Photon multiplicity measurements at forward rapidity in the ALICE experiment at CERN

We present the first preliminary results on photon multiplicity measurements at LHC at forward pseudorapidity (2.3 \textless $\eta$ \textless 3.9) in proton-proton ($pp$) collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV. The multiplicity distribution is found to be reasonably well explained by a double Negative Binomial Distribution (NBD). The average photon multiplicity increases logarithmically with $\sqrt{s}$. It is found that none of the models we used (PYTHIA6D6T, PHOJET, and HERWIG) could explain the data.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figure

The Holocene distribution of European bison - the archaezoological record

El artículo presenta una reconstrucción de la distribución holocena del bisonte europeo. Está basada en el registro arqueozoologico de esta especie. El bisonte europeo fue un inmigrante al Continente europeo durante el Postglacial inicial. La más antigua evidencia procede de yacimientos del Norte de Euroopa Central y del Sur de Escandinavia, que datan del Preboreal. Durante el Holoceno medio y tardío el bisonte europeo estaba ampliamente distribuido en el Continente europeo. Su distribución se extendía desde Francia al W hasta Ucrania al E. Salvo para un área que comprende el E de Polonia, Bielorrusia, Lituania y Letonia, el bisonte europeo era una especie rara en la mayor parte de su distribución. En la Edad Media se da una reducción en la extension del bisonte europeo en su zona W

Klee statt Soja?

German article on Danish research and development in grass protein

Audio description and audio subtitling in a dubbing country: Case studies

In many European countries foreign films are not dubbed but subtitled. An audio describer has to include all the written subtitles in his script and try to make the description fit in between. Dubbing countries like Spain, Italy and Germany are also used to combining audio description and audio subtitling – for different reasons. This presentation shows how audio subtitling affects the work of describers in a dubbing country like Germany. It will present examples from daily work to show how many different ways are used to deal with the subtitles

Clinical Relevance of Botulinum Toxin Immunogenicity

Botulinum toxin type A is a 150 kD protein produced by Clostridium botulinum, which exists in a complex with up to six additional proteins. The ability of botulinum toxin to inhibit acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction has been exploited for use in medical conditions characterized by muscle hyperactivity. As such, botulinum toxin is widely recommended by international treatment guidelines for movement disorders and it has a plethora of other clinical and cosmetic indications. The chronic nature of these conditions requires repeated injections of botulinum toxin, usually every few months. Multiple injections can lead to secondary treatment failure in some patients that may be associated with the production of neutralizing antibodies directed specifically against the neurotoxin. However, the presence of such antibodies does not always render patients non-responsive. The reported prevalence of immunoresistance varies greatly, depending on factors such as study design and treated indication. This review presents what is currently known about the immunogenicity of botulinum toxin and how this impacts upon patient non-response to treatment. The complexing proteins may act as adjuvants and stimulate the immune response. Their role and that of neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibodies in the response to botulinum toxin is discussed, together with an assessment of current neutralizing antibody measurement techniques. Botulinum toxin preparations with different compositions and excipients have been developed. The major commercially available preparations of botulinum toxin are Botox® (onabotulinumtoxinA; Allergan, Inc., Ireland), Dysport® (abobotulinumtoxinA; Ipsen Ltd, UK), and Xeomin® (incobotulinumtoxinA; botulinum toxin type A [150 kD], free from complexing proteins; NT 201; Merz Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Germany). The new preparations of botulinum toxin aim to minimize the risk of immunoresistance in patients being treated for chronic clinical conditions