222 research outputs found

    Lydie Lansard, De NicodĂšme Ă  Gamaliel. Les rĂ©Ă©critures de l’Évangile de NicodĂšme dans la littĂ©rature narrative mĂ©diĂ©vale (xiie-xvie siĂšcle). Étude et Ă©ditions

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    Ce travail a pour objet les rĂ©Ă©critures en ancien et en moyen français de l’Évangile de NicodĂšme dans la littĂ©rature narrative mĂ©diĂ©vale. Il s’attache Ă  comprendre comment, d’une part, les rĂ©Ă©critures de ce rĂ©cit apocryphe proche des Ă©vangiles canoniques s’arrangent d’une permissivitĂ© gĂ©nĂ©rique et hybrident leur propos tant sur le plan narratif que discursif, alors que, d’autre part, elles participent du thĂšme de la Passion, thĂšme qui ne peut se permettre une trop grande plasticitĂ©. Si les rĂ©..

    Croissance post-traumatique chez les citoyens de Lac-MĂ©gantic trois ans aprĂšs la catastrophe ferroviaire de juillet 2013

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    Le 6 juillet 2013, un train a dĂ©raillĂ© en plein centre-ville de Lac-MĂ©gantic (MRC du Granit, QuĂ©bec, Canada). Cette catastrophe technologique a entraĂźnĂ© des pertes humaines et matĂ©rielles importantes ainsi que de graves consĂ©quences sur le fonctionnement psychosocial de plusieurs citoyens. Trois ans aprĂšs cet Ă©vĂšnement traumatique, ce mĂ©moire porte un intĂ©rĂȘt particulier aux changements positifs que peuvent percevoir certaines personnes Ă  la suite d’une telle catastrophe. Lorsque ces perceptions sont nombreuses et d’intensitĂ© modĂ©rĂ©e ou Ă©levĂ©e, il est possible que ces individus fassent preuve de croissance post-traumatique, telle qu’évaluĂ©e par le Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) de Tedeschi et Calhoun (1996). Plusieurs facteurs prĂ©dictifs de ce phĂ©nomĂšne ont Ă©tĂ© repĂ©rĂ©s dans les prĂ©cĂ©dentes Ă©tudes consultĂ©es, mais ceux-ci soulĂšvent encore des interrogations. De plus, Ă  l’heure actuelle, certains chercheurs estiment que la croissance post-traumatique est rĂ©elle et dĂ©coule d’un processus cognitif, tandis que d’autres conçoivent que la croissance post-traumatique doit plutĂŽt ĂȘtre considĂ©rĂ©e comme des changements positifs illusoires traduisant l’adoption d’une stratĂ©gie d’adaptation centrĂ©e sur les Ă©motions. C’est pourquoi, dans ce mĂ©moire, l’interprĂ©tation des rĂ©sultats a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e en se basant sur le modĂšle du fonctionnement descriptif de la croissance post-traumatique (Tedeschi et Calhoun, 2004), tout en gardant Ă  l’esprit les autres conceptions de ce phĂ©nomĂšne dĂ©veloppĂ©es par d’autres auteurs. Par ailleurs l’approche bioĂ©cologique de Bronfenbrener (1979) a aussi permis de mettre en lumiĂšre les impacts positifs de cette catastrophe ferroviaire dans diffĂ©rents aspects de la vie des rĂ©pondants ainsi que les facteurs associĂ©s Ă  la croissance post-traumatique. La prĂ©sente recherche a Ă©tĂ© menĂ©e plus de trois ans aprĂšs le dĂ©raillement de train auprĂšs de 85 personnes afin : 1) d’identifier les facteurs prĂ©-, pĂ©ri- et post-catastrophe associĂ©s Ă  la prĂ©sence d’une croissance post-traumatique chez des adultes demeurant Ă  Lac-MĂ©gantic et 2) d’identifier les retombĂ©es positives du dĂ©raillement du train, telles que perçues par ces mĂȘmes rĂ©pondants. Ce mĂ©moire repose sur un devis mixte dans lequel chaque rĂ©pondant a d’abord complĂ©tĂ© un questionnaire administrĂ© par tĂ©lĂ©phone, pour ensuite participer Ă  une entrevue semi-dirigĂ©e. Les rĂ©sultats de cette Ă©tude dĂ©montrent qu’à long terme, aprĂšs le dĂ©raillement du train, un nombre non nĂ©gligeable d’individus font