Numerical approximation of bang-bang controls for the heat equation: an optimal design approach

This work is concerned with the numerical computation of null controls of minimal $L^{\infty}$-norm for the linear heat equation with a bounded potential. Both, the cases of internal and boundary (Dirichlet and Neumann) controls are considered. Dual arguments allow to reduce the search of controls to the unconstrained minimization of a conjugate function with respect to the initial condition of a backward heat equation. However, as a consequence of the regularizing property of the heat operator, this initial (final) condition lives in a huge space, that can not be approximated with robustness. For this reason, very specific to the parabolic situation, the minimization is severally ill-posed. On the other hand, the optimality conditions for this problem show that, in general, the unique control $v$ of minimal $L^{\infty}$-norm has a bang-bang structure as he takes only two values: this allows to reformulate the problem as an optimal design problem where the new unknowns are the amplitude of the bang-bang control and the space-time regions where the control takes its two possible values. This second optimization variable is modeled through a characteristic function. Since the admissibility set for this new control problem is not convex, we obtain a relaxed formulation of it which leads to a well-posed relaxed problem and lets use a gradient descent method for the numerical resolution of the problem. Numerical experiments, for the inner and boundary controllability cases, are described within this new approach

Mickey B/Macbeth: Bringing Shakespeare to Prisons and Academia via Film Adaptation

This article examines in detail the project that will be carried out in Murcia (Spain) in 2021 involving Mickey B (dir. Tom Magill, 2007), a full-length film adaptation of Macbeth, filmed and created by the inmates of a high-security prison in Northern Ireland, Her Majesty’s Prison Maghaberry. As part of my collaboration with the Educational Shakespeare Company (ESC, now rebranded as esc films), a charity with branches in Northern Ireland and the US, I translated Mickey B into Spanish. Through this translation, I intend to introduce esc film’s work with socially excluded groups to both marginalized groups themselves and to academia in order to bring into focus the possibilities of community engagement and the necessary interlinks between academia and what happens beyond the academic world. This case study is the first to examine a finished Prison Shakespeare film project (Mickey B) outside Northern Ireland. It aims to analyze the process and artistic outcome of the project and to introduce into a Spanish context some of the ideas promoted by the film (the choice of Shakespeare’s plays to promote a reparative cultural work or the notion of inmates as victims as well as perpetrators). However, my aim is to go beyond prison Shakespeare, and to explore the numerous possibilities a film adaptation like Mickey B could have, not only in a prison context, but also within academia and film theatres. The constant and ongoing interconnections between the different scenarios and agents make this project the first of its kind in Spain.This article is one of the outputs of the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Fellowship entitled Indian Cinematic Traditions. Project ID 752060. Horizon 2020 Framework Programme

Comparative linear accuracy and reliability of cone beam CT derived 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional images constructed using an orthodontic volumetric rendering program.

The purpose of this project was to compare the accuracy and reliability of linear measurements made on 2D projections and 3D reconstructions using Dolphin 3D software (Chatsworth, CA) as compared to direct measurements made on human skulls. The linear dimensions between 6 bilateral and 8 mid-sagittal anatomical landmarks on 23 dentate dry human skulls were measured three times by multiple observers using a digital caliper to provide twenty orthodontic linear measurements. The skulls were stabilized and imaged via PSP digital cephalometry as well as CBCT. The PSP cephalograms were imported into Dolphin (Chatsworth, CA, USA) and the 3D volumetric data set was imported into Dolphin 3D (Version 2.3, Chatsworth, CA, USA). Using Dolphin 3D, planar cephalograms as well as 3D volumetric surface reconstructions were (3D CBCT) generated. The linear measurements between landmarks of each three modalities were then computed by a single observer three times. For 2D measurements, a one way ANOVA for each measurement dimension was calculated as well as a post hoc Scheffe multiple comparison test with the anatomic distance as the control group. 3D measurements were compared to anatomic truth using Student\u27s t test (PiÜ50.05). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and absolute linear and percentage error were determined as indices of intraobserver reliability. Our results show that for 2D mid sagittal measurements that Simulated LC images are accurate and similar to those from PSP images (except for Ba-Na), and for bilateral measurements simulated LC measurements were similar to PSP but less accurate, underestimating dimensions by between 4.7% to 17%.For 3D volumetric renderings, 2/3 rd of CBCT measurements are statistically different from actual measurements, however this possibly is not clinically relevant

Alternatives to the deprivation of liberty in our juvenile justice system beyond the preliminary investigation procedures. The resource of restorative justice and the principle of flexibility

Uno de los principios inspiradores reconocidos universalmente de cualquier sistema de justicia juvenil refiere que la utilización de la privación de libertad debe ser el último recurso. Transcurrida la mayoría de edad de nuestra Ley Orgánica 5/2000 reguladora de la responsabilidad penal de los menores, en este trabajo se pretende analizar algunas de las opciones que nuestro sistema de justicia juvenil ofrece como alternativas a la privación de libertad de los menores infractores. Las herramientas que ofrece la justicia restaurativa permiten, como se podrá ver, que en determinadas fases del procedimiento se puedan alcanzar soluciones más adecuadas que el internamiento de menores teniendo en cuenta cual es nuestro perfil de menor en conflicto con la ley. Para ello se tienen en consideración aspectos fundamentales como son el interés superior del menor, la perspectiva educativa que se tiene que mantener en la intervención con el menor infractor y la atención a las necesidades de las víctimas.One of the universally recognized inspiring principles of any juvenile justice system refers that the use of deprivation of liberty must be the last option. After the age of majority of our Ley Orgánica 5/2000 regulating the criminal responsibility of minors, this work tries to analyze some options that our juvenile justice system offers as alternatives to the deprivation of liberty of juvenile offenders. The tools offered by restorative justice allow, as it can be seen, that there are more adequate solutions at any stage of the proceedings than the detention of minors, considering our profile of minors in conflict with the law. For this, fundamental aspects such as the best interests of the child, the educational perspective should be considered in the intervention with the minor offender and attention to the needs of the victims are taken into consideration

The Bioeconomy: An Opportunity for the Spanish Economy

The objective of this chapter will be to show the possibilities of the bioeconomy in Spain and how it can help to create new productive models that favor the sustainable economic development, taking into consideration the circular economy framework that the EU Commission has launched. For this, we will collect the current socioeconomic weight of the sectors that integrate the bioeconomy in Spain. We will then review the current policies and those that are predictably a short and medium term, at European level, and are going to affect the use of biological resources, as well as the evolution of the behavior of European Consumers. This will give us the chance to demonstrate the need and the opportunity to move forward different economic activities through the interaction between science, society, and companies, in order to increase efficiency and sustainability in the traditional value chains and, at the same time, to create new ones. Then we will briefly describe the Spanish strategy of bioeconomy: the process of elaboration, its essential elements, and observatory of bioeconomy, as the instrument that promotes its development. We will describe the Spanish Bioeconomy Observatory as a tool to move forward towards an ecosystem where science and technology, society, and the economy work together to overcome the challenges of our society

When nanoemulsified, d-limonene reduces Listeria monocytogenes heat resistance about one hundred times

AbstractThe application of oily antimicrobials in form of nanoemulsion has been proved to solve the problem of their immiscibility in aqueous media, still preventing microbial growth and even improving the antimicrobial effect observed when applied directly. At present, only a few documented studies have evaluated the combined effect of nanoemulsions with other factors of stress for the microorganism. The present research shows very promising results on the combination of nanoemulsified d-limonene with thermal treatments on the inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes. The thermal resistance of L. monocytogenes was reduced two to five times when 0.5 mM d-limonene was added directly to the heating medium. However, when the same concentration of d-limonene was present in the heating medium in form of nanoemulsion, the heat resistance was reduced by one hundred times at all heating temperatures tested. The addition of nanoemulsified antimicrobials would allow to reduce greatly the intensity of the thermal treatments currently applied in the food processing industry

Optimal internal stabilization of the linear system of elasticity

We consider the nonlinear optimal design problem which consists in finding the best position and shape of the internal viscous damping set for the stabilization of the linear system of elasticity. Since non-existence of classical designs is usual in this context, a relaxation of the original problem is proposed. Then, the relaxed problem is solved numerically. Finally, a penalization technique to recover quasi-optimal classical designs from the relaxed ones and the over-damping phenomenon are analyzed in several numerical experiments