Multi-Generation Model of Immigrant Earnings: Theory and Application

The literature, starting with Chiswick (1977, 1978) to Gang and Zimmermann (2000), more recently, focuses on the economic achievements and performance of first- and second-generation migrants. This paper presents a three-generation migrant analysis, comparing relative economic performance of various migrant generations to one another and to the native population. We developed a theoretical model, which was then explored empirically using data from the 1995 Israeli Census. In both the theoretical and empirical analyses, the curve describing intergenerational immigrant earnings mobility is inversely U-shaped. The second generation earns relatively more than the first and third generations, while the third generation earns less than the second, but more than the first. Thus, assimilation of the third generation into the local population is far from clear.Intergenerational earnings mobility, migration, labor market performance.

Were customs dues levied at the time of the Prophet Muḥammad?

The levying of customs was common in pre-Islamic Arabia. They were usually levied in the annual fairs and in Mecca, where Muḥammad's ancestor, Qusayy, reportedly levied them from the non-Meccans entering Mecca. Muḥammad continued this age-old practice, hence the phrase lā yu 'sharūna wa-lā yuḥsharūna in his letters to certain parties. It exempted these parties from the payment of customs, while all the others had to pay up.La leva de impuestos de aduana era práctica común en la Arabia preislámica. Se recaudaban en las ferias anuales y en La Meca, donde el antepasado de Muḥammad, Qusayy, los recaudaba entre los no-mequenses que entraban en la ciudad. Muḥammad continuó esta práctica ancestral, como atestigua la frase lā yu 'sharūna wa-lā yuḥsharūna en algunas cartas, frase por la cual los receptores quedaban exentos de los derechos de aduana, mientras que todo el resto tenía que pagarlos

“Like Following a Mirage”: Memory and Empowerment in Alice Munro’s “The Bear Came Over the Mountain”

La nouvelle “The Bear Came Over the Mountain” d’Alice Munro est une étude sur la douleur, la perte, la trahison et, en premier lieu, une réflexion sur le principe féminin. La nouvelle a attiré l’attention d’autres écrivains – en particulier celle de Jonathan Franzen qui la classe parmi les plus belles réussites de Munro ; ou Sarah Polly qui a réalisé Away from Her, l’adaptation d’un texte fort ambigu. Le présent article souhaite revenir sur cette ambigüité. À première vue, la nouvelle décrit la tragédie d’une femme qui sombre peu à peu dans la maladie d’Alzheimer : Fiona doit apprendre à vivre avec ses défaillances mémorielles et accepter de quitter son foyer. Munro ne se satisfait jamais de présenter le point de vue limité d’un personnage. Elle laisse entrevoir, par le biais de subtiles suggestions, que le choix de Fiona de s’écarter du monde social relève d’un désir de se venger de mari volage. En d’autres termes, cet article suggère que Fiona joue la malade pour reprendre sa vie en main et ainsi échapper à l’amour hypocrite de son époux. De cette manière, la nouvelle devient l’une des illustrations récentes les plus fortes de l’ambition de Munro de décrire les femmes dans leur vie de tous les jours et d’explorer les moyens mis en œuvre pour en améliorer les conditions

Would You Publish This Book? Material Production, Canadian Criticism, and The Theatre of Form

The publication of Canadian literary criticism in its historically recognizable forms of academic discourse has dramatically decreased due to shifts in government funding policies and widespread changes in the book publishing industry. The cultural implication of this material shift in the sheer quantity of criticism published is significant: publishers are unreceptive to books about Canadian literature. Decreases in the production of Canadian criticism shift the cultural paradigms by substituting more broadly marketable cultural objects for more esoteric objects aligned with the discourse of nation as it is disseminated through critical acts. With funding from the Ontario Arts Council, the Canada Council and the Aid to Scholarly Publications Program, ECW Press published Ric Knowles's The Theatre of Form and the Production of Meaning: Contemporary Canadian Dramaturgies in 1999 at a financial loss. Most commentary on Canadian criticism does not consider the factors accounting for the material solidity, just as most academics really don't consider the issue of profit or loss associated with the production of the scholarly book as a central factor in the evaluation of the publishability of their scholarly work

Notas sobre censura y auto-censura en la biografía del Profeta Muḥammad

The study of the medieval literary output about Muḥammad’s life should go hand in hand with the study of his history, for which we have rich evidence in a variety of sources. Ibn Isḥāq’s biography of Muḥammad and its epitome by Ibn Hishām were products of their time. A case of self-censorship applied by one of Ibn Isḥāq’s informants and two cases of censorship applied by Ibn Hishām, who omitted many of his predecessor’s materials, contribute to a better understanding of the social and political context of the biography.El estudio de la producción literaria medieval sobre la vida de Muḥammad debe ir de la mano del estudio de su historia, empresa para la que disponemos de rica información en una variedad de fuentes. La biografía de Muḥammad por Ibn Isḥāq y su epítome por Ibn Hišām fueron productos de su época. Un caso de auto-censura aplicado por uno de los informantes de Ibn Isḥāq y dos casos de censura aplicados por Ibn Hišām, quien omitió muchos de los materiales de su predecesor, contribuyen a una mejor comprensión del contexto social y político de la biografía del Profeta

Displacement, Identity and Belonging for Ibyangin: The Personal Journey of Transracial Korean-Born Adoptees

The present study examined the lived experience (erlebnis) of adult transracial, Korean-born adoptees (Ibyangin; Yngvesson & Coutin, 2006) raised in the United States by White families. Long interviews (McCracken, 1988) were conducted with fourteen young adult (age 26-30) Korean-born adoptees in-person or by phone. The study was anchored in the constructivist-interpretivist research paradigm (Ponterotto, 2005) and utilized the phenomenological inquiry model (Moustakas, 1994) to explore the essence of the international transracial adoption experience. Two major clusters of meaning with additional subthemes were related to a) identity development, and b) decision to return to Korea. Limitations of the study are reviewed, implications for follow-up research are presented, and clinical applications are addressed

Muscle atrophy through thick but not thin

Ubiquitylating enzyme MuRF1 targets thick fibers in muscle

Penoscrotal Transposition: A Cadaveric Review

Introduction: With only 20 documented cases, the congenital malformation known as complete extreme penoscrotal transposition with an intact scrotum, midline raphe, and absence of hypospadias is an extremely rare abnormality. Penoscrotal transposition occurs when the scrotum fuses above the penis for a complete abnormality or does not fuse at all for an incomplete abnormality. This failure of the scrotum to descend below the penis occurs during development, when the genital swellings fail to descend below the penis and fuse. The irregularity has been known to follow an X-linked recessive pattern in some cases. In others, it results from a defect of chromosome 13. This disease would have significant clinical implications for a patient in day to day activities, as well as sexually. However, little is known as to whether this transposition impacts spermatogenesis. Method: Dissection and observations were made from a 72-year-old male as part of a gross anatomy course at Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, utilizing the methods of the dissection manual. Biopsy of the testes were taken and without further fixation processed for light microscopy, using standard techniques. Results: Upon dissection, the individual exhibited a complete extreme penoscrotal transposition, with the scrotum fused above the penis in a shawl fashion, with no hypospadias. The tunica albuginea was thickened, fused in the midline, and adhered to the testis. Histology of the testis supports that spermatogenesis was not altered. The organization of the seminiferous tubules and developing germ cells appeared to be normal. Discussion: Along with the penoscrotal transposition, many abnormalities are typically also present. It was observed that the patient had several hernias, mega colon, and many abdominal adhesions. One interesting anomaly observed during dissection was bilateral fused adductor magnus/adductor longus muscles. As a senior computer analyst, this individual likely had no cognitive or mental impairment, however, his cause of death was due to end stage Parkinson’s disease. Living with this disease would have been very difficult because the patient has virtually no protection of the testis as they are positioned superior to the penis. It would have had significant psychosocial implications for the patient, especially with regard to reproduction and sexual intercourse

Formation and quantification of protein complexes between peroxisomal alcohol oxidase and GroEL

We have studied the use of yeast peroxisomal alcohol oxidase (AO) as a model protein for in vitro binding by GroEL. Dilution of denatured AO in neutral buffer leads to aggregation of the protein, which is prevented by the addition of GroEL. Formation of complexes between GroEL and denatured AO was demonstrated by a gel-shift assay using non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and quantified by laser-densitometry of the gels. In the presence of MgAMP-PNP or MgADP the affinity of GroEL for AO was enhanced. Under these conditions up to 70% of the purified GroEL formed a complex with this protein. Release was stimulated at room temperature by MgATP, and was further enhanced by addition of GroES.

Changes in cholesterol homeostasis modify the response of F1B hamsters to dietary very long chain n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The plasma lipoprotein response of F1B Golden-Syrian hamsters fed diets high in very long chain (VLC) n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is paradoxical to that observed in humans. This anomaly is attributed, in part, to low lipoprotein lipase activity and is dependent on cholesterol status. To further elucidate the mechanism(s) for these responses, hamsters were fed diets containing supplemental fish oil (VLC n-3 PUFA) or safflower oil (n-6 PUFA) (both 10% [w/w]) and either cholesterol-supplemented (0.1% cholesterol [w/w]) or cholesterol-depleted (0.01% cholesterol [w/w] and 10 days prior to killing fed 0.15% lovastatin+2% cholestyramine [w/w]).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Cholesterol-supplemented hamsters fed fish oil, relative to safflower oil, had higher non-high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations (P < 0.001) which were associated with lower hepatic low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor, sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-1c and acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyl transferase-2 (ACAT) mRNA and protein (p < 0.05), and higher hepatic apolipoprotein (apo) B-100 and apo E protein levels. In contrast, cholesterol-depleted hamsters fed fish oil, relative to safflower oil, had lower non-HDL cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations (P < 0.001) which were associated with lower hepatic SREBP-1c (p < 0.05) but not apo B-100, apo E or ACAT-2 mRNA or protein levels. Independent of cholesterol status, fish oil fed hamsters had lower HDL cholesterol concentrations (p < 0.001), which were associated with lower hepatic apoA-I protein levels (p < 0.05).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These data suggest disturbing cholesterol homeostasis in F1B hamsters alters their response to dietary fatty acids, which is reflected in altered plasma lipoprotein patterns and regulation of genes associated with their metabolism.</p