preuve de croissance post-traumatique. La plupart des rĂ©pondants rencontrĂ©s ont donc Ă©tĂ© en mesure de percevoir des changements positifs dans les cinq domaines du PTGI : nouvelles possibilitĂ©s, relations avec les autres, apprĂ©ciation de la vie, forces personnelles et changements spirituels. Par ailleurs, des changements positifs ont Ă©galement Ă©tĂ© nommĂ©s par les rĂ©pondants dans leur vie personnelle, conjugale, familiale, professionnelle, sociale et communautaire. Les rĂ©sultats de cette Ă©tude montrent aussi que, mĂȘme si certaines personnes n’ont pas un score suffisamment Ă©levĂ© pour estimer qu’ils font preuve de croissance post-traumatique, la majoritĂ© des rĂ©pondants ont rapportĂ© au moins un changement positif dans leur vie. Par ailleurs, la prĂ©sence de changements positifs cohabite avec des impacts nĂ©gatifs de la catastrophe, particuliĂšrement en ce qui concerne la santĂ© physique et psychologique. Les donnĂ©es recueillies lors de la passation du questionnaire dĂ©montrent la prĂ©sence de liens entre le genre et le deuil compliquĂ© et la croissance post-traumatique. Ainsi, les femmes sont plus nombreuses que les hommes Ă  faire preuve de croissance post-traumatique, tandis que le deuil compliquĂ© semble faire obstacle Ă  ce phĂ©nomĂšne. De plus, cette Ă©tude montre que la capacitĂ© Ă  reprendre un rythme de vie normale et la capacitĂ© Ă  faire face Ă  d’autres Ă©vĂšnements stressants sont deux modes de gestion de la catastrophe associĂ©s positivement Ă  la croissance post-traumatique. L’analyse du discours des rĂ©pondants a, pour sa part, permis de constater que le partage de ses Ă©motions et de son vĂ©cu avec les membres de son entourage aprĂšs une catastrophe joue un rĂŽle non nĂ©gligeable dans l’apparition de changements positifs dans la vie des citoyens. Les personnes vont Ă©galement se comparer aux autres pour pouvoir se concentrer sur le positif. De plus, percevoir certains changements positifs dans certains aspects de leur vie, notamment s’impliquer dans sa communautĂ© aprĂšs la catastrophe semble induire d’autres changements positifs dans leur vie. Finalement, certains changements positifs sont perçus par les rĂ©pondants comme des stratĂ©gies d’adaptation et d’autres sont le rĂ©sultat d’une adaptation rĂ©ussie. En somme, cette recherche a permis d’approfondir les connaissances sur les impacts positifs pouvant survenir aprĂšs une catastrophe et les facteurs pouvant favoriser la croissance post-traumatique. Par ailleurs, elle permet d’inviter les intervenants sociaux Ă  tenir compte, lors de leur soutien aux victimes d’évĂšnements traumatiques, de la prĂ©sence potentielle de retombĂ©es positives permettant ainsi de donner de l’espoir et d’accompagner ces personnes vers un dĂ©veloppement personnel plutĂŽt que de se focaliser uniquement sur la rĂ©duction de leur symptomatologie

    Lydie Lansard, De NicodĂšme Ă  Gamaliel. Les rĂ©Ă©critures de l’Évangile de NicodĂšme dans la littĂ©rature narrative mĂ©diĂ©vale (xiie-xvie siĂšcle). Étude et Ă©ditions

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    Ce travail a pour objet les rĂ©Ă©critures en ancien et en moyen français de l’Évangile de NicodĂšme dans la littĂ©rature narrative mĂ©diĂ©vale. Il s’attache Ă  comprendre comment, d’une part, les rĂ©Ă©critures de ce rĂ©cit apocryphe proche des Ă©vangiles canoniques s’arrangent d’une permissivitĂ© gĂ©nĂ©rique et hybrident leur propos tant sur le plan narratif que discursif, alors que, d’autre part, elles participent du thĂšme de la Passion, thĂšme qui ne peut se permettre une trop grande plasticitĂ©. Si les rĂ©..

    FESDIA (v1.0): exploring temporal variations of sediment biogeochemistry under the influence of flood events using numerical modelling

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    Episodic events of flood deposit in coastal environments are characterized by deposition of large quantities of sediment containing reactive organic matter within short periods of time. While steady-state modelling is common in sediment biogeochemical modelling, the inclusion of these events in current early diagenesis models has yet to be demonstrated. We adapted an existing model of early diagenetic processes to include the ability to mimic an immediate organic carbon deposition. The new model version (FESDIA) written in Fortran and R programming language was able to reproduce the basic trends from field sediment porewater data affected by the November 2008 flood event in the RhĂŽne River prodelta. Simulation experiments on two end-member scenarios of sediment characteristics dictated by field observation (1–high thickness deposit, with low TOC (total organic carbon) and 2–low thickness, with high TOC), reveal contrasting evolutions of post-depositional profiles. A first-order approximation of the differences between subsequent profiles was used to characterize the timing of recovery (i.e. relaxation time) from this alteration. Our results indicate a longer relaxation time of approximately 4 months for SO42- and 5 months for DIC (dissolved inorganic carbon) in the first scenario, and less than 3 months for the second scenario which agreed with timescale observed in the field. A sensitivity analysis across a spectrum of these end-member cases for the organic carbon content (described as the enrichment factor α) and for sediment thickness indicates that the relaxation time for oxygen, sulfate, and DIC decreases with increasing organic enrichment for a sediment deposition that is less than 5 cm. However, for larger deposits (&gt;14 cm), the relaxation time for oxygen, sulfate, and DIC increases with α. This can be related to the depth-dependent availability of oxidant and the diffusion of species. This study emphasizes the significance of these sediment characteristics in determining the sediment's short-term response in the presence of an episodic event. Furthermore, the model described here provides a useful tool to better understand the magnitude and dynamics of flooding event on biogeochemical reactions on the seafloor.</p

    Study Of The Phytoplankton Plume Dynamics Off The Crozet Islands (Southern Ocean): A Geochemical-Physical Coupled Approach

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    2169-9291The Crozet Archipelago, in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean, constitutes one of the few physical barriers to the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Interaction of the currents with the sediments deposited on the margins of these islands contributes to the supply of chemical elements--including iron and other micro-nutrients--to offshore high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll (HNLC) waters. This natural fertilization sustains a phytoplankton bloom that was studied in the framework of the KEOPS-2 project. In this work, we investigated the time scales of the surface water transport between the Crozet Island shelves and the offshore waters, a transport that contributes iron to the phytoplankton bloom. We report shelf-water contact ages determined using geochemical tracers (radium isotopes) and physical data based on in situ drifter data and outputs of a model based on altimetric Lagrangian surface currents. The apparent ages of surface waters determined using the three independent methods are in relatively good agreement with each other. Our results provide constraints on the time scales of the transport between the shelf and offshore waters near the Crozet Islands and highlight the key role played by horizontal transport in natural iron fertilization and in defining the extension of the chlorophyll plume in this HNLC region of the Southern Ocean

    Medium-term effects of a train derailment on the physical and psychological health of men

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    In July 2013, the derailment of a train caused the death of 47 people and the destruction of Lac-MĂ©gantic’s downtown area (Canada). Three years after this event, a population survey was conducted among a representative sample of 800 adults, including 282 men. Several significant differences were observed among respondents of a survey based on their level of exposure to this tragedy, including their physical (changes in physical health) and psychological health (post-traumatic stress disorder, mood and anxiety disorders, psychological distress, signs of depression, consultation of social workers and psychologists) as well as their use of prescribed (anxiolytics and antidepressants) and nonprescribed drugs. Such results can be explained by the nature, magnitude, and cause of the event

    Pistes d'interventions psychosociales pour préserver les jeunes des impacts des catastrophes naturelles ou technologiques

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    Cette recension a pour objectifs de documenter les approches et les principes d'intervention recommandés dans les écrits pour intervenir auprÚs des jeunes en contexte de catastrophe, de décrire des techniques, des stratégies, des programmes et des types d'intervention ayant déjà été mis en place auprÚs d'enfants et d'adolescents en contexte de catastrophe et d'identifier les facteurs ayant contribué à l'efficacité des interventions

