Food Safety

24 Páginas.-- 2 FigurasEmerging and re-emerging food safety risks are driven by climate change and other factors like globalization, water scarcity, population aging, and migration, among others. These factors affect the persistence and occurrence of conventional and emerging primary risks. Successful initiatives to manage emerging risks need to identify, evaluate, and prioritize potential risks as well as to respond with sustainable strategies able to reduce the threatsPeer reviewe

Guía para la elaboración de trabajos académicos de investigación

Prólogo. Guía de Buenas Prácticas. Guía para la elaboración del TFG del Grado en Estudios Árabes e Islámicos. Guía para la elaboración del TFG del Grado en Estudios Franceses. Guía para la elaboración del TFG del Grado en Estudios Ingleses. Guía para la elaboración del TFG del Grado en Filología Clásica. Guía para la elaboración del TFG del Grado en Filología Hispánica. Guía para la elaboración del TFG del Grado en Historia. Guía para la elaboración del TFG del Grado en Humanidades. Guía para la elaboración del TFG del Grado en Lingüística y Lenguas Aplicadas.Se trata de un manual de ayuda, que consta de una guía de buenas prácticas y de una guía académica, que fijan unos criterios objetivos para la preparación del TFG por parte del estudiante, que orientan al tutor/director en el desarrollo del trabajo y que sirven de punto de partida a la comisión evaluadora que finalmente tendrá que valorarlo.Este documento es una obra derivada de la Actuación Avalada para la Mejora Docente, Formación del Profesorado y Difusión de Resultados (modalidad A, UCA/R099REC/2013), “Guía Académica y de Buenas Prácticas para la realización de los TFG de los planes de estudio de grado de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras” (Ref. AAA_14_043), financiado por la de la Unidad de Innovación Docente del Vicerrectorado de Docencia y Formación de la Universidad de Cádiz durante el curso académico 2013-2014.Formato PDF. 225 páginas

HTLV-1 infection in solid organ transplant donors and recipients in Spain

HTLV-1 infection is a neglected disease, despite infecting 10-15 million people worldwide and severe illnesses develop in 10% of carriers lifelong. Acknowledging a greater risk for developing HTLV-1 associated illnesses due to immunosuppression, screening is being widely considered in the transplantation setting. Herein, we report the experience with universal HTLV testing of donors and recipients of solid organ transplants in a survey conducted in Spain. All hospitals belonging to the Spanish HTLV network were invited to participate in the study. Briefly, HTLV antibody screening was performed retrospectively in all specimens collected from solid organ donors and recipients attended since the year 2008. A total of 5751 individuals were tested for HTLV antibodies at 8 sites. Donors represented 2312 (42.2%), of whom 17 (0.3%) were living kidney donors. The remaining 3439 (59.8%) were recipients. Spaniards represented nearly 80%. Overall, 9 individuals (0.16%) were initially reactive for HTLV antibodies. Six were donors and 3 were recipients. Using confirmatory tests, HTLV-1 could be confirmed in only two donors, one Spaniard and another from Colombia. Both kidneys of the Spaniard were inadvertently transplanted. Subacute myelopathy developed within 1 year in one recipient. The second recipient seroconverted for HTLV-1 but the kidney had to be removed soon due to rejection. Immunosuppression was stopped and 3 years later the patient remains in dialysis but otherwise asymptomatic. The rate of HTLV-1 is low but not negligible in donors/recipients of solid organ transplants in Spain. Universal HTLV screening should be recommended in all donor and recipients of solid organ transplantation in Spain. Evidence is overwhelming for very high virus transmission and increased risk along with the rapid development of subacute myelopathy

Aportaciones a los estudios económico-administrativos. Reflexiones teóricas y evidencias empíricas

La economía y la administración están inmersas en el universo de las ciencias sociales, áreas del conocimiento que comprenden dominios diferentes, pero también convergen y se intersectan en un objeto de estudio: las organizacienones y sus agregados (industrias o sectores). Desde una perspectiva social, los estudios económico-administrativos informan sobre cómo hacer eficientes a las organizaciones y competitivos a los sectores con la finalidad de impactar positivamente en la justicia social (por ejemplo: mediante productos de mejor calidad a mejores precios). El auge de este tipo de estudios está extendido a fenómenos clave en el mundo de hoy, tales como: la ventaja competitiva, la innovación, la administración de la cadena de suministros y la administración verde, entre otros.El objetivo de este libro es difundir las aportaciones hechas a los estudios económico-administrativos, ya sea como reflexiones teóricas o a modo de evidencia empírica, pues la conjunción de varias ciencias ayuda a comprender fenómenos complejos mejor que una disciplina en forma aislada. Más que la homogeneidad de teorías o hegemonía de unas sobre otras, la investigación interdisciplinaria construye un acercamiento a la diversidad de puntos de vista: se buscan factores, métodos o lenguajes comunes alrededor de un objeto de estudio (Fernández, 2009; Martínez, 1997), llegándose a conformar una comunidad científica con antecedentes disciplinarios diferentes, pero con cierta unidad, relaciones y acciones recíprocas (Kuhn, 1995). Así, en este texto el objeto de estudio es el funcionamiento e interacción de las organizaciones, como integrantes de los sectores económicos, en los mercados locales y globales. La comunidad científica está conformada por investigadores y egresados del Doctorado en Ciencias Económico-Administrativas, el cual nace en 2006 en la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, a cargo de la Dependencia de Educación Superior (DES) Económico-Administrativa

