Ecclesiology and Ministry as Reflected in Contemporary Ordination Rites

(Excerpt) The ministry is a problem and the doctrine of the ministry has been, for Lutheran theology, an insoluble problem. Perhaps the root of the problem is more ecclesiastical than ecclesiological. Robert Paul has suggested that for every kind of ecclesiology there is a related form of ordained ministry. 1 The Lutheran doctrine of the church is clear (although we have some problems defining and numbering sacraments and thus the marks of the church); but our church polity is confused --to say the least. Current discussions of Lutheran unity and possible merger under three different types of organization reflect that lack of .clarity

A new paradigm of governance for a carbon-pricing system

Throughout its life, the United Nations has played a pioneering role in the world of ideas. COP21 – also known as Paris 2015 – shows the path for the United Nations to establish a new governance that will enforce the compliance of a new planetary carbon-pricing system. Maintaining global warming below 2 °C means implementing an efficient carbon-pricing system, supported by effective measures promoting a green energy transition. A planetary carbon governance yields a number of new insights that include the following: (1) a bonus-malus system with a fixed signal price for carbon, (2) a planetary carbon market that will gather existing regional carbon markets, (3) a hybrid carbon-pricing system linking a carbon tax and a carbon market for advanced countries and (4) a support mechanism for emerging and developing countries to assist them with a carbon-pricing system. This new governance will promote an energy transition plan. In the COP21 context, responsible policymaking requires key characteristics for the enforcement of a successful planetary carbon-pricing system

Human African Trypanosomiasis: Real Obstacles to Elimination

Abstract presented at: 5ème Congrès International de Pathologie Infectieuse et Parasitaire - en présence du Ministre de la Santé, Kinshasa, DRC, November 2009Significant progress has been made in controlling human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) caused by T.b. gambiense as evidenced by the clear decline in the number of reported cases in recent years. Now the prevailing discourse is about the possible elimination of HAT and the need to integrate treatment for it into existing health structures. However, “Hot spots” still exist and one of which is the northeastern region of Orientale Province in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). In this region there is neither a monitoring system nor working health centres capable of diagnosing and treating patients.\ud An assessment carried out by the DRC’s national program to fight HAT and Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) in 2004 discovered an alarming prevalence (2.1%) in the region. Between June 2007 and March 2009 MSF launched a HAT monitoring program in the Doruma, Ango, and Bili health zones. The overall prevalence was found to be 3.4%. Of the 46,601 people tested (18,559 through passive screening and 28,042 through active screening), 1,570 people were infected with T.b. gambiense. Of that group, 947 (60%) were in the first phase of HAT, indicating intense transmission of the disease. \ud Due to the acute insecurity in this region of the DRC, MSF had to suspend its projects in March 2009, even though the limits of the disease foci had not yet been reached. Moreover, the disease could spread further by the displacement of entire populations who are fleeing the insecurity and heading for areas that had been previously “cleaned” of HAT.\ud The intervention, which took place during a crisis situation, leads us to question the feasibility of eliminating HAT and integrating treatment in crisis areas where health services are at a minimum

Propulsion Mechanisms for Leidenfrost Solids on Ratchets

We propose a model for the propulsion of Leidenfrost solids on ratchets based on viscous drag due to the flow of evaporating vapor. The model assumes pressure-driven flow described by the Navier-Stokes equations and is mainly studied in lubrication approximation. A scaling expression is derived for the dependence of the propulsive force on geometric parameters of the ratchet surface and properties of the sublimating solid. We show that the model results as well as the scaling law compare favorably with experiments and are able to reproduce the experimentally observed scaling with the size of the solid

Strategic activities in support of young French SMEs

In this paper we closely study young French Small and Medium Enteprises (SMEs). We highlight the structure of this target firms and we build a typology of corresponding business models. The business models stemming from this typology are typical (to the greatest extent possible) and actionable. We are particularly intersted in indentifying groups of SMEs where gouvernement assistance would be particularly effective and strategically valuable for the national economy. One of our conclusins is that the typology is not based on a classical growth model that reflects progressive phases of developement in the life of a young firm. Furthermore, it is ineffective and wasteful to focus governement assistance efforts on firms based on their age. We identify groups of business models where assistance would be more effecient and strategically more effective.SME ; growth ; growth model ; typology

Définition et etude des Bilangages réguliers

enThe paper presents a definition of “arborescent structures” (or ramifications) enabling to process them algebraically. “Languages” formed with ramifications are defined and we call them “bilanguages.” The notion of regular language is then generalized into the notion of regular bilanguage. These regular bilanguages are compared to those generated by context-free grammars. Their properties are demonstrated; especially, a theorem analogous to Kleene's theorem on regular languages is stated

Global Carbon Budget: Ocean carbon sink.

CO2 emissions from human activities, the main contributor to global climate change, are set to rise again in 2014 reaching 40 billion tonnes CO2 The natural carbon ‘sinks’ on land and in the ocean absorb on average 55% of the total CO2 emissions, thus slowing the rate of global climate change Increasing CO2 in the oceans is causing ocean acidificatio

Fluid coating from a polymer solution

International audienceNew experiments on coating of a wire with aqueous poly(ethylene oxide) solutions are reported. If these experiments are compared with coating with a pure Liquid of the same physical characteristics, a strong thickening of the liquid layer is observed. This effect is described by considering the normal stresses, which allows us to obtain an analytical expression for the coated thickness in good agreement with the data