Persönlichkeitsgestörte Straftäter in der Schweiz: Rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen und Behandlungspraxis

Summary : The political, legal and forensic psychiatric system of Switzerland shows a strong federal structure with considerable regional differences. Securing or therapeutic measures comprise less then 1% of all punishing judgements. A comprehensive reform of the penal law with a more differentiation but also a strong tendency for security is in operation since 1-1-2007. A uniform measure of preventive detention makes no difference between dissocial and mentally disturbed offenders. The hearing of an interdisciplinary special commission is legally mandatorily at dismissal or loosenings from a detention measure now. The legal regulations in Switzerland make a greater flexibility and permeability possible in the treatment practice between penal system and forensic psychiatry. The therapeutical concepts for the treatment of offenders with personality disorders orientate themselves at international standards in Switzerlan

Konsumenten illegaler Internet-Pornographie - psychische Auffälligkeiten und Risiken der Straffälligkeit

Zusammenfassung: Der Konsum von illegaler Pornographie, insbesondere Kinderpornographie, ist weit verbreitet und die Zahl der strafrechtlichen Verurteilungen steigt stetig an. Die bisherigen, noch wenigen Forschungsresultate und therapeutischen als auch gutachterlichen empirischen Daten skizzieren folgendes Bild: Konsumenten von Kinderpornographie umfassen wie Kindsmissbraucher mittlerweile die gesamte Altersspanne und stammen aus allen sozialen Schichten. Beide Gruppen zeigen Ähnlichkeiten in abhängigem, vermeidendem und teilweise schizoidem Sozialverhalten sowie erhöhter Ängstlichkeit. Kindsmissbraucher zeigen in der Regel aber tiefgreifendere Störungen der Persönlichkeitsorganisation bis hin zur Persönlichkeitsstörung, insbesondere mit emotional instabilen und dissozialen Zügen und in der Regel wird eine Pädophilie diagnostiziert. Konsumenten von illegaler Pornographie weisen weniger Vorstrafen auf, halten sich besser an Auflagen, werden deutlich seltener rückfällig und erfüllen oft nicht die diagnostischen Kriterien für eine Pädophilie. Insbesondere zeigt sich kein eindeutiger Zusammenhang zwischen dem Konsum von Kinderpornographie ohne gleichzeitige sexuelle Kontaktdelikte und späterem Kindsmissbrauch. Die wesentlichen Risikofaktoren für eine Überlappung sind bekannt und sollten, neben subjektivem Leidensdruck, als Indikation für eine Therapie gelten. Leider verfügen bisher nur wenige Institutionen weltweit über abgestufte Therapieangebote entsprechend moderner und publizierter Standards. Dabei wären niederschwellige professionelle Angebote zur Hilfestellung, Entstigmatisierung und letztlich Deliktprävention, dringend notwendi

Forensic and psychiatric aspects of joint suicide with carbon monoxide

A case of joint suicide of a young woman and man who became acquainted in a suicide web forum and used this platform to make an appointment to commit suicide together is described. During their investigation, police were able to reconstruct the events by analysing the computer of the deceased women which was also found with the bodies. An indoor charcoal burning unit was used to release carbon monoxide as the method of suicid

Criminal recidivism of illegal pornography offenders in the overall population - a national cohort study of 4612 offenders in Switzerland

Convictions for taking, possessing and distributing pornographic photographs of children have increased with the growing use of the Internet. Previous studies of any progression to contact offences have been small scale and only a few of these have included an investigation of subsequent reconvictions for use of illegal and especially of child pornography. The aims of the present study are to compare reconviction rates among illegal pornography offenders with and without previous child contact offences. The former are referred to as “dual offenders”. This study is a national cohort study of all individuals in Switzerland convicted of an illegal pornography offence since 1973 and was followed-up until 1st November 2008. Reconvictions were ascertained using criminal records from the Federal Office of Justice of Switzerland, leading to a total of 4612 offenders, consisting of 4249 illegal pornography offenders and 363 dual offenders. Comparison of 3-year reconviction rates showed that only 0.2% of the illegal pornography offenders were convicted of contact child sex offences, whereas 2.6% of the dual offenders were reconvicted. The illegal pornography offenders were also significantly less likely to be convicted of further pornography offences, or indeed other sexual offences. The very low “progression rate” among illegal pornography offenders to contact child sexual offences, and their low rate of even repeat pornography offences suggests that community sentences remain appropriate. It is important, however, to bear in mind that conviction rates tend to underestimate the true offending rates, and that with greater access to the Internet, characteristics of pornography users may change over time

Dynamik als Leitprinzip zur Revitalisierung des Leipziger Auensystems

10 Thesen zur Revitalisierung der Leipziger Aue, eine Vision, ein konkreter Maßnahmenkatalog mit Karte zu Dynamisierungsoptionen und ein Ausblick mit Realisierungsvorschläge

Combined Forward-Backward Asymmetry Measurements in Top-Antitop Quark Production at the Tevatron

The CDF and D0 experiments at the Fermilab Tevatron have measured the asymmetry between yields of forward- and backward-produced top and antitop quarks based on their rapidity difference and the asymmetry between their decay leptons. These measurements use the full data sets collected in proton-antiproton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt s =1.96$ TeV. We report the results of combinations of the inclusive asymmetries and their differential dependencies on relevant kinematic quantities. The combined inclusive asymmetry is $A_{\mathrm{FB}}^{t\bar{t}} = 0.128 \pm 0.025$. The combined inclusive and differential asymmetries are consistent with recent standard model predictions

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good

Juxtaposing BTE and ATE – on the role of the European insurance industry in funding civil litigation

One of the ways in which legal services are financed, and indeed shaped, is through private insurance arrangement. Two contrasting types of legal expenses insurance contracts (LEI) seem to dominate in Europe: before the event (BTE) and after the event (ATE) legal expenses insurance. Notwithstanding institutional differences between different legal systems, BTE and ATE insurance arrangements may be instrumental if government policy is geared towards strengthening a market-oriented system of financing access to justice for individuals and business. At the same time, emphasizing the role of a private industry as a keeper of the gates to justice raises issues of accountability and transparency, not readily reconcilable with demands of competition. Moreover, multiple actors (clients, lawyers, courts, insurers) are involved, causing behavioural dynamics which are not easily predicted or influenced. Against this background, this paper looks into BTE and ATE arrangements by analysing the particularities of BTE and ATE arrangements currently available in some European jurisdictions and by painting a picture of their respective markets and legal contexts. This allows for some reflection on the performance of BTE and ATE providers as both financiers and keepers. Two issues emerge from the analysis that are worthy of some further reflection. Firstly, there is the problematic long-term sustainability of some ATE products. Secondly, the challenges faced by policymakers that would like to nudge consumers into voluntarily taking out BTE LEI