Relación entre los estilos parentales y el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en estudiantes de 8º, 9º y 10º residentes en el municipio de Manizales en el año 2013

Establecer la relación entre estilos parentales y consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en estudiantes de 8º, 9º y 10º residentes en Manizales en el año 2013. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal. En estudiantes de 8º, 9º y 10º de colegios públicos y privados, área urbana y rural de Manizales, para un total de 13.518 estudiantes de 79 instituciones educativas. Técnicas e instrumentos de recolección de información: Escala de estilos de socialización parental en la adolescencia (ESPA29) y el instrumento de escolares del Sistema Interamericano de Datos Uniformes sobre Consumo (SIDUC) de la CICAD/OEA (Comisión Interamericana para el Control del Abuso de Drogas/Organización de Estados Americanos). Resultados: El 64,7% de las y los estudiantes cuentan con padres que ejercen los estilos autorizativo (35.7%) e indulgente (29%). El estilo parental más frecuente en la figura paterna con un 28%, es el negligente y en la materna el autorizativo con el 42,5%. Los datos indican una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre consumo de SPA y los 4 estilos parentales estudiados, encontrando que el estilo autoritario y negligente se comportan como factores de riesgo y el estilo parental indulgente y autorizativo como factores protectores. Conclusiones: Poseer padres con estilo negligente, eleva el riesgo en un 34% de consumir cocaína, 31% marihuana, 23% cigarrillo, 39% pegantes y 26% dick. Las y los estudiantes que cuentan con padres con un estilo autoritario y negligente, tienen una probabilidad de un 32% y un 20% mayor que el del estilo indulgente para alcoholismo y un 27% y 37% incrementado para dependencia a la marihuana.Establish the relationship between parenting styles and substance use among students of 8th, 9th and 10th, residents in Manizales in 2013. Materials and Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. For students of 8th, 9th and 10th from public and private schools, urban and rural area of Manizales, for a total of 13,518 students in 79 schools. Techniques and tools for data collection: Scale parental socialization styles in adolescence (ESPA29) and the instrument of the inter-school Uniform Consumption Data (SIDUC) CICAD/ OEA (Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Drugs/Organization of American States). Results: 64.7% of students have parents who exercise the authoritative (35.7%) and indulgent styles (29%). The most frequent father figure with 28% parental style is negligent and breast with the authoritative 42.5%. The data indicates a statistically significant association between consumption of SPA and the 4 parenting styles studied, finding that the authoritarian and neglectful style behave as risk factors and indulgent and authoritative parenting style as protective factors. Conclusions: Having parents with negligent style, raises the risk by 34% for cocaine, 31% marijuana, cigarette 23%, 39% glues and 26% dick. Students who have parents with an authoritarian and neglectful style have a probability of 32% and 20% larger than the alcoholism indulgent style and 27% and 37% increase for marijuana dependence

Early survival and growth plasticity of 33 species planted in 38 arboreta across the European Atlantic area

To anticipate European climate scenarios for the end of the century, we explored the climate gradient within the REINFFORCE (RÉseau INFrastructure de recherche pour le suivi et l’adaptation des FORêts au Changement climatiquE) arboreta network, established in 38 sites between latitudes 37 and 57 , where 33 tree species are represented. We aim to determine which climatic variables best explain their survival and growth, and identify those species that are more tolerant of climate variation and those of which the growth and survival future climate might constrain. We used empirical models to determine the best climatic predictor variables that explain tree survival and growth. Precipitation-transfer distance was most important for the survival of broadleaved species, whereas growing-season-degree days best explained conifer-tree survival. Growth (annual height increment) was mainly explained by a derived annual dryness index (ADI) for both conifers and broadleaved trees. Species that showed the greatest variation in survival and growth in response to climatic variation included Betula pendula Roth, Pinus elliottii Engelm., and Thuja plicata Donn ex D.Don, and those that were least affected included Quercus shumardii Buckland and Pinus nigra J.F.Arnold. We also demonstrated that provenance differences were significant for Pinus pinea L., Quercus robur L., and Ceratonia siliqua L. Here, we demonstrate the usefulness of infrastructures along a climatic gradient like REINFFORCE to determine major tendencies of tree species responding to climate changesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Estimating the global conservation status of more than 15,000 Amazonian tree species

