CITRA PUSAT KOTA KOTA KOTAMOBAGU

Pada era globalisasi saat ini suatu kota yang berada dalam tahap perkembangan diperlukan adanya suatu citra kota atau identitas kota untuk mengarah pada kota modern. Citra kota menjadi sesuatu yang penting untuk mengenal ciri khas dari kota itu sendiri. Oleh karena itu,dengan judul penelitian yang ada dapat menemukan citra kota di Kota Kotamobagu melalui lima elemen pembentuk citra kota dalam teori Kevin Lynch. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Citra Kota Kotamobagu menurut masyarakat Kotamobagu dan untuk mendapatkan citra kota atau image kota yang sangatsignifikan dari kelima elemen pembentuk citra kota di Kota Kotamobagu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dimana landasan teori yang berkaitan dengan judul citra pusat Kota Kotamobagu dimanfaatkan sebagai pemandu agar fokus penelitian sesuai dengan fakta di lapangan dan sebagai bahan pembahasan hasil penelitian.Serta menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif, data kuantitatif dipakai untuk membuat kesimpulan pada peta mental maupun kuesioner berdasarkan hasil presentase responden yang berjumlah 60 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, pusat kota Kota Kotamobagu memiliki lima elemen pembentuk citra kota oleh kevin lynch yaitu Path berupa Jalan Adampe Dolot, Edges berupa sungai Molinow, District berupa kawasan perdagangan dan jasa, Nodes berupa Taman Kota, dan Landmark berupa Bangunan Paris Super Store. Persepsi masyarakat terhadap citra pusat kota Kota Kotamobagu sudah baik sehingga masyarakat dapat mengetahui citra kota yang ada. Akan tetapi, terdapat perbedaan persepsi yang dipengaruhi oleh kategori responden yang dibagi menjadi kategori remaja dan dewasa.   Kata Kunci : Citra Kota, Pusat Kota, Persepsi, Kota Kotamobagu

Nicotine Impaired Bone Histomorphometric Parameters And Bone Remodeling Biomarkers In Sprague-Dawley Male Rats

The effects of nicotine administration on structural and cellular parameters of bone histomorphometry, cotinine, and biomarkers of bone remodeling were studied in twenty-one Sprague-Dawley male rats. Rats aged three months and weighing between 250-300 g were divided into three groups. Group 1 was the baseline group, which was sacrificed without treatment. The other 2 groups were the control group and the nicotine group. The nicotine group was treated with nicotine 7 mg/kg body weight and the C group was treated with normal saline only. Treatment was given by intraperitoneal injection, six days a week for a period of 4 months. Histomorphometric analysis was done on the metaphyseal region of the trabecular bone of the left femur by using an image analyzer. Biochemical analysis was done using ELISA-test kit to compare the serum cotinine, osteocalcin and pyridinoline (PYD) levels between pretreatment and after 4 months treatment in the control and nicotine groups. Histomorphometric analysis revealed that nicotine significantly decreased the trabecular bone volume (BV/TV) and the osteoblast surface (Ob.S/BS), and increased the osteoclast surface (Oc.S/BS) and the eroded surface (ES/BS) compared to the baseline and control groups. In addition, biochemical analysis showed that nicotine treatment for 4 months significantly decreased the osteocalcin (bone formation marker) levels while the cotinine and PYD (bone resorption marker) levels were increased as compared to pretreatment. We concluded that treatment with nicotine 7 mg/kg for 4 months exerted negative a effect on the trabecular bone histomorphometric parameters and bone remodeling biomarkers

Long-term thermal sensitivity of Earth’s tropical forests

The sensitivity of tropical forest carbon to climate is a key uncertainty in predicting global climate change. Although short-term drying and warming are known to affect forests, it is unknown if such effects translate into long-term responses. Here, we analyze 590 permanent plots measured across the tropics to derive the equilibrium climate controls on forest carbon. Maximum temperature is the most important predictor of aboveground biomass (−9.1 megagrams of carbon per hectare per degree Celsius), primarily by reducing woody productivity, and has a greater impact per °C in the hottest forests (>32.2°C). Our results nevertheless reveal greater thermal resilience than observations of short-term variation imply. To realize the long-term climate adaptation potential of tropical forests requires both protecting them and stabilizing Earth’s climate

Consistent patterns of common species across tropical tree communities

Trees structure the Earth’s most biodiverse ecosystem, tropical forests. The vast number of tree species presents a formidable challenge to understanding these forests, including their response to environmental change, as very little is known about most tropical tree species. A focus on the common species may circumvent this challenge. Here we investigate abundance patterns of common tree species using inventory data on 1,003,805 trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm across 1,568 locations1,2,3,4,5,6 in closed-canopy, structurally intact old-growth tropical forests in Africa, Amazonia and Southeast Asia. We estimate that 2.2%, 2.2% and 2.3% of species comprise 50% of the tropical trees in these regions, respectively. Extrapolating across all closed-canopy tropical forests, we estimate that just 1,053 species comprise half of Earth’s 800 billion tropical trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm. Despite differing biogeographic, climatic and anthropogenic histories7, we find notably consistent patterns of common species and species abundance distributions across the continents. This suggests that fundamental mechanisms of tree community assembly may apply to all tropical forests. Resampling analyses show that the most common species are likely to belong to a manageable list of known species, enabling targeted efforts to understand their ecology. Although they do not detract from the importance of rare species, our results open new opportunities to understand the world’s most diverse forests, including modelling their response to environmental change, by focusing on the common species that constitute the majority of their trees.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Evidence and gap map of studies assessing the effectiveness of interventions for people with disabilities in low‐and middle‐income countries

Background: There are approximately 1 billion people in the world with some form of disability. This corresponds to approximately 15% of the world's population (World Report on Disability, 2011). The majority of people with disabilities (80%) live in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where disability has been shown to disproportionately affect the most disadvantaged sector of the population. Decision makers need to know what works, and what does not, to best invest limited resources aimed at improving the well-being of people with disabilities in LMICs. Systematic reviews and impact evaluations help answer this question. Improving the availability of existing evidence will help stakeholders to draw on current knowledge and to understand where new research investments can guide decision-making on appropriate use of resources. Evidence and gap maps (EGMs) contribute by showing what evidence there is, and supporting the prioritization of global evidence synthesis needs and primary data collection. Objectives: The aim of this EGM is to identify, map and describe existing evidence of effectiveness studies and highlight gaps in evidence base for people with disabilities in LMICs. The map helps identify priority evidence gaps for systematic reviews and impact evaluations. Methods: The EGM included impact evaluation and systematic reviews assessing the effect of interventions for people with disabilities and their families/carers. These interventions were categorized across the five components of community-based rehabilitation matrix; health, education, livelihood, social and empowerment. Included studies looked at outcomes such as, health, education, livelihoods, social inclusion and empowerment, and were published for LMICs from 2000 onwards until January 2018. The searches were conducted between February and March 2018. The EGM is presented as a matrix in which the rows are intervention categories (e.g., health) and subcategories (e.g., rehabilitation) and the column outcome domains (e.g., health) and subdomains (e.g., immunization). Each cell lists the studies for that intervention for those outcomes, with links to the available studies. Included studies were therefore mapped according to intervention and outcomes assessed and additional filters as region, population and study design were also coded. Critical appraisal of included systematic review was done using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews’ rating scale. We also quality-rated the impact evaluation using a quality assessment tool based on various approaches to risk of bias assessment. Results: The map includes 166 studies, of which 59 are systematic reviews and 107 impact evaluation. The included impact evaluation are predominantly quasiexperimental studies (47%). The numbers of studies published each year have increased steadily from the year 2000, with the largest number published in 2017.The studies are unevenly distributed across intervention areas. Health is the most heavily populated area of the map. A total of 118 studies of the 166 studies concern health interventions. Education is next most heavily populated with 40 studies in the education intervention/outcome sector. There are relatively few studies for livelihoods and social, and virtually none for empowerment. The most frequent outcome measures are health-related, including mental health and cognitive development (n = 93), rehabilitation (n = 32), mortality and morbidity (n = 23) and health check-up (n = 15). Very few studies measured access to assistive devices, nutrition and immunization. Over half (n = 49) the impact evaluation come from upper-middle income countries. There are also geographic gaps, most notably for low income countries (n = 9) and lower-middle income countries (n = 34). There is a fair amount of evidence from South Asia (n = 73) and Sub-Saharan Africa (n = 51). There is a significant gap with respect to study quality, especially with respect to impact evaluation. There appears to be a gap between the framing of the research, which is mostly within the medical model and not using the social model of disability. Conclusion: Investing in interventions to improve well-being of people with disabilities will be critical to achieving the 2030 agenda for sustainable development goals. The EGM summarized here provides a starting point for researchers, decision makers and programme managers to access the available research evidence on the effectiveness of interventions for people with disabilities in LMICs in order to guide policy and programme activity, and encourage a more strategic, policy-oriented approach to setting the future research agenda

Phylogenetic classification of the world's tropical forests

Knowledge about the biogeographic affinities of the world’s tropical forests helps to better understand regional differences in forest structure, diversity, composition, and dynamics. Such understanding will enable anticipation of region-specific responses to global environmental change. Modern phylogenies, in combination with broad coverage of species inventory data, now allow for global biogeographic analyses that take species evolutionary distance into account. Here we present a classification of the world’s tropical forests based on their phylogenetic similarity. We identify five principal floristic regions and their floristic relationships: (i) Indo-Pacific, (ii) Subtropical, (iii) African, (iv) American, and (v) Dry forests. Our results do not support the traditional neo- versus paleotropical forest division but instead separate the combined American and African forests from their Indo-Pacific counterparts. We also find indications for the existence of a global dry forest region, with representatives in America, Africa, Madagascar, and India. Additionally, a northern-hemisphere Subtropical forest region was identified with representatives in Asia and America, providing support for a link between Asian and American northern-hemisphere forests.</p

Curcumin as an anti-arthritic agent in collagen-induced arthritic sprague-dawley rats

Curcuma longa or turmeric has long been used in traditional medicine by the local population in Malaysia as an antiinflammatory agent. It has been proven to contain natural antiarthritic compound called curcumin. Joints abnormality and destruction have been implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) due to inflammatory reactions. In this study, collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model was utilized to study the effects of curcumin on joint inflammation in Sprague-Dawley rats. Body weight measurement, arthritis score assessment and radiology score assessment were carried out at specific intervals throughout this study. The results showed that the mean arthritis and radiology scores for animal groups designated as CIA CurcuminC and CIA CurcuminT were significantly lower compared with the negative control (CIA OV) group respectively. The mean arthritis scores for CIA CurcuminC group is significantly lower compared with CIA CurcuminT group but there is no significant difference in the mean radiology scores between the CIA CurcuminC and CIA CurcuminT groups. In conclusion, the oral supplementation of curcumin at the dose of 110 mg/mL/kg/day has a potential to delay and improve joint abnormality and injury in Sprague-Dawley rats with CIA

Hotel Wisata di Kotamobagu. Arsitektur Nusantara

Perkembangan perekonomian Kota Kotamobagu ke depan diperkirakan akan mengalami peningkatan yang pesat dikarenakan dinamika sosial ekonomi yang sangat aktif. Dapat dibayangkan saat ini Kota Kotamobagu telah menjadi simpul utama bagi beberapa kabupaten sekitar yang berdekatan seperti: Bolaang Mongondow, Bolaang Mongondow Selatan, Bolaang Mongondow Timur, dan bahkan Minahasa Selatan. Pada bagian lain Kota Kotamobagu telah berkembang jasa hotel dan restoran yang sangat mendukung pengembangan pariwisata di daerah, baik di Kota Kotamobagu sendiri maupun kabupaten-kabupaten sekitar serta provinsi dan nasional, maka untuk lebih mendukung wisatawan datang ke Kota Kotamobagu, harus ada hotel-hotel mewah yang menarik para wisatawan berkunjung ke Kotamobagu. Pengembangan Hotel Wisata dengan Tema Arsitektur Nusantara akan menjadi prospek yang menjanjikan dimasa moderen sekarang ini dengan berbagai alasan. Dengan menghadirkan hotel yang berkarakter Kotamobagu akan menjadi daya tarik wisatawan datang ke Kota Kotamobagu