Cabbage and fermented vegetables : From death rate heterogeneity in countries to candidates for mitigation strategies of severe COVID-19

Large differences in COVID-19 death rates exist between countries and between regions of the same country. Some very low death rate countries such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, or the Balkans have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods. Although biases exist when examining ecological studies, fermented vegetables or cabbage have been associated with low death rates in European countries. SARS-CoV-2 binds to its receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). As a result of SARS-CoV-2 binding, ACE2 downregulation enhances the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT(1)R) axis associated with oxidative stress. This leads to insulin resistance as well as lung and endothelial damage, two severe outcomes of COVID-19. The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is the most potent antioxidant in humans and can block in particular the AT(1)R axis. Cabbage contains precursors of sulforaphane, the most active natural activator of Nrf2. Fermented vegetables contain many lactobacilli, which are also potent Nrf2 activators. Three examples are: kimchi in Korea, westernized foods, and the slum paradox. It is proposed that fermented cabbage is a proof-of-concept of dietary manipulations that may enhance Nrf2-associated antioxidant effects, helpful in mitigating COVID-19 severity.Peer reviewe

Nrf2-interacting nutrients and COVID-19 : time for research to develop adaptation strategies

There are large between- and within-country variations in COVID-19 death rates. Some very low death rate settings such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, the Balkans and Africa have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods whose intake is associated with the activation of the Nrf2 (Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) anti-oxidant transcription factor. There are many Nrf2-interacting nutrients (berberine, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, quercetin, resveratrol, sulforaphane) that all act similarly to reduce insulin resistance, endothelial damage, lung injury and cytokine storm. They also act on the same mechanisms (mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin, PPAR gamma:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, NF kappa B: Nuclear factor kappa B, ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinases and eIF2 alpha:Elongation initiation factor 2 alpha). They may as a result be important in mitigating the severity of COVID-19, acting through the endoplasmic reticulum stress or ACE-Angiotensin-II-AT(1)R axis (AT(1)R) pathway. Many Nrf2-interacting nutrients are also interacting with TRPA1 and/or TRPV1. Interestingly, geographical areas with very low COVID-19 mortality are those with the lowest prevalence of obesity (Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia). It is tempting to propose that Nrf2-interacting foods and nutrients can re-balance insulin resistance and have a significant effect on COVID-19 severity. It is therefore possible that the intake of these foods may restore an optimal natural balance for the Nrf2 pathway and may be of interest in the mitigation of COVID-19 severity

Search for new particles in events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A search is presented for new particles produced at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV, using events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 101 fb(-1), collected in 2017-2018 with the CMS detector. Machine learning techniques are used to define separate categories for events with narrow jets from initial-state radiation and events with large-radius jets consistent with a hadronic decay of a W or Z boson. A statistical combination is made with an earlier search based on a data sample of 36 fb(-1), collected in 2016. No significant excess of events is observed with respect to the standard model background expectation determined from control samples in data. The results are interpreted in terms of limits on the branching fraction of an invisible decay of the Higgs boson, as well as constraints on simplified models of dark matter, on first-generation scalar leptoquarks decaying to quarks and neutrinos, and on models with large extra dimensions. Several of the new limits, specifically for spin-1 dark matter mediators, pseudoscalar mediators, colored mediators, and leptoquarks, are the most restrictive to date.Peer reviewe

Probing effective field theory operators in the associated production of top quarks with a Z boson in multilepton final states at root s=13 TeV

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MUSiC : a model-unspecific search for new physics in proton-proton collisions at root s=13TeV

Results of the Model Unspecific Search in CMS (MUSiC), using proton-proton collision data recorded at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1), are presented. The MUSiC analysis searches for anomalies that could be signatures of physics beyond the standard model. The analysis is based on the comparison of observed data with the standard model prediction, as determined from simulation, in several hundred final states and multiple kinematic distributions. Events containing at least one electron or muon are classified based on their final state topology, and an automated search algorithm surveys the observed data for deviations from the prediction. The sensitivity of the search is validated using multiple methods. No significant deviations from the predictions have been observed. For a wide range of final state topologies, agreement is found between the data and the standard model simulation. This analysis complements dedicated search analyses by significantly expanding the range of final states covered using a model independent approach with the largest data set to date to probe phase space regions beyond the reach of previous general searches.Peer reviewe

Measurement of prompt open-charm production cross sections in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

The production cross sections for prompt open-charm mesons in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13TeV are reported. The measurement is performed using a data sample collected by the CMS experiment corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 29 nb(-1). The differential production cross sections of the D*(+/-), D-+/-, and D-0 ((D) over bar (0)) mesons are presented in ranges of transverse momentum and pseudorapidity 4 < p(T) < 100 GeV and vertical bar eta vertical bar < 2.1, respectively. The results are compared to several theoretical calculations and to previous measurements.Peer reviewe