Estimates of extinction risk for Amazonian plant and animal species are rare and not often incorporated into land-use policy and conservation planning. We overlay spatial distribution models with historical and projected deforestation to show that at least 36% and up to 57% of all Amazonian tree species are likely to qualify as globally threatened under International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List criteria. If confirmed, these results would increase the number of threatened plant species on Earth by 22%. We show that the trends observed in Amazonia apply to trees throughout the tropics, and we predict thatmost of the world’s >40,000 tropical tree species now qualify as globally threatened. A gap analysis suggests that existing Amazonian protected areas and indigenous territories will protect viable populations of most threatened species if these areas suffer no further degradation, highlighting the key roles that protected areas, indigenous peoples, and improved governance can play in preventing large-scale extinctions in the tropics in this century

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Estilos parentales y consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en estudiantes de 8º a 10º

(analítico): Esta investigación buscó establecer la relación entre los estilos parentales y consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en 13029 estudiantes de 8º a 10º de Manizales. Es un estudio descriptivo, transversal, que utilizó como instrumentos la escala de estilos de socialización parental de adolescentes (Espa29) y un instrumento basado en el del Sistema Interamericano de Datos Uniformes sobre Consumo de la Organización de Estados Americanos. Los resultados evidenciaron según los valores p del estadístico X2, que existe una asociación estadísticamente significativa p<0,05 entre las variables estudiadas. Los estilos autoritario y negligente indicaron en general ser un factor de riesgo y el indulgente y autorizativo un factor protector. Poseer padres con estilo negligente, eleva el riesgo en un 34% de consumir cocaína, 31% marihuana, 23% cigarrillo, 39% pegantes y 26% dick

Avances de la investigación de la comunicación en Venezuela

Coordinadores del Libro-e: Carlos Arcila C. y Mabel Calderín C.1-491La Asociación de Investigadores Venezolanos de la Comunicació[email protected]

El Caribe: Origen del mundo moderno

[EN] This book is a result of the European project titled Connected Worlds: The Caribbean, Origin of the Modern World. This project is directed by Consuelo Naranjo-Orovio from Institute of History (CSIC). The book is presented so that the educational community has the latest and necessary scientific knowledge, in a clear and accessible way, for its transmission to new generations, and contributes -through education and historical knowledge- to combat the discrimination against non-white populations in Europe, the Caribbean and Latin America. Through studies we try to promote, rescue and protect our historical memory and cultural expressions of different peoples, as well as enhance dialogue, debate and international cooperation.With this volume we want to contribute, in short, to the knowledge of the past and present of Caribbean countries and their connection with the rest of Latin America, Europe and Africa. The various themes emphasize topical issues that cannot be missing in the higher education of our societies, whose classrooms, a true reflection of society, are marked by integration, multiculturalism and coexistence between different cultures. Education therefore must contribute to the integration of human diversity and the banishment of concepts of one upmanship between populations, based on the misconception regarding the existence of races in the human species.In this book, teachers and students will find multimedia resources that expand the gathered information and various interviews with Caribbean history specialists, designed and conducted by Consuelo Naranjo Orovio and edited by Luis Centurión, from Ediciones Doce Calles publishing house team, who is also a project member: http://youtube.com/c/ConnecCaribbeanProyecto[ES] Este libro es el resultado del proyecto europeo titulado Connected Worlds: The Caribbean, Origin of the Modern World. Este proyecto está dirigido por Consuelo Naranjo-Orovio del Instituto de Historia (CSIC). El libro se presenta para que la comunidad educativa tenga el conocimiento científico más reciente y necesario, de manera clara y accesible, para su transmisión a las nuevas generaciones, y contribuye, a través de la educación y el conocimiento histórico, a combatir la discriminación contra las poblaciones no blancas en Europa, el Caribe y América Latina. A través de los estudios tratamos de promover, rescatar y proteger nuestra memoria histórica y expresiones culturales de diferentes pueblos, así como mejorar el diálogo, el debate y la cooperación internacional. Con este volumen queremos contribuir, en resumen, al conocimiento del pasado y el presente de los países del Caribe y su conexión con el resto de América Latina, Europa y África. Los diversos temas enfatizan temas de actualidad que no pueden faltar en la educación superior de nuestras sociedades, cuyas aulas, un verdadero reflejo de la sociedad, están marcadas por la integración, el multiculturalismo y la convivencia entre diferentes culturas. La educación, por lo tanto, debe contribuir a la integración de la diversidad humana y al destierro de los conceptos de un solo dominio entre las poblaciones, basado en el concepto erróneo sobre la existencia de razas en la especie humana. En este libro, maestros y estudiantes encontrarán recursos multimedia que amplían la información recopilada y varias entrevistas con especialistas en historia del Caribe, diseñadas y dirigidas por Consuelo Naranjo Orovio y editadas por Luis Centurión, del equipo de la editorial Ediciones Doce Calles, que también es miembro del proyecto: http://youtube.com/c/ConnecCaribbeanProyectoPeer reviewe