Planeamiento estratégico para el sector ganadería bovina en Colombia

El Sector Ganadería Bovina en Colombia contribuye a 2014 con la mayor participación dentro del PIB agropecuario pudiendo ser el impulsor del sector primario del país por encima de industrias tan importantes como el café y las flores. Colombia, al tener: (a) una ubicación estratégica en el continente con acceso a dos océanos, y (b) disponibilidad de pastos durante todo el año con condiciones agroecológicas privilegiadas; le permite ser candidato principal en la producción de carne en pie en Latinoamérica, lo cual fue la motivación principal del presente trabajo, con la proyección de plantear un plan estratégico para el Sector buscando el pleno desarrollo de dicho potencial convirtiendo al país en uno de los principales productores en la Región. Se debe resaltar que el Sector Ganadería Bovina en Colombia presenta una importante contribución en empleo rural dentro del sector agropecuario del país, convirtiéndose así en un significativo eslabón para la generación de empleo y el desarrollo social del sector rural colombiano enmarcado en un escenario de difícil coyuntura en los últimos años que ha influido directamente en el crecimiento y desarrollo sostenible del Sector. El presente documento formula las estrategias que se podrían implementar en el Sector Ganadería Bovina en Colombia, su implementación, y la evaluación y control de estas junto con los objetivos a corto plazo definidos mediante el Tablero de Control Balanceado. Finalmente, se exponen recomendaciones, que de implementarse, transformaría al Sector Ganadería bovina en Colombia en un sector productivo interrelacionando los distintos agentes de la cadena productiva con la proyección de adquirir mayor competitividad insertándose en un contexto internacional eficientemente. Los distintos agentes de la cadena de producción deben interrelacionarse e integrarse generando sinergias y mayor eficiencia y productividad donde el control es el aspecto crítico de una exitosa aplicación de las recomendaciones expuestas. Es así que evaluando al Sector, planteando una estrategia, y controlándola se garantiza la implementación y el éxito de esta en el desarrollo del país.Nowadays, the bovine livestock sector in Colombia contributes to a large participation of the agricultural GDP, becoming the locomotive for this primary sector of the country, surpassing important industries such as coffee and flowers. Strategically located in the continent, Colombia has access to two oceans, availability of grass and food year round, with privileged ecological and agricultural conditions, making it a main candidate in the production of slaughter cattle in Latin America. This is the main motivation for this work, looking to propose a strategic plan for the sector, seeking full development of said potential and making the country one of the main producers in Latin America. It should be noted that the Bovine Livestock Sector in Colombia represents an important contribution in rural employment within the agricultural sector of the country, thus becoming a significant link for job generation and social development in the rural sectors, within the framework of a complicated situational scenario during the past years, which has directly influenced growth and sustainable development of the sector. This document formulates the strategies that could be implemented in the Colombian Bovine Livestock Sector, its implementation, evaluation and control, together with the short term objectives defined using a balanced score card (BSC). This plan shows recommendations, that should they be implemented, would transform the bovine livestock sector in Colombia into a productive sector, interrelated with agents of the productive chain, seeking to achieve greater competitiveness, inserting itself into an efficient international context. The different agents of the production chain must relate to each other with the objective of an integration that generates synergies and larger efficiencies and productivity where control is the raw material of a successful application of the recommendations. In consequence, evaluating the sector, proposing a strategy and controlling it, guarantees its implementation and success in the country’s development..Tesi

Resultados Semilleros de Investigación 2009-2010

La publicación recoge los doce informes finales de investigación presentados por los estudiantes de ocho Semilleros 1 y cuatro Semilleros 2, correspondientes a la convocatoria 2009–2010 y se constituye en el Número 25 de la Serie de Investigaciones en Construcción, si bien este es el primer Número publicado en formato digital que UNIJUS se permite poner a disposición no sólo de la comunidad universitaria, sino también de la sociedad colombiana e internacional, interesada en los temas estudiados por los jóvenes investigadores de la Facultad de Derecho, Ciencias Políticas y Sociales de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia

Production of He-4 and (4) in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV at the LHC

Results on the production of He-4 and (4) nuclei in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S = 2.76 TeV in the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar <1, using the ALICE detector, are presented in this paper. The rapidity densities corresponding to 0-10% central events are found to be dN/dy4(He) = (0.8 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.3 (syst)) x 10(-6) and dN/dy4 = (1.1 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.2 (syst)) x 10(-6), respectively. This is in agreement with the statistical thermal model expectation assuming the same chemical freeze-out temperature (T-chem = 156 MeV) as for light hadrons. The measured ratio of (4)/He-4 is 1.4 +/- 0.8 (stat) +/- 0.5 (syst). (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Plant diversity patterns in neotropical dry forests and their conservation implications

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from American Association for the Advancement of Science via the DOI in this record.Seasonally dry tropical forests are distributed across Latin America and the Caribbean and are highly threatened, with less than 10% of their original extent remaining in many countries. Using 835 inventories covering 4660 species of woody plants, we show marked floristic turnover among inventories and regions, which may be higher than in other neotropical biomes, such as savanna. Such high floristic turnover indicates that numerous conservation areas across many countries will be needed to protect the full diversity of tropical dry forests. Our results provide a scientific framework within which national decision-makers can contextualize the floristic significance of their dry forest at a regional and continental scale.This paper is the result of the Latin American and Caribbean Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest Floristic Network (DRYFLOR), which has been supported at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh by a Leverhulme Trust International Network Grant (IN-074). This work was also supported by the U.K. Natural Environment Research Council grant NE/I028122/1; Colciencias Ph.D. scholarship 529; Synthesys Programme GBTAF-2824; the NSF (NSF 1118340 and 1118369); the Instituto Humboldt (IAvH)–Red colombiana de investigación y monitoreo en bosque seco; the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI; Tropi-Dry, CRN2-021, funded by NSF GEO 0452325); Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR); and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). The data reported in this paper are available at www.dryflor.info. R.T.P. conceived the study. M.P., A.O.-F., K.B.-R., R.T.P., and J.W. designed the DRYFLOR database system. K.B.-R. and K.G.D. carried out most analyses. K.B.-R. R.T.P., and K.G.D. wrote the manuscript with substantial input from A.D.-S., R.L.-P., A.O.-F., D.P., C.Q., and R.R. All the authors contributed data, discussed further analyses, and commented on various versions of the manuscript. K.B.-R. thanks G. Galeano who introduced her to dry forest research. We thank J. L. Marcelo, I. Huamantupa, C. Reynel, S. Palacios, and A. Daza for help with fieldwork and data entry in Peru

El siglo de los comunistas chilenos 1912 - 2012

Considerado en su momento como uno de los Partidos Comunistas más importantes del mundo, el Partido Comunista de Chile expresa en su trayectoria una variedad de hechos que lo constituyen, en términos historiográficos, tal vez si en la organización más atractiva de la izquierda del país. En el año de su Centenario, la mirada académica sobre su pasado se vuelca aquí en un volumen que recoge. Parcialmente, un abanico de tópicos y análisis respecto de numerosas circunstancias que han cruzado su existencia. Antes que percepciones justificatorias y conformistas, pero sin olvidar su importancia en nuestra historia política, los trabajos aquí reunidos suponen la puesta en práctica de abordajes disciplinarios que esperamos fructifiquen en la constante ampliación del conocimiento del pasado y del présente del partido de Recabarren

Plant diversity patterns in neotropical dry forests and their conservation implications

Seasonally dry tropical forests are distributed across Latin America and the Caribbean and are highly threatened, with less than 10% of their original extent remaining in many countries. Using 835 inventories covering 4660 species of woody plants, we show marked floristic turnover among inventories and regions, which may be higher than in other neotropical biomes, such as savanna. Such high floristic turnover indicates that numerous conservation areas across many countries will be needed to protect the full diversity of tropical dry forests. Our results provide a scientific framework within which national decision-makers can contextualize the floristic significance of their dry forest at a regional and continental scale

Circular representation of the genome sequence of <i>Xam</i> CIO151.

<p>From outside to inside: first circle in blue indicates CDS predicted in the positive strands for the scaffolds classified as probable chromosomal regions. Second circle in red indicates the CDS predicted in the negative strand. Red spots in the black third circle indicate the region identified with atypical nucleotide composition. The fourth circle indicates the deviation pattern from the average G+C content. Inner circle shows GC skew values, positive values are shown in purple and negative values are shown in orange. Numbers correspond to scaffold IDs.</p

Putative pathogenicity elements identified in the genome of <i>Xam</i> CIO151.

1<p>Number indicates CDS identified by key word searches in iANT.</p

Phylogeny of conserved effectors in the genus <i>Xanthomonas</i>.

<p>Phylogenetic tree of concatenated conserved effector protein sequences of AvrBs2, XopK, XopL, XopN, XopQ XopR families and the Hpa1 protein, obtained with a Bayesian approach. Numbers on branches indicate Bayesian support values. Length of branches indicates the number of amino acid substitutions per site.</p