La UNL y su política de movilidad estudiantil a los largo de 20 años

O CONGRESSO DE INTERNACIONALIZAÇÃO DA EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR – CIES 2019 é um evento in- ternacional, que reúne professores, pesquisadores e estudantes de graduação e pós-graduação para divulgar a produção científica no campo da Internacionalização do Ensino Superior e fortalecer a cooperação internacional entre diferentes instituições de ensino e grupos de pesquisa no âmbito do MERCOSUL. A iniciativa é fruto de uma parceria entre pesquisadores da Universidade Federal da Integra- ção Latino-Americana (UNILA - Brasil), a Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL - Argentina), a Uni- versidad Nacional de Asunción (UNA - Paraguay) e a Universidad de la República (UDeLaR - Uru- guay), que atuam em projetos vinculados ao Setor Educacional do MERCOSUL, no Núcleo de Estudos e Investigações em Educação Superior. O evento será realizado nos dias 4, 5 e 6 de Setembro de 2019 no campus PTI da UNILA, dentro do Parque Tecnológico da Usina Hidrelétrica de Itaipu, na cidade de Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brasil. A UNILA, sede do evento, é uma universidade temática criada em 2010 pelo governo federal do Brasil com a missão institucional de formar recursos humanos aptos a contribuir com a integra- ção latino-americana, com o desenvolvimento regional e com o intercâmbio cultural, científico e educacional da América Latina, especialmente no MERCOSUL. Sua finalidade, portanto, é conver- ter-se em um espaço de encontros, de trocas e de aprendizagem mútua, que reforçam o compro- misso em prol da pertinência, da excelência e da construção sustentável de um mundo melhor.La Educación Superior se encuentra atravesada por diferentes fenómenos que la condicionan significativamente. Entre ellos se pueden mencionar la globalización, que demanda de las instituciones la capacidad de adaptarse a un mundo cada vez más interconectado, el desarrollo de la comunicación e información y la creciente importancia del conocimiento en función del desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías (Theiler; 2009). La internacionalización no es una dimensión más de la dinámica universitaria, sino que es transversal a las diferentes dimensiones de la universidad como es la docencia, investigación y extensión (Oregioni; 2015). Los procesos de internacionalización de la Educación Superior han llevado a la conformación de programas, redes de carácter regional e internacional, titulaciones conjuntas, oferta de programas de enseñanza de idiomas y la internacionalización del currículum de las carreras universitarias. Dichos procesos se consolidan mediante diversas estrategias, acciones y tareas que las universidades se disponen a desarrollar. La movilidad estudiantil es considerada como una de las tendencias más importantes en los procesos de internacionalización de la Educación Superior, ya que permite mejorar sustancialmente la formación integral de los estudiantes que participan al lograr la incorporación de una visión cultural, académica y técnica internacional de sus estudios; en ocasiones también promueve el perfeccionamiento y/o aprendizaje de idiomas. De acuerdo con De Allende & Morones (2006), se entiende por Movilidad Estudiantil a la modalidad del intercambio académico, donde los estudiantes de las carreras de grado y posgrado realizan prácticas, cursado de asignaturas y residencias académicas en Universidades Extranjeras. La Movilidad Estudiantil es congruente no sólo en la formación integral del estudiante, sino en el desarrollo de competencias profesionales abiertas, flexibles, y adaptables a los entornos y problemas que exige el amplio espectro del ejercicio profesional. La Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) sostiene una ambiciosa política de intercambio académico internacional gracias a la cual numerosos estudiantes y docentes se movilizan cada año con destino a universidades del mundo. A su vez, la UNL recibe a alumnos y profesores internacionales que eligen estudiar, enseñar e investigar en Argentina, poniendo a su disposición una importante estructura de recursos materiales y servicios para darles alojamiento y acompañar su experiencia. El PROgrama INternacional de Movilidad de EStudiantes (PROINMES), creado en el año 1999 a través del Consejo Superior, es un instrumento de internacionalización que tiene como propósito promover el intercambio de estudiantes de grado de las distintas Facultades de la UNL. El Programa promueve el cursado de asignaturas obligatorias, optativas y electivas en universidades extranjeras.Núcleo de Estudios e Investigaciones en Educación Superior del Mercosur - NUCLEO Grupo Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Educação na América Latina – EducAL/UNILA Instituto Mercosul de Estudos Avançados – IMEA/UNILA Pró-Reitoria de Relações Institucionais e Internacionais – PROINT/UNIL

Mitochondrial biogenesis is transcriptionally repressed in lysosomal lipid storage diseases

Perturbations in mitochondrial function and homeostasis are pervasive in lysosomal storage diseases, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we report a transcriptional program that represses mitochondrial biogenesis and function in lysosomal storage diseases Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) and acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASM), in patient cells and mouse tissues. This mechanism is mediated by the transcription factors KLF2 and ETV1, which are both induced in NPC and ASM patient cells. Mitochondrial biogenesis and function defects in these cells are rescued by the silencing of KLF2 or ETV1. Increased ETV1 expression is regulated by KLF2, while the increase of KLF2 protein levels in NPC and ASM stems from impaired signaling downstream sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1), which normally represses KLF2. In patient cells, S1PR1 is barely detectable at the plasma membrane and thus unable to repress KLF2. This manuscript provides a mechanistic pathway for the prevalent mitochondrial defects in lysosomal storage diseases.Peer reviewe

Dimensions of the outer dense fibers of the buck spermatic flagellum (Capra hircus)

Las fibras densas (FD) externas forman parte del flagelo espermático y cumplen la función de dar flexibilidad a la cola junto con la vaina fibrosa. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar si existen diferencias en el diámetro de las FD a lo largo de la pieza intermedia del flagelo de los espermatozoides de machos cabríos de Camerún, para poder identificar en los cortes transversales las gotas citoplasmáticas proximales de aquellas en posición distal. Para la determinación de los diámetros de las FD se observaron cortes longitudinales espermáticos por medio de microscopía electrónica de transmisión. El diámetro promedio de las FD medidos en la porción proximal y distal de la pieza intermedia fue de 92.6 nm y 49 nm, respectivamente (p<0,001). Esta diferencia dimensional en el diámetro de las FD entre las dos porciones permitiría establecer la posición de la gota citoplasmática en los cortes transversales de espermatozoides caprinos mediante microscopía electrónica y clasificar la morfoanomalía espermática en primaria o secundaria.Outer dense fibers (DF) are part of the spermatic flagellum and it giving flexibility to the tail toghether with fibrous sheath. Dimensional differences both in diameter as can be seen in its structure. Based on sperm extractions of Cameroon goats male sperm obtained samples, the objective of this work was the find significant differences in the diameter of the DF between the proximal and distal part of the middle piece of the flagellum to identify cross-sections observed the transmission electron microscope, proximal cytoplasmic droplet (primary abnormalities) and distal cytoplasmic drops (secondary abnormalities). According to data obtained there significant dimensional differences between DF proximal and distal portions of the middle piece, which lets you determine the position of the cytoplasmic droplet in cross-sections of caprine sperm using electron microscopy and classify the source of the droplet in primary or secondary.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Glutaminolysis is a metabolic dependency in FLT3ITD acute myeloid leukemia unmasked by FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibition.

FLT3 internal tandem duplication (FLT3ITD) mutations are common in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) associated with poor patient prognosis. Although new-generation FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have shown promising results, the outcome of FLT3ITD AML patients remains poor and demands the identification of novel, specific, and validated therapeutic targets for this highly aggressive AML subtype. Utilizing an unbiased genome-wide clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 screen, we identify GLS, the first enzyme in glutamine metabolism, as synthetically lethal with FLT3-TKI treatment. Using complementary metabolomic and gene-expression analysis, we demonstrate that glutamine metabolism, through its ability to support both mitochondrial function and cellular redox metabolism, becomes a metabolic dependency of FLT3ITD AML, specifically unmasked by FLT3-TKI treatment. We extend these findings to AML subtypes driven by other tyrosine kinase (TK) activating mutations and validate the role of GLS as a clinically actionable therapeutic target in both primary AML and in vivo models. Our work highlights the role of metabolic adaptations as a resistance mechanism to several TKI and suggests glutaminolysis as a therapeutically targetable vulnerability when combined with specific TKI in FLT3ITD and other TK activating mutation-driven leukemias.P.G. is funded by the Wellcome Trust (109967/Z/15/Z) and was previously supported by the Academy of medical Sciences and Lady Tata Memorial Trust. The Huntly lab is funded by European Research Council, MRC, Bloodwise, the Kay Kendall Leukaemia Fund, the Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, and core support grants to the Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute. C.F. and A.S.H.C are funded by the Medical Research Council, Core Grant to the Cancer Unit. P.M-P. is supported by a grant from Cancer Research UK (C56179/A21617). D.S. is a Postdoctoral Fellow of the Mildred-Scheel Organisation, German Cancer Aid. This research was supported by the CIMR Flow Cytometry Core Facility. We would like to thank the Welcome Trust Sanger Institute facility for the MiSeq run

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

Mitochondrial biogenesis is transcriptionally repressed in lysosomal lipid storage diseases

Perturbations in mitochondrial function and homeostasis are pervasive in lysosomal storage diseases, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we report a transcriptional program that represses mitochondrial biogenesis and function in lysosomal storage diseases Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) and acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASM), in patient cells and mouse tissues. This mechanism is mediated by the transcription factors KLF2 and ETV1, which are both induced in NPC and ASM patient cells. Mitochondrial biogenesis and function defects in these cells are rescued by the silencing of KLF2 or ETV1. Increased ETV1 expression is regulated by KLF2, while the increase of KLF2 protein levels in NPC and ASM stems from impaired signaling downstream sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1), which normally represses KLF2. In patient cells, S1PR1 is barely detectable at the plasma membrane and thus unable to repress KLF2. This manuscript provides a mechanistic pathway for the prevalent mitochondrial defects in lysosomal storage diseases. Editorial note - This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see decision letter)

Spermatozoa ultrastructure of the dwarf African buck (<i>Capra hircus</i>)

Se realizó el estudio y descripción de la ultraestructura de los espermatozoides normales de los machos cabríos adultos enanos de Camerún (Capra Hircus) por medio de microscopía electrónica de transmisión. La cabeza tuvo forma oval o de raqueta plana, con una base cuadrada, que proporcionó un espacio cóncavo para la cola. El acrosoma cubrió estrechamente los dos primeros tercios de la cabeza. El clásico patrón de 9 + 9 + 2 pares de microtúbulos que componen el axonema fue observado a lo largo de tres los segmentos de la cola. El límite entre la pieza intermedia y la pieza principal estuvo bien definido por la presencia del anillo de Jensen o annulus. Los resultados de los estudios ultraestructurales de los espermatozoides de los machos cabríos adultos enanos de Camerún fueron similares a lo informado para los espermatozoides de otros rumiantes.Conducted the study and description of the ultrastructure of normal sperm male goats adult dwarf of Cameroon (Capra hircus) by transmission electron microscopy. Head took shape oval or flat with a square base, which provided a concave space for the tail. The acrosome tightly covered the first two-thirds of the sperm head. The classic pattern of 9 + 9 + 2 pairs of microtubules that compose the axoneme was observed in three segments of the tail. The barrier between the midpiece and the principal piece was clearly defined by the presence of the Jensen´s ring or annulus. The results of ultrastructural spermatozoa of the dwarf African bucks were similar to the other ruminants spermatozoas.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria