45 research outputs found
Impact of stressing a pen mate on physiological responses of growing pigs
Crossbred barrows and gilts (n = 36), weighing 16.59 ± 2.1 kg, were used to test the effects of stressing a pen mate on the physiological responses of growing pigs. Pigs were randomly allotted to 6 groups after stratifying according to gender, litter origin, and body weight. Dominance order was determined within each group, and 1 to 3 d prior to the stress treatment the most- and leastdominant pigs within a group were fitted with indwelling catheters in their vena cavas. Over 3 d, groups were either: 1) isolated from audile and visual contact with stressed pigs in a separate room (non-stressed control); 2) separated by a curtain from visual contact with stressed pigs; or 3) allowed to maintain audile and visual contact with stressed pigs. Blood samples were collected 30, 15, and 0 min before exposure to the stressor (snout-snare) treatment and again at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 min after stressor application. Serum cortisol and plasma glucose, lactate, and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentrations were measured. There were no treatment × sampling-time interactions (P \u3e 0.17) for concentrations of cortisol, glucose, lactate or NEFA, nor were these metabolites affected by stressor treatment (P \u3e 0.42). Humoral measures of the stress response were not affected by visual and/or audile contact with pen mates undergoing a stressful event
Barriers and Promoters of Retention of Direct Care Workers in Community Mental Health Agencies
Demand for behavioral health direct-care providers is increasing due to shortage of licensed behavioral health providers. However, high turnover has been reported among them with limited exploratory research. The present study aimed to identify a wide variety of barriers and promoters of retention and strategies to retain direct care workers. An online, self-administered survey designed to measure demographics, job satisfaction, perceived importance of various job aspects, intention to leave, perceived stress and sources of stress was administered among 179 direct care workers from four agencies. Multiple logistic regression exhibited higher odds of intending to leave for those who had higher general perceived stress (OR=1.3, CI=1.1-1.7) and those who experienced stress from supervisor (OR=5.0, CI=1.7-14.4) and organizational culture (OR=4.2, CI=1.1-18.4). Work-related stress is a prevalent issue among direct-care providers and may be associated with turnover. Policy formulation and implementation directed at strategies to reduce stress may be warranted to improve retention.https://digitalcommons.unmc.edu/bhecn_report/1000/thumbnail.jp
Teaching employability skills to young people in junior high and middle schools
xi, 70 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm. --Upon graduation from high school, many students find themselves on the road of
life with little direction, their career path developments limited by their lack of exposure to a
good solid career education program. In today's world of work, students need specific
skills that many business leaders and community members feel are lacking in today's
graduating students. The acquisition of these skills -- the employability skills -- and the
teaching of these skills, is the subject of this study which will focus on junior high and
middle schools. This project will highlight why it is necessary for schools to teach
employability skills and examine closely the skills needed in today's job market. The study
will also look at specific employability skill projects being carried out in different schools
around the country, including a look at the projects and the evaluation of those projects in
current use in Clive School, Clive, Alberta
Percutaneous subclavian artery stent-graft placement following failed ultrasound guided subclavian venous access
BACKGROUND: Ultrasound guidance for central and peripheral venous access has been proven to improve success rates and reduce complications of venous cannulation. Appropriately trained and experienced operators add significantly to diminished patient morbidity related to venous access procedures. We discuss a patient who required an arterial stent-graft to prevent arterial hemorrhage following inadvertent cannulation of the proximal, ventral, right subclavian artery related to unsuccessful ultrasound guided access of the subclavian vein. CASE PRESENTATION: During pre-operative preparation for aortic valve replacement and aorto-coronary bypass surgery an anesthetist attempted ultrasound guided venous access. The ultrasound guided attempt to access the right jugular vein failed and the ultrasound guided attempt at accessing the subclavian vein resulted in inappropriate placement of an 8.5 F sheath in the arterial system. Following angiographic imaging and specialist consultations, an arterial stent-graft was deployed in the right subclavian artery rather than perform an extensive anterior chest wall resection and dissection to extract the arterial sheath. The patient tolerated the procedure, without complication, despite occlusion of the right internal mammary artery and the right vertebral artery. There were no neurologic sequelae. There was no evidence of hemorrhage after subclavian artery sheath extraction and stent-graft implantation. CONCLUSION: The attempted ultrasound guided puncture of the subclavian vein resulted in placement of an 8.5 F subclavian artery catheter. Entry of the catheter into the proximal subclavian artery beneath the medial clavicle, the medial first rib and the manubrium suggests that the operator, most likely, did not directly visualize the puncture needle enter the vessel with the ultrasound. The bones of the anterior chest impede the ultrasound beam and the vessels in this area would not be visible to ultrasound imaging. Appropriate training and supervised experience in ultrasound guided venous access coupled with quality ultrasound equipment would most likely have significantly diminished the likelihood of this complication. The potential for significant patient morbidity, and possible mortality, was prevented by implantation of an arterial stent-graft
What determines growth potential and juvenile quality of farmed fish species?
Enhanced production of high quality and healthy fry is a key target for a successful and competitive expansion of the aquaculture industry. Although large quantities of fish larvae are produced, survival rates are often low or highly variable and growth potential is in most cases not fully exploited, indicating significant gaps in our knowledge concerning optimal nutritional and culture conditions. Understanding the mechanisms that control early development and muscle growth are critical for the identification of time windows in development that introduce growth variation, and improve the viability and quality of juveniles. This literature review of the current state of knowledge aims to provide a framework for a better understanding of fish skeletal muscle ontogeny, and its impact on larval and juvenile quality as broadly defined. It focuses on fundamental biological knowledge relevant to larval phenotype and quality and, in particular, on the factors affecting the development of skeletal muscle. It also discusses the available methodologies to assess growth and larvae/juvenile quality, identifies gaps in knowledge and suggests future research directions. The focus is primarily on the major farmed non-salmonid fish species in Europe that include gilthead sea bream, European sea bass, turbot, Atlantic cod, Senegalese sole and Atlantic halibut
Climate drives the geography of marine consumption by changing predator communities
Este artículo contiene 7 páginas, 3 figuras, 1 tabla.The global distribution of primary production and consumption by
humans (fisheries) is well-documented, but we have no map linking
the central ecological process of consumption within food
webs to temperature and other ecological drivers. Using standardized
assays that span 105° of latitude on four continents, we show
that rates of bait consumption by generalist predators in shallow
marine ecosystems are tightly linked to both temperature and the
composition of consumer assemblages. Unexpectedly, rates of
consumption peaked at midlatitudes (25 to 35°) in both Northern
and Southern Hemispheres across both seagrass and unvegetated
sediment habitats. This pattern contrasts with terrestrial systems,
where biotic interactions reportedly weaken away from the equator,
but it parallels an emerging pattern of a subtropical peak in
marine biodiversity. The higher consumption at midlatitudes was
closely related to the type of consumers present, which explained
rates of consumption better than consumer density, biomass, species
diversity, or habitat. Indeed, the apparent effect of temperature
on consumption was mostly driven by temperature-associated turnover
in consumer community composition. Our findings reinforce
the key influence of climate warming on altered species composition
and highlight its implications for the functioning of Earth’s
ecosystems.We acknowledge funding from the Smithsonian
Institution and the Tula Foundation.Peer reviewe