23 research outputs found
Techno-morphological analysis and raw materials of lithic artifacts from Laguna de La Flecha 10 site (Lago Musters, Chubut)
Este trabajo se encuadra dentro de un proyecto general orientado al análisis del aprovechamiento de los ambientes fluviales por parte de los grupos cazadores-recolectores en el Holoceno tardío. El área de trabajo elegida es la cuenca del lago Musters (Chubut, Argentina) y el objetivo central es verificar la existencia de diversificación económica y conocer la forma en que fue utilizado este particular ambiente. Los resultados que aquí se presentan se refieren a estudios del material lítico del sitio Laguna de La Flecha 10 (LF10), ubicado en el sector noreste del lago y asociado a lentes de fogón. El carbón recuperado en una de ellas, perteneciente al componente inferior, fue datado en ca. 1.140 años AP. En una primera aproximación para conocer la organización de la tecnología lítica de estas ocupaciones, a través del análisis tecno-morfológico del conjunto artefactual, se caracteriza su diversidad tipológica y se estudian las materias primas utilizadas. Los resultados de este estudio dan cuenta de una alta diversidad artefactual y de la presencia de ciertos tipos de instrumentos que permiten inferir una utilización de tipo residencial del sitio, y caracterizar a LF10 como un campamento base, en el que se realizaron múltiples actividades. Sin embargo, teniendo en cuenta el reducido tamaño del conjunto artefactual y, especialmente, el bajo número de instrumentos, éste habría sido ocupado durante lapsos de tiempo corto. Por otro lado, el uso de materias primas locales haría pensar en un tipo de aprovisionamiento del material lítico no especializado, habiéndose realizado probablemente junto con otras actividades.This research is part of a general project about the utilization of fluvial environments by hunter- gatherers in the area of Musters Lake (Chubut, Argentina) during the late Holocene. The principal aim is to assess the existence of economic diversification and to establish the way in which this particular environment was used. The results presented here refer to the studies of the lithic material of Laguna de La Flecha 10 (LF10), a site located in the north-east area of the lake. The site is associated with hearths dated ca. 1.140 years BP. In order to characterize the organization of lithic technology of the occupations, by the way of the techno-morphologic analysis of the artefactual assemblage, we assess assemblage typological diversity and raw material composition. The results of this study indicate a high artefactual diversity and the types of instruments represented suggest a residential utilization of the site. This would allow us to characterize LF10 as a base camp, where many activities were performed. Nevertheless, considering the small size of the artefactual set, and specially the low number of instruments, we conclude that it had been occupied for short periods of time. In addition, we consider that the local raw material used was acquired within an embedded strategy.Fil: Reyes, Mariano Rodolfo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco". Facultad de Ciencias Naturales - Sede Comodoro; ArgentinaFil: Peralta Gonzalez, Santiago. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco". Facultad de Ciencias Naturales - Sede Comodoro; Argentin
Primeros resultados de los trabajos arqueológicos en el lago Colhué Huapi (Chubut)
El objetivo general del proyecto de investigación, iniciado en 2005, es el estudio de los procesos de diversificación económica en poblaciones cazadoras recolectoras de Patagonia Central. Generalmente se considera que estos grupos basaron su economía casi exclusivamente en la caza del guanaco (Lama guanicoe); sin embargo, creemos que la economía de estos grupos pudo haber sido más diversificada en momentos y ambientes (o microambientes) particulares, como es el caso de los sistemas lacustres. (...)Fil: Moreno, Julian Eduardo. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia ; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Perez Ruiz, Hugo Gabriel. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia ; ArgentinaFil: Ramirez Rozzi, Fernando. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Reyes, Mariano Rodolfo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Svoboda, Ariadna. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto de Diversidad y Evolución Austral; ArgentinaFil: Peralta Gonzalez, Santiago. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Herrera Santana, Misael. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia ; Argentin
Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis
BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London
The Changing Landscape for Stroke\ua0Prevention in AF: Findings From the GLORIA-AF Registry Phase 2
Background GLORIA-AF (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation) is a prospective, global registry program describing antithrombotic treatment patterns in patients with newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation at risk of stroke. Phase 2 began when dabigatran, the first non\u2013vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC), became available. Objectives This study sought to describe phase 2 baseline data and compare these with the pre-NOAC era collected during phase 1. Methods During phase 2, 15,641 consenting patients were enrolled (November 2011 to December 2014); 15,092 were eligible. This pre-specified cross-sectional analysis describes eligible patients\u2019 baseline characteristics. Atrial fibrillation disease characteristics, medical outcomes, and concomitant diseases and medications were collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Of the total patients, 45.5% were female; median age was 71 (interquartile range: 64, 78) years. Patients were from Europe (47.1%), North America (22.5%), Asia (20.3%), Latin America (6.0%), and the Middle East/Africa (4.0%). Most had high stroke risk (CHA2DS2-VASc [Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age 6575 years, Diabetes mellitus, previous Stroke, Vascular disease, Age 65 to 74 years, Sex category] score 652; 86.1%); 13.9% had moderate risk (CHA2DS2-VASc = 1). Overall, 79.9% received oral anticoagulants, of whom 47.6% received NOAC and 32.3% vitamin K antagonists (VKA); 12.1% received antiplatelet agents; 7.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. For comparison, the proportion of phase 1 patients (of N = 1,063 all eligible) prescribed VKA was 32.8%, acetylsalicylic acid 41.7%, and no therapy 20.2%. In Europe in phase 2, treatment with NOAC was more common than VKA (52.3% and 37.8%, respectively); 6.0% of patients received antiplatelet treatment; and 3.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. In North America, 52.1%, 26.2%, and 14.0% of patients received NOAC, VKA, and antiplatelet drugs, respectively; 7.5% received no antithrombotic treatment. NOAC use was less common in Asia (27.7%), where 27.5% of patients received VKA, 25.0% antiplatelet drugs, and 19.8% no antithrombotic treatment. Conclusions The baseline data from GLORIA-AF phase 2 demonstrate that in newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients, NOAC have been highly adopted into practice, becoming more frequently prescribed than VKA in Europe and North America. Worldwide, however, a large proportion of patients remain undertreated, particularly in Asia and North America. (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation [GLORIA-AF]; NCT01468701
Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study
Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world.
Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231.
Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001).
Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication
Análisis preliminar de los materiales líticos del sitio delta vulcana 1 (Lago Musters, Chubut)
Este trabajo se encuadra dentro de un proyecto general orientado al análisis del aprovechamiento de los ambientes fluviales por parte de los grupos cazadores-recolectores en el Holoceno tardío. El área de trabajo elegida es el lago Musters, y el objetivo central es verificar la existencia de diversificación económica y conocer la forma en que fue utilizado este particular ambiente. Los resultados que aquí se presentan se refieren a estudios del material lítico del sitio Delta Vulcana 1, ubicado en el sector noroeste del lago, a unos 200 metros de su costa actual. Dicho sitio se encuentra asociado a lentes de fogones datados en ca.1400 años AP., y presenta una alta resolución e integridad. En una primera aproximación para conocer la organización de la tecnología lítica de estas ocupaciones, a través del análisis tecnomorfológico del conjunto artefactual, se caracteriza su diversidad y se estudian las materias primas utilizadas. Los resultados preliminares de este estudio dan cuenta de una alta diversidad artefactual y del predominio de materias primas locales, lo que indicaría, en principio, una tendencia hacia una utilización residencial del sitio.This research is part of a general project about the utilization of fluvial environments by huntersgatherers in the area of the lake Musters during the late Holocene. The principal aim of this work is to assess the existence of economic diversification and to establish the way in which this particular environment was used. The results presented here refer to the studies of the lithic material of Delta Vulcana 1, a site located in the north-west area of the lake, 200 meters far approximately of its current coast. The site is associated with hearths lenses dated in ca.1400 BP, and presents a high resolution and integrity. The first step to describe the lithic technology organization of several occupations, by the way of the techno-morphologic analysis of the artefactual assemblage, will consist in the characterization of its diversity and the study of raw materials used. The preliminary results of this study indicate a high artefactual diversity and the predominance of local raw materials would be indicating a tendency towards a residential utilization of the site.Fil: Reyes, Mariano Rodolfo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Peralta Gonzalez, Santiago. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "san Juan Bosco". Facultad de Humanidades y Cs.sociales - Sede Comodoro. Departamento de Historia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: López Ferrer, Ana Laura. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "san Juan Bosco". Facultad de Humanidades y Cs.sociales - Sede Comodoro. Departamento de Historia; Argentin
Rutas de Castilla y León. Ribera del Duero
El trabajo no está publicadoEl trabajo se lleva a cabo por un equipo de profesores del Centro de Educación de Adultos 'Radio ECCA' de Tordesillas (Valladolid). Los objetivos son: 1) Descubrir, conocer y valorar dos zonas de Castilla y León de especial importancia por su valor cultural e histórico. 2) Sentir y ahondar en la realidad humana y paisajística que configura y cualifica el modo de ser del habitante de Castilla y León. Utiliza una metodología activa apoyada en las fichas de trabajo en el sistema de radio-enseñanza, en las cintas de casette se adjunta información concreta referida a todas las rutas propuestas con explicaciones más técnicas y comentarios sobre cada una de ellas. Se compone de material visual y sonoro que sirve para conocer distintas zonas de Castilla y León con una finalidad didáctica mostrando la realidad, de manera amena y estimulando a los seguidores de este sistema a participar directamente a través de las actividades propuestas.Junta de Castilla y León, Dirección General de Universidades e InvestigaciónCastilla y LeónES
PPARγ and Cognitive Performance
Recent findings have led to the discovery of many signaling pathways that link nuclear receptors with human conditions, including mental decline and neurodegenerative diseases. PPARγ agonists have been indicated as neuroprotective agents, supporting synaptic plasticity and neurite outgrowth. For these reasons, many PPARγ ligands have been proposed for the improvement of cognitive performance in different pathological conditions. In this review, the research on this issue is extensively discussed
Corrigendum: Theranostic Nanomedicine for Malignant Gliomas
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00325.]