1,969 research outputs found
Unlocking biomarker discovery: Large scale application of aptamer proteomic technology for early detection of lung cancer
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths, because ~84% of cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage. Worldwide in 2008, ~1.5 million people were diagnosed and ~1.3 million died – a survival rate unchanged since 1960. However, patients diagnosed at an early stage and have surgery experience an 86% overall 5-year survival. New diagnostics are therefore needed to identify lung cancer at this stage. Here we present the first large scale clinical use of aptamers to discover blood protein biomarkers in disease with our breakthrough proteomic technology. This multi-center case-control study was conducted in archived samples from 1,326 subjects from four independent studies of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in long-term tobacco-exposed populations. We measured >800 proteins in 15uL of serum, identified 44 candidate biomarkers, and developed a 12-protein panel that distinguished NSCLC from controls with 91% sensitivity and 84% specificity in a training set and 89% sensitivity and 83% specificity in a blinded, independent verification set. Performance was similar for early and late stage NSCLC. This is a significant advance in proteomics in an area of high clinical need
Dystrophin is a microtubule-associated protein
Cytolinkers are giant proteins that can stabilize cells by linking actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules (MTs) to transmembrane complexes. Dystrophin is functionally similar to cytolinkers, as it links the multiple components of the cellular cytoskeleton to the transmembrane dystroglycan complex. Although no direct link between dystrophin and MTs has been documented, costamere-associated MTs are disrupted when dystrophin is absent. Using tissue-based cosedimentation assays on mice expressing endogenous dystrophin or truncated transgene products, we find that constructs harboring spectrinlike repeat 24 through the first third of the WW domain cosediment with MTs. Purified Dp260, a truncated isoform of dystrophin, bound MTs with a Kd of 0.66 µM, a stoichiometry of 1 Dp260/1.4 tubulin heterodimer at saturation, and stabilizes MTs from cold-induced depolymerization. Finally, α- and β-tubulin expression is increased ∼2.5-fold in mdx skeletal muscle without altering the tubulin–MT equilibrium. Collectively, these data suggest dystrophin directly organizes and/or stabilizes costameric MTs and classifies dystrophin as a cytolinker in skeletal muscle
A search for resonant production of pairs in $4.8\ \rm{fb}^{-1}p\bar{p}\sqrt{s}=1.96\ \rm{TeV}$
We search for resonant production of tt pairs in 4.8 fb^{-1} integrated
luminosity of ppbar collision data at sqrt{s}=1.96 TeV in the lepton+jets decay
channel, where one top quark decays leptonically and the other hadronically. A
matrix element reconstruction technique is used; for each event a probability
density function (pdf) of the ttbar candidate invariant mass is sampled. These
pdfs are used to construct a likelihood function, whereby the cross section for
resonant ttbar production is estimated, given a hypothetical resonance mass and
width. The data indicate no evidence of resonant production of ttbar pairs. A
benchmark model of leptophobic Z \rightarrow ttbar is excluded with m_{Z'} <
900 GeV at 95% confidence level.Comment: accepted for publication in Physical Review D Sep 21, 201
Study of CP violation in Dalitz-plot analyses of B0 --> K+K-KS, B+ --> K+K-K+, and B+ --> KSKSK+
We perform amplitude analyses of the decays , , and , and measure CP-violating
parameters and partial branching fractions. The results are based on a data
sample of approximately decays, collected with the
BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy factory at the SLAC National
Accelerator Laboratory. For , we find a direct CP asymmetry
in of , which differs
from zero by . For , we measure the
CP-violating phase .
For , we measure an overall direct CP asymmetry of
. We also perform an angular-moment analysis of
the three channels, and determine that the state can be described
well by the sum of the resonances , , and
.Comment: 35 pages, 68 postscript figures. v3 - minor modifications to agree
with published versio
Studying the Underlying Event in Drell-Yan and High Transverse Momentum Jet Production at the Tevatron
We study the underlying event in proton-antiproton collisions by examining
the behavior of charged particles (transverse momentum pT > 0.5 GeV/c,
pseudorapidity |\eta| < 1) produced in association with large transverse
momentum jets (~2.2 fb-1) or with Drell-Yan lepton-pairs (~2.7 fb-1) in the
Z-boson mass region (70 < M(pair) < 110 GeV/c2) as measured by CDF at 1.96 TeV
center-of-mass energy. We use the direction of the lepton-pair (in Drell-Yan
production) or the leading jet (in high-pT jet production) in each event to
define three regions of \eta-\phi space; toward, away, and transverse, where
\phi is the azimuthal scattering angle. For Drell-Yan production (excluding the
leptons) both the toward and transverse regions are very sensitive to the
underlying event. In high-pT jet production the transverse region is very
sensitive to the underlying event and is separated into a MAX and MIN
transverse region, which helps separate the hard component (initial and
final-state radiation) from the beam-beam remnant and multiple parton
interaction components of the scattering. The data are corrected to the
particle level to remove detector effects and are then compared with several
QCD Monte-Carlo models. The goal of this analysis is to provide data that can
be used to test and improve the QCD Monte-Carlo models of the underlying event
that are used to simulate hadron-hadron collisions.Comment: Submitted to Phys.Rev.
Global Search for New Physics with 2.0/fb at CDF
Data collected in Run II of the Fermilab Tevatron are searched for
indications of new electroweak-scale physics. Rather than focusing on
particular new physics scenarios, CDF data are analyzed for discrepancies with
the standard model prediction. A model-independent approach (Vista) considers
gross features of the data, and is sensitive to new large cross-section
physics. Further sensitivity to new physics is provided by two additional
algorithms: a Bump Hunter searches invariant mass distributions for "bumps"
that could indicate resonant production of new particles; and the Sleuth
procedure scans for data excesses at large summed transverse momentum. This
combined global search for new physics in 2.0/fb of ppbar collisions at
sqrt(s)=1.96 TeV reveals no indication of physics beyond the standard model.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures. Final version which appeared in Physical Review D
Rapid Communication
Search for a Higgs Boson Produced in Association with a W Boson in pbar-p Collisions at sqrt{s} = 1.96 TeV
We present a search for a standard model Higgs boson produced in association
with a W boson using 2.7 1/fb of integrated luminosity of pbar-p collision data
taken at sqrt{s} = 1.96 TeV. Limits on the Higgs boson production rate are
obtained for masses between 100 GeV and 150 GeV. Through the use of
multivariate techniques, the analysis achieves an observed (expected) 95%
confidence level upper limit of 5.6 (4.8) times the theoretically expected
production cross section for a standard model Higgs boson with a mass of 115
GeV.Comment: submitted to Phys. Rev. Let
Precise measurement of the W-boson mass with the CDF II detector
We have measured the W-boson mass MW using data corresponding to 2.2/fb of
integrated luminosity collected in proton-antiproton collisions at 1.96 TeV
with the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. Samples consisting
of 470126 W->enu candidates and 624708 W->munu candidates yield the measurement
MW = 80387 +- 12 (stat) +- 15 (syst) = 80387 +- 19 MeV. This is the most
precise measurement of the W-boson mass to date and significantly exceeds the
precision of all previous measurements combined
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