    Post-disaster health status of train derailment victims with posttraumatic growth

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    In July 2013, a train derailment causing explosions and a fire in downtown Lac-Mégantic (Municipalité Régionale de Comté du Granit, Quebec, Canada) resulted in the death of 47 people and the destruction of many homes and other buildings. This article compares the physical and psychological health of 624 adults from the Granit area exposed to this disaster three years after the tragedy, comparing based on the presence or absence of posttraumatic growth. Women, people with high levels of social support, lower levels of education, and with lower incomes were more likely to show posttraumatic growth. For psychological health, the presence of post-traumatic stress symptoms and the use of antidepressants were positively related to posttraumatic growth. Our study demonstrates that, over time, many people managed to initiate a recovery process and to see benefits from this disaster

    Psychological impacts of the 2019 Quebec floods: findings from a large population-based study

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    Background During Spring 2019, many regions in Quebec (Canada) experienced severe floods. As much as 5,245 households were flooded and 7,452 persons were evacuated, causing extensive material and human damages. A large population-based study was therefore conducted to examine medium-term effects of this natural disaster on health and well-being. Methods Six to eight months post-floods, households located in the flooded zones (in one of the 6 Quebec regions the most severely affected) were randomly invited to participate to a telephone or a web-based survey (response rate=15.3%). Several psychological health outcomes were examined, including psychological distress (based on the 6-item Kessler Scale, score 0-24) and post-traumatic stress (based on the 15-item Impact of Event Scale, score 0-75). These outcomes were compared among 3 levels of exposure using Chi-square test: flooded (floodwater in ≄ 1 liveable room), disrupted (floodwater in non-liveable areas, loss of utilities, loss of access to services, or evacuation), and unaffected. Results Of the 3,437 participating households, 349 (10.2%) were flooded and 1230 (35.8%) were disrupted (but not flooded) during the 2019 floods. A steep gradient was observed for moderate/severe symptoms of post-traumatic stress (score ≄ 26) according to the level of exposure to flooding (unaffected: 3.0%; disrupted: 14.6%; flooded: 44.1%; p < 0.0005). For psychological distress (score ≄ 7), the baseline level (i.e. unaffected group) was 7.3% while it reached 15.0% and 38.4% in the disrupted and the flooded groups, respectively (p < 0.0005). Conclusions This study is among the largest to examine the psychological impacts of flooding. The magnitude of effects observed in flooded households is consistent with the literature and calls for stronger social and economic measures to support flood victims. Such support should help coping with initial stress, but also alleviating secondary stressors classically observed in post-flood settings

    Spatial distribution of benthic foraminifera in the RhĂŽne prodelta: faunal response to organic matter focussing

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    On many continental shelf areas, the combination of high surface water productivity coupled with limited water depth leads to important organic matter deposits on the sea floor. In the Gulf of Lion, the Rhone River is a major source of nutrients and organic matter. This important supply may create important eutrophication and hypoxia on the benthic environment. In our study, three faunal assemblages occur in relation to the organic enrichment gradient and to the oxygen penetration in the sediment. The first assemblage is situated in the immediate vicinity of the river mouth (1.3 % &lt; Corg &lt; 1.9 %; 1 mm &lt; O2 penetration&lt; 2 mm); the faunas are characterized by a low density and biodiversity; they are dominated by Fursenkoina fusiformis, Bulimina aculeata, Reophax scotti, and A. longirostra. A second assemblage is situated in the intermediate part of the organic enrichment zone (1.0 % &lt; Corg &lt; 1.3 %; 2 mm &lt; O2 penetration&lt; 4 mm) and is characterized by maximum densities and intermediate biodiversity; faunas are dominated by the species Nonionella turgida, Hopkinsina pacifica and Nonion scaphum accompanied in lower proportions by the species Rectuvigerina phlegeri. A third assemblage is situated in the outer part of the organic-rich sediments (0.7 % &lt; Corg &lt; 1.0 %; 4 &lt; O2 penetration&lt; 7 mm). The faunas are characterized by high densities and a high biodiversity; they are dominated by Cassidulina carinata accompanied in lower proportions by the species Epistominella vitrea, Valvulineria bradyana and Textularia porrecta
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