Interest Arbitration Impasse Rates

Interest arbitration is an important tool in public sector bargaining, since public safety workers are prohibited from striking. There is concern, however, over the effects of interest arbitration on impasse rates, most notably theorized by the so-called “chilling” and “narcotic” effects. Overall, interest arbitration has been associated with an increase in impasse rates compared to situations where workers are allowed to go on strike, but the reasons and extent to which this is the case are debatable. Previous theoretical work suggests a strong chilling effect on negotiations when interest arbitration is an option, but the empirical support for this theory is limited. As well, empirical support for a narcotic effect is weak, at least after the first three years of bargaining under interest arbitration. Although we are generally in a period retrenchment of bargaining rights, this issue remains an important one, particularly in states where the extension of interest arbitration to new groups (e.g. teachers) is being debated and in light of the interest arbitration provisions of recent Employee Free Choice Act

Bringing global gyrokinetic turbulence simulations to the transport timescale using a multiscale approach

The vast separation dividing the characteristic times of energy confinement and turbulence in the core of toroidal plasmas makes first-principles prediction on long timescales extremely challenging. Here we report the demonstration of a multiple-timescale method that enables coupling global gyrokinetic simulations with a transport solver to calculate the evolution of the self-consistent temperature profile. This method, which exhibits resiliency to the intrinsic fluctuations arising in turbulence simulations, holds potential for integrating nonlocal gyrokinetic turbulence simulations into predictive, whole-device models.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure

Allosteric Modulators of Steroid Hormone Receptors : Structural Dynamics and Gene Regulation

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Reading and Ownership

First paragraph: ‘It is as easy to make sweeping statements about reading tastes as to indict a nation, and as pointless.’ This jocular remark by a librarian made in the Times in 1952 sums up the dangers and difficulties of writing the history of reading. As a field of study in the humanities it is still in its infancy and encompasses a range of different methodologies and theoretical approaches. Historians of reading are not solely interested in what people read, but also turn their attention to the why, where and how of the reading experience. Reading can be solitary, silent, secret, surreptitious; it can be oral, educative, enforced, or assertive of a collective identity. For what purposes are individuals reading? How do they actually use books and other textual material? What are the physical environments and spaces of reading? What social, educational, technological, commercial, legal, or ideological contexts underpin reading practices? Finding answers to these questions is compounded by the difficulty of locating and interpreting evidence. As Mary Hammond points out, ‘most reading acts in history remain unrecorded, unmarked or forgotten’. Available sources are wide but inchoate: diaries, letters and autobiographies; personal and oral testimonies; marginalia; and records of societies and reading groups all lend themselves more to the case-study approach than the historical survey. Statistics offer analysable data but have the effect of producing identikits rather than actual human beings. The twenty-first century affords further possibilities, and challenges, with its traces of digital reader activity, but the map is ever-changing

Schoolbooks and textbook publishing.

In this chapter the author looks at the history of schoolbooks and textbook publishing. The nineteenth century saw a rise in the school book market in Britain due to the rise of formal schooling and public examinations. Although the 1870 Education and 1872 (Scotland) Education Acts made elementary education compulsory for childern between 5-13 years old, it was not until the end of the First World War that some sort form of secondary education became compulsory for all children

Bills payable, Thomas Rotch, New Bedford, 1796-1800

Daniel Ricketson is paid by Thomas Rotch for needles, shoe brushes and quills. $5.99. 7.75" x 5.75

Bills payable, Thomas Rotch, New Bedford, 1796-1800

Daniel Ricketson submits an account of his bill with Thomas Rotch over a year, for an assortment of items including brass locks, buttons, tobacco, nails, oil and cloth. 7.95" x 13

The autumn sheaf : a collection of miscellaneous poems. /

Mode of access: Internet