El sistema alimentario y el Covid-19: La necesidad de prevenir otras pandemias

Sagan, afirmaba en su libro "Dragones del Edén", que la humanidad logró florecer como civilización, en parte, gracias a que en el cerebro humano evolucionó la capacidad de prever los hechos y planificar actividades a futuro. Entonces, ¿por qué no hemos sido capaces de anticiparnos a esta pandemia, y planificar mejor una respuesta?. Las revela-ciones, sin duda, podrían ser materia de análisis multidisciplinario durante mucho tiem-po. Habiendo fallado en la anticipación2, queda ahora planificar una nueva normalidad en el mundo, ya que existe suficiente evidencia, que afirma, que es poco probable vol-ver, a como todo fue antes3. Una nueva normalidad será, aquella donde nuestras activi-dades no favorezcan el surgimiento de nuevas enfermedades?. En este marco, quizá los sistemas de salud y el alimentario, sean los primeros que deban rediseñar la manera en que funcionen

Sobre el aporte de la ciencia a la producción agropecuaria y la conservación de los recursos naturales

De manera general, la ciencia aporta con información fundamental, que debería ser usada racionalmente para la toma dedecisiones en el mundo. En su forma más imparcial y noble, contribuye a acrecentar el conocimiento humano y mejorarnuestras vidas como sociedad. Ahí radica su importancia, y es en parte la razón de porque, a pesar de los cambiosconstantes en el mundo, la investigación y producción científica reciben mucho impulso, especialmente en los paísesindustrializados. Como dato, un estudio de la United States National Science Foundation (NSF), da cuenta, de quefinalizado el 2017 y por primera vez, China ha superado a Estados Unidos en cantidad de artículos científicos publicados.No obstante éste último, continúa siendo líder y referente en investigación, que atrae a investigadores de todo el mundoy traduce la ciencia en importante propiedad intelectual. (Tollefson 2018

Modelo de fluctuación poblacional de moscas de la fruta Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann 1824) y Anastrepha spp (Díptera: Tephritidae) en dos rutas en el municipio de Caranavi, Bolivia

The institutions linked to plant health in Bolivia, propose a trapping methodology, to establish the populationfluctuation of fruit fly and execute control activities. PROMOSCA, as a national program, monitored during 3years, the population fluctuation of this plague, in two routes in Caranavi municipality, La Paz.Present investigation, used the data obtained in field, trapping methodology, environmental and biological cyclevariables, to determine the population fluctuation models of Ceratitis capitata and the Anastrepha spp complex,based on a statistical tool Linear Models Generalized Mixed (MLGM), which will serve PROMOSCA and SENASAG, in the control of the fruit fly in the Caranavi area.The minimum adequate model for C. capitata has values of AIC and BIC of 200.13 and 228.15 respectively. Its D2value is 21.53 for the Anastrepha spp. Complex, it has AIC and BIC values of 256.07 and 288.30 respectively. ItsD2 value is 43.91, both models in an acceptable range.There is a correlation between the climate, fruit trees and population fluctuation of the pest. C. capitata reaches itsmaximum population in August, during the dry season and the ripening of citrus, while Anastrepha spp., in December, coinciding with high temperatures and maturation of mangoes, mangos, avocados and oranges. Evapotranspiration is the main environmental variable for C. capitata, and precipitation, for the genus Anastrepha spp. No covariate related to biological cycle intervenes in the population fluctuation.Validating the two models, it was obtained that the projected data and those obtained in field are directly correlated.An increase of 0.5% in evapotranspiration and precipitation, for C. capitata and the Anastrepha spp. complex,respectively, causes an increase of up to 300% in the population of the pest.Las instituciones vinculadas a la sanidad vegetal en Bolivia, plantean una metodología de trampeo en campo, paraestablecer la fluctuación poblacional de la mosca de la fruta y ejecutar actividades de control. El PROMOSCA,dependiente del SENASAG, monitoreó durante 3 años, la fluctuación poblacional de esta plaga, en dos rutas en elmunicipio de Caranavi del departamento de La Paz.El presente trabajo de investigación, utilizó los datos obtenidos en campo, metodología de trampeo, variablesambientales y relacionadas al ciclo biológico, para determinar los modelos de fluctuación poblacional de Ceratitiscapitata y del complejo Anastrepha spp., con base en la herramienta estadística Modelos Lineales GeneralizadosMixtos (MLGM), que servirá al PROMOSCA y SENASAG, en el control de la Mosca de la fruta en la zona deCaranavi.El modelo adecuado mínimo para C. capitata, tiene valores de AIC y BIC de 200.13 y 228.15 respectivamente. Suvalor D2 es de 21.53. Así mismo, para el complejo Anastrepha spp., tiene valores de AIC y BIC de 256.07 y 288.30respectivamente. Su valor D2 es de 43.91, ambos modelos en un rango aceptable.Existe correlación entre el clima, los frutales hospederos y la fluctuación poblacional de la plaga. La C. capitatallega a su máximo de población en agosto, durante la época seca y de maduración de cítricos, en tanto que Anastrepha spp., en diciembre, coincidiendo con temperaturas altas y maduración de mangos, mangas, paltas y naranjas.La evapotranspiración es la principal variable ambiental para C. capitata, y la precipitación, para el género Anastrepha spp. Ninguna covariable relacionada al ciclo biológico interviene en la fluctuación poblacional.Validando los dos modelos, se obtuvo que los datos proyectados y los obtenidos en campo, están correlacionadosdirectamente. Un incremento de 0.5% en la evapotranspiración y precipitación, para C. capitata y el complejoAnastrepha spp., respectivamente, provoca un incremento de hasta 300% en la población de la plaga

Measurement of the Splitting Function in &ITpp &ITand Pb-Pb Collisions at root&ITsNN&IT=5.02 TeV

Data from heavy ion collisions suggest that the evolution of a parton shower is modified by interactions with the color charges in the dense partonic medium created in these collisions, but it is not known where in the shower evolution the modifications occur. The momentum ratio of the two leading partons, resolved as subjets, provides information about the parton shower evolution. This substructure observable, known as the splitting function, reflects the process of a parton splitting into two other partons and has been measured for jets with transverse momentum between 140 and 500 GeV, in pp and PbPb collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV per nucleon pair. In central PbPb collisions, the splitting function indicates a more unbalanced momentum ratio, compared to peripheral PbPb and pp collisions.. The measurements are compared to various predictions from event generators and analytical calculations.Peer reviewe

Inclusive Search for a Highly Boosted Higgs Boson Decaying to a Bottom Quark-Antiquark Pair

© 2018 CERN. An inclusive search for the standard model Higgs boson (H) produced with large transverse momentum (pT) and decaying to a bottom quark-antiquark pair (bb) is performed using a data set of pp collisions at s=13 TeV collected with the CMS experiment at the LHC. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb-1. A highly Lorentz-boosted Higgs boson decaying to bb is reconstructed as a single, large radius jet, and it is identified using jet substructure and dedicated b tagging techniques. The method is validated with Z→bb decays. The Z→bb process is observed for the first time in the single-jet topology with a local significance of 5.1 standard deviations (5.8 expected). For a Higgs boson mass of 125 GeV, an excess of events above the expected background is observed (expected) with a local significance of 1.5 (0.7) standard deviations. The measured cross section times branching fraction for production via gluon fusion of H→bb with reconstructed pT > 450 GeV and in the pseudorapidity range -2.5 < η < 2.5 is 74±48(stat)-10+17(syst) fb, which is consistent within uncertainties with the standard model prediction

Search for new phenomena in final states with two opposite-charge, same-flavor leptons, jets, and missing transverse momentum in pp collisions at √s=13 TeV

Search results are presented for physics beyond the standard model in final states with two opposite-charge, same-flavor leptons, jets, and missing transverse momentum. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions at s√=13 TeV collected with the CMS detector at the LHC in 2016. The analysis uses the invariant mass of the lepton pair, searching for a kinematic edge or a resonant-like excess compatible with the Z boson mass. The search for a kinematic edge targets production of particles sensitive to the strong force, while the resonance search targets both strongly and electroweakly produced new physics. The observed yields are consistent with the expectations from the standard model, and the results are interpreted in the context of simplified models of supersymmetry. In a gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking (GMSB) model of gluino pair production with decay chains including Z bosons, gluino masses up to 1500–1770 GeV are excluded at the 95% confidence level depending on the lightest neutralino mass. In a model of electroweak chargino-neutralino production, chargino masses as high as 610 GeV are excluded when the lightest neutralino is massless. In GMSB models of electroweak neutralino-neutralino production, neutralino masses up to 500-650 GeV are excluded depending on the decay mode assumed. Finally, in a model with bottom squark pair production and decay chains resulting in a kinematic edge in the dilepton invariant mass distribution, bottom squark masses up to 980–1200 GeV are excluded depending on the mass of the next-to-lightest neutralino

Search for electroweak production of charginos and neutralinos in multilepton final states in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

Results are presented from a search for the direct electroweak production of charginos and neutralinos in signatures with either two or more leptons (electrons or muons) of the same electric charge, or with three or more leptons, which can include up to two hadronically decaying tau leptons. The results are based on a sample of protonproton collision data collected at p s = 13TeV, recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb1. The observed event yields are consistent with the expectations based on the standard model. The results are interpreted in simpli ed models of supersymmetry describing various scenarios for the production and decay of charginos and neutralinos. Depending on the model parameters chosen, mass values between 180GeV and 1150 GeV are excluded at 95% CL. These results signi cantly extend the parameter space probed for these particles in searches at the LHC. In addition, results are presented in a form suitable for alternative theoretical interpretations.Sponsoring Consortium for Open Access Publishing in Particle Physic

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

El sistema alimentario y el Covid-19: La necesidad de prevenir otras pandemias

Sagan, afirmaba en su libro "Dragones del Edén", que la humanidad logró florecer como civilización, en parte, gracias a que en el cerebro humano evolucionó la capacidad de prever los hechos y planificar actividades a futuro. Entonces, ¿por qué no hemos sido capaces de anticiparnos a esta pandemia, y planificar mejor una respuesta?. Las revela-ciones, sin duda, podrían ser materia de análisis multidisciplinario durante mucho tiem-po. Habiendo fallado en la anticipación2, queda ahora planificar una nueva normalidad en el mundo, ya que existe suficiente evidencia, que afirma, que es poco probable vol-ver, a como todo fue antes3. Una nueva normalidad será, aquella donde nuestras activi-dades no favorezcan el surgimiento de nuevas enfermedades?. En este marco, quizá los sistemas de salud y el alimentario, sean los primeros que deban rediseñar la manera en que funcionen