17 research outputs found

    Impacto clínico, terapêutico e social do canabidiol na epilepsia recorrente / Clinical, therapeutic and social impact of cannabidiol on recurrent epilepsy

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    Introdução: Estima-se que mais de 50 milhões de pessoas no mundo tenham diagnóstico de epilepsia, no entanto, um terço dessas pessoas não possuem a patologia controlada, apresentando quadros de convulsão e epilepsia recorrente. Desta forma, buscar novas terapêuticas antiepilépticas são necessárias, a atividade antiepiléptica dos canabinóides têm-se mostrado com grande poder terapêutico. Objetivo: Responder quais os impactos clínicos, terapêuticos e sociais do uso do canabidiol (CBD) em pacientes com epilepsia recorrente. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica no método de revisão de integrativa de literatura, realizado entre os meses de abril e maio de 2021, nas bases de dados da MEDLINE/Pubmed e LILACS, por meio dos descritores e operador booleano “Canabidiol” AND “Epilepsia”. Localizando-se artigos publicados entre os anos de 2016 e maio de 2021. Resultados e discussões: O mecanismo de ação ainda não é bem esclarecido, mas é reconhecido sua atuação sobre as manifestações psiquiátricas e neurológicas nas fendas pré-sinápticas. A terapia associada entre CBD e as terapias convencionais para epilepsia apresentaram melhora significativa nos sintomas epilépticos, havendo relatos de melhora completa dos sintomas em até 87,5% dos pacientes. No entanto, cerca de 10% dos pacientes queixam-se de efeitos indesejáveis e desagradáveis como aumento da ansiedade, angústia, medo, tremor e sudorese excessiva durante o tratamento, dado que seu efeito é dose dependente, necessitando de atenção do prescritor para os efeitos indesejados. O impacto social é relatado pelos pacientes como melhora na qualidade de vida e laboral, dada a diminuição da frequência de eventos convulsivos. Conclusão: A terapêutica associada do CBD com a terapia convencional na epilepsia recorrente mostra-se com grandes impactos clínicos e sociais para os pacientes acometidos. No entanto, requer atenção dos prescritores para manifestações clínicas de efeitos colaterais para readequação terapêutica e seguimento. Diante disto, a importância de novos estudos terapêuticos com o CBD é estabelecida pela necessidade de compreender mecanismos de ação e atuação em demais áreas complexas cerebrais que a epilepsia atua para ajudar no tratamento de diversas manifestações desta patologia neurológica

    Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

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    Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

    Frequency of severe reactions following penicillin drug provocation tests: A Bayesian meta‐analysis

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    International audienceBackground: Patients with a penicillin allergy label tend to have worse clinical outcomes and increased healthcare use. Drug provocation tests (DPT) are the gold-standard in the diagnostic workup of penicillin allergy, but safety concerns may hinder their performance. We aimed to assess the frequency of severe reactions following a DPT in patients with reported allergy to penicillins or other β-lactams.Methods: We performed a systematic review, searching MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science. We included primary studies assessing participants with a penicillin allergy label who underwent a DPT. We performed a Bayesian meta-analysis to estimate the pooled frequency of severe reactions to penicillin DPTs. Sources of heterogeneity were explored by subgroup and metaregression analyses.Results: We included 112 primary studies which included a total of 26,595 participants. The pooled frequency of severe reactions was estimated at 0.06% (95% credible interval [95% CrI] = 0.01%-0.13%; I2 = 57.9%). Most severe reactions (80/93; 86.0%) consisted of anaphylaxis. Compared to studies where the index reaction was immediate, we observed a lower frequency of severe reactions for studies assessing non-immediate index reactions (OR = 0.05; 95% CrI = 0-0.31). Patients reporting anaphylaxis as their index reaction were found to be at increased risk of developing severe reactions (OR = 13.5; 95% CrI = 7.7-21.5; I2 = 0.3%). Performance of direct DPTs in low-risk patients or testing with the suspected culprit drug were not associated with clinically relevant increased risk of severe reactions.Conclusions: In patients with a penicillin allergy label, severe reactions resulting from DPTs are rare. Therefore, except for patients with potentially life-threatening index reactions or patients with positive skin tests-who were mostly not assessed in this analysis -, the safety of DPTs supports their performance in the diagnostic assessment of penicillin allergy

    Unraveling the genetic background of individuals with a clinical familial hypercholesterolemia phenotype

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    Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a common genetic disorder of lipid metabolism caused by pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in LDLR, APOB, and PCSK9 genes. Variants in FH-phenocopy genes (LDLRAP1, APOE, LIPA, ABCG5, and ABCG8), polygenic hypercholesterolemia, and hyperlipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] can also mimic a clinical FH phenotype. We aim to present a new diagnostic tool to unravel the genetic background of clinical FH phenotype. Biochemical and genetic study was performed in 1,005 individuals with clinical diagnosis of FH, referred to the Portuguese FH Study. A next-generation sequencing panel, covering eight genes and eight SNPs to determine LDL-C polygenic risk score and LPA genetic score, was validated, and used in this study. FH was genetically confirmed in 417 index cases: 408 heterozygotes and 9 homozygotes. Cascade screening increased the identification to 1,000 FH individuals, including 11 homozygotes. FH-negative individuals (phenotype positive and genotