The FLUXNET2015 dataset and the ONEFlux processing pipeline for eddy covariance data

The FLUXNET2015 dataset provides ecosystem-scale data on CO2, water, and energy exchange between the biosphere and the atmosphere, and other meteorological and biological measurements, from 212 sites around the globe (over 1500 site-years, up to and including year 2014). These sites, independently managed and operated, voluntarily contributed their data to create global datasets. Data were quality controlled and processed using uniform methods, to improve consistency and intercomparability across sites. The dataset is already being used in a number of applications, including ecophysiology studies, remote sensing studies, and development of ecosystem and Earth system models. FLUXNET2015 includes derived-data products, such as gap-filled time series, ecosystem respiration and photosynthetic uptake estimates, estimation of uncertainties, and metadata about the measurements, presented for the first time in this paper. In addition, 206 of these sites are for the first time distributed under a Creative Commons (CC-BY 4.0) license. This paper details this enhanced dataset and the processing methods, now made available as open-source codes, making the dataset more accessible, transparent, and reproducible.Peer reviewe

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Información Investigador: Bracho Pérez, Carlos Luis

http://www.firp.ula.ve/personal/bracho.htmMaestríaSeptiembre de 2003+58 274 2402954Facultad de Ingenierí[email protected]

Las micelas en química analítica, aplicaciones en la espectroscopia de absorción atómica

Las micelas en química analítica, aplicaciones en la espectroscopia de absorción atómica (Ávila G., Rita M.; Burguera, José Luis; Salager, Jean Louis y Bracho P., Carlos L.) Resumen En este trabajo se explican, de manera breve. varios fundamentos teóricos relacionados con las micelas, es decir. que es un surfactante, en que consisten y como se forman estas estructuras, etc. Además. se muestran algunas aplicaciones que tienen las micelas en la espectroscopia de absorción atómica (AAS). Estas se utilizan, en AAS. principalmente para cambiar algunas propiedades físicas de la muestra, e. g. viscosidad. tensión superficial. etc.. lo que puede ser empleado para optimizar la eficiencia de nebulización y mejorar la mojabilidad de superficies sólidas, entre otras. Con este trabajo no se pretende realizar una extensa revisión del tema, sino, ilustrar con ejemplos prácticos, la utilidad de estas estructuras en la mencionada área. Abstract In this work are briefly explained some theoretical foundaments related to micelles, e. g, what is a surfactant, what are micelles, and how are they formed, etc. Also, are shown some of applications of micelles in atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), since they are mainly used to change some of the physical properties of the sample, like viscosity, surface tension, etc. Such physical-chemical modifications can be taken advantage in the improvement of various analytical systems performance by increasing the nebulizacion efficiency, improving the wettability of solid surfaces, among others. The present paper is not intended to be an extensive revision of the topic, but it is hoped that it will useful to illustrate the effectiveness of such structures in the aforementioned area. Artículo Publicado en la Revista de la Sociedad Venezolana de Química: Volumen 26 Nº 2. Abril-junio [email protected]@[email protected]@ula.veNivel monográfic

Optimum phase-behavior formulation of surfactant/oil/water systems for the determination of chromium in heavy crude oil and in bitumen-in-water emulsion

Optimum phase-behavior formulation of surfactant/oil/water systems for the determination of chromium in heavy crude oil and in bitumen-in-water emulsion. (Burguera, José L.; Ávila G., Rita M.; Pascu de Burguera, Marcela; Antón, Raquel E.; Salager, Jean Louis; Bracho P., Carlos L.; Burguera Pascu, Margarita; Burguera Pascu, Constantin R.; Brunetto, Rosario; Gallignani, Maximo A.; Petit de P., Yaneira) Abstract An "oil in water" formulation was optimized to determine chromium in heavy crude oil (HCO) and bitumen-in-water emulsion (Orimulsion-400®) samples by transversally heated electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (TH-ET AAS) using Zeeman effect background correction. The optimum proportion of the oil-water mixture ratio was 7:3 v/v (70 ml of oil as the internal phase) with a non-ionic surfactant concentration (lntan-l00) in the emulsion of 0.2% w/w. Chromium was determined in different crude oil samples after dilution of the emulsions 1:9 v/v with a 0.2°/, w/w solution of surfactant in order to further reduce the viscosity from 100 to 1.6 cP and at the same time to bring the concentration of chromium within the working range of the ET AAS technique. The calibration graph was linear from 1.7 to 100 gg Cr 1- t. The sensitivity was of 0.0069 s 1 µg- ', the characteristic mass (mo) was of 5.7 pg per 0.0044 s and the detection limit (36) was of 0.52 pg 1-'. The relative standard deviation of the method, evaluated by replicate analyses of three crude oil samples varied in all cases between 1.5 and 2.6%. Recovery studies were performed on four Venezuelan crude oils, and the average chromium recovery values varied between 95.9-104.8, 90.6-107.6, 95.6-104.0 and 98.8-103.9% for the Cerro Negro, Crudo Hamaca and Boscan crude oils and for the Orimulsion®-400, respectively. The results obtained in this work for the Cerro Negro, Crudo Hamaca and Boscan crude oils and for the Orimulsion('~-400 following the proposed procedure were of 0.448±0.008, 0.338±0.004 0.524±0.021 and 0.174±0.008 mg Cr 1-t, respectively, which were in good agreement with the values obtained by a tedious recommended standard procedure (respectively: 0.470±0.05, 0.335±0.080, 0.570±0.021 and 0.173±0.009 mg Cr 1-t). CC) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Artículo publicado en: Talanta 61 (2003) [email protected]@[email protected]@[email protected]@[email protected] monográfic

The FLUXNET2015 dataset and the ONEFlux processing pipeline for eddy covariance data

Abstract The FLUXNET2015 dataset provides ecosystem-scale data on CO2, water, and energy exchange between the biosphere and the atmosphere, and other meteorological and biological measurements, from 212 sites around the globe (over 1500 site-years, up to and including year 2014). These sites, independently managed and operated, voluntarily contributed their data to create global datasets. Data were quality controlled and processed using uniform methods, to improve consistency and intercomparability across sites. The dataset is already being used in a number of applications, including ecophysiology studies, remote sensing studies, and development of ecosystem and Earth system models. FLUXNET2015 includes derived-data products, such as gap-filled time series, ecosystem respiration and photosynthetic uptake estimates, estimation of uncertainties, and metadata about the measurements, presented for the first time in this paper. In addition, 206 of these sites are for the first time distributed under a Creative Commons (CC-BY 4.0) license. This paper details this enhanced dataset and the processing methods, now made available as open-source codes, making the dataset more accessible, transparent, and reproducible

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