Sapi Pada Bibit Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) Di Pembibitan Utama

Oil palm production in the field is determined by the quality of seeds. To improve the quality of seeds is need for additional efforts of Bokashi fertilizer and liquid waste of cow farms.This study aimed to determine the effect of Bokashi fertilizer and liquid waste of cow farms and their combinations on the growth and development of oil palm seedling (ElaeisguineensisJacq.) in the main nursery. Next, to determine the best dose and concentration of Bokashi waste for seedling growth and development of oil palm (ElaeisguineensisJacq.) in the main nursery. This research was conducted at the experimental farm of the Agriculture Faculty, University of Riau in February to May 2015. This study was conducted using factorial CRD, the first factor is B1: Bokashi 2 tons/ha, B2: Bokashi 4 ton/ha and B3: Bokashi 6 tons/ha. The second factor is the liquid waste of cow farms that is U1: concentration of 300 ml/l, U2: concentration of 400 ml/l and U3: the concentration of 50 ml/l. Data were examined using analysis of variance and mean separation by DNMRT at 5%. The parametersthose measured were seedling height increment, number of leaves, stem diameter increment, fresh weight and seedling dry weight. The results showed that the combination of Bokashi fertilizer and liquid waste of cow on the palm oil main nurseryare not significant on all parameters. The best result gained by the combination of Bokashi fertilizer and liquid waste of cow farms at the doses of 20 g/polybag and 500 ml/l of water

Plankton composition and environmental parameters in the habitat of the Iranian cave barb (Iranocypris typhlops) in Iran

La composición planctónica y los parámetros ambientales en el hábitat del barbo cavernícola iraní Iranocypris typhlops El barbo cavernícola iraní, Iranocypris typhlops (Bruun & Kaiser, 1944) es una especie catalogada como “Vulnerable” en la Lista Roja de la IUCN. Endémica de una única localidad situada en las montañas Zagros, en Irán occidental. Se trata de una especie omnívora que depende del plancton para alimentarse. Se estudió la distribución espacial y estacional del plancton en el hábitat original del barbo cavernícola iraní entre mayo de 2012 y febrero de 2013. Se midieron varios parámetros ambientales y se relacionaron con la distribución del plancton. La comunidad planctónica comprendía 13 géneros y cinco especies. El filo Rotifera tenía el mayor número de géneros (4) y de especies (4), seguido por Arthropoda (3), Ochrophyta (3), Myzozoa (2), Charophyta (2), Chlorophyta (2), Ciliophora (1) y Cryptophyta (1). Por lo que respecta a la cantidad, las especies dominantes de fitoplancton y zooplancton fueron Achnanthidium sp. y Lecane sp. Los coeficientes de correlación de Pearson pusieron de manifiesto que la relación entre las comunidades de plancton y los parámetros ambientales era baja pero significativa. Entre los parámetros ambientales, el total de sólidos en suspensión y la turbidez parecieron ser los más influyentes en la distribución temporal de las especies de plancton. Asimismo, se observó que el oxígeno disuelto desempeñaba una función importante para la mayoría de las especies de plancton, al igual que la temperatura para la mayoría de las especies de zooplancton. La diversidad y la abundancia de fitoplancton y zooplancton eran bajas durante todo el año en la cueva con una media anual de 96,4 ind./l y no mostraron ningún máximo durante el año.La composición planctónica y los parámetros ambientales en el hábitat del barbo cavernícola iraní Iranocypris typhlops El barbo cavernícola iraní, Iranocypris typhlops (Bruun & Kaiser, 1944) es una especie catalogada como “Vulnerable” en la Lista Roja de la IUCN. Endémica de una única localidad situada en las montañas Zagros, en Irán occidental. Se trata de una especie omnívora que depende del plancton para alimentarse. Se estudió la distribución espacial y estacional del plancton en el hábitat original del barbo cavernícola iraní entre mayo de 2012 y febrero de 2013. Se midieron varios parámetros ambientales y se relacionaron con la distribución del plancton. La comunidad planctónica comprendía 13 géneros y cinco especies. El filo Rotifera tenía el mayor número de géneros (4) y de especies (4), seguido por Arthropoda (3), Ochrophyta (3), Myzozoa (2), Charophyta (2), Chlorophyta (2), Ciliophora (1) y Cryptophyta (1). Por lo que respecta a la cantidad, las especies dominantes de fitoplancton y zooplancton fueron Achnanthidium sp. y Lecane sp. Los coeficientes de correlación de Pearson pusieron de manifiesto que la relación entre las comunidades de plancton y los parámetros ambientales era baja pero significativa. Entre los parámetros ambientales, el total de sólidos en suspensión y la turbidez parecieron ser los más influyentes en la distribución temporal de las especies de plancton. Asimismo, se observó que el oxígeno disuelto desempeñaba una función importante para la mayoría de las especies de plancton, al igual que la temperatura para la mayoría de las especies de zooplancton. La diversidad y la abundancia de fitoplancton y zooplancton eran bajas durante todo el año en la cueva con una media anual de 96,4 ind./l y no mostraron ningún máximo durante el año.The Iranian cave barb (Iranocypris typhlops Bruun & Kaiser, 1944) is ‘Vulnerable’ in the IUCN Red List. It is an endemic species of ray–finned fish of the family Cyprinidae from a single locality in the Zagros Mountains, western Iran. This species is an omnivore that depends on plankton for food. We studied the spatial and seasonal distribution of plankton in the native habitat of the Iranian cave barb between May 2012 and February 2013. We measured various environmental parameters and related these to plankton distribution. The plankton assemblage included 13 genera and five species. Rotifera had the highest number of genera (4) and species (4), followed by Arthropoda (3), Ochrophyta (3), Myzozoa (2), Charophyta (2), Chlorophyta (2), Ciliophora (1) and Cryptophyta (1). In terms of numbers, the dominant species of phytoplankton and zooplankton were Achnanthidium sp. and Lecane sp. Pearson correlation coefficients showed a low but significant relationship between plankton communities and environmental parameters. Among the environmental parameters, total suspended solids and turbidity seemed to have the most important influence on the temporal distribution of plankton species. We also observed that dissolved oxygen played an important role for most plankton species, as did temperature for most zooplankton species. The diversity and abundance of phytoplankton and zooplankton were low throughout the year in the cave with an annual mean of 96.4 ind./l and they did not show any peaks during the year

Identification of genetic factors influencing metabolic dysregulation and retinal support for MacTel, a retinal disorder

Macular Telangiectasia Type 2 (MacTel) is a rare degenerative retinal disease with complex genetic architecture. We performed a genome-wide association study on 1,067 MacTel patients and 3,799 controls, which identified eight novel genome-wide significant loci (p < 5 × 10−8), and confirmed all three previously reported loci. Using MAGMA, eQTL and transcriptome-wide association analysis, we prioritised 48 genes implicated in serine-glycine biosynthesis, metabolite transport, and retinal vasculature and thickness. Mendelian randomization indicated a likely causative role of serine (FDR = 3.9 × 10−47) and glycine depletion (FDR = 0.006) as well as alanine abundance (FDR = 0.009). Polygenic risk scoring achieved an accuracy of 0.74 and was associated in UKBiobank with retinal damage (p = 0.009). This represents the largest genetic study on MacTel to date and further highlights genetically-induced systemic and tissue-specific metabolic dysregulation in MacTel patients, which impinges on retinal health

Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017

A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic

Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017

A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4 (62.3 (55.1�70.8) million) to 6.4 (58.3 (47.6�70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization�s Global Nutrition Target of <5 in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2 (30 (22.8�38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0 (55.5 (44.8�67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic. © 2020, The Author(s)

Author Correction: Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017 (Nature Medicine, (2020), 26, 5, (750-759), 10.1038/s41591-020-0807-6)

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. © 2020, The Author(s)

Author Correction: Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017 (Nature Medicine, (2020), 26, 5, (750-759), 10.1038/s41591-020-0807-6)

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. © 2020, The Author(s)

Identifying a preservation zone using multi–criteria decision analysis

Zoning of a protected area is an approach to partition landscape into various land use units. The management of these landscape units can reduce conflicts caused by human activities. Tandoreh National Park is one of the most biologically diverse, protected areas in Iran. Although the area is generally designed to protect biodiversity, there are many conflicts between biodiversity conservation and human activities. For instance, the area is highly controversial and has been considered as an impediment to local economic development, such as tourism, grazing, road construction, and cultivation. In order to reduce human conflicts with biodiversity conservation in Tandoreh National Park, safe zones need to be established and human activities need to be moved out of the zones. In this study we used a systematic methodology to integrate a participatory process with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) using a multi–criteria decision analysis (MCDA) technique to guide a zoning scheme for the Tandoreh National Park, Iran. Our results show that the northern and eastern parts of the Tandoreh National Park that were close to rural areas and farmlands returned less desirability for selection as a preservation area. Rocky Mountains were the most important and most destructed areas and abandoned plains were the least important criteria for preservation in the area. Furthermore, the results reveal that the land properties were considered to be important for protection based on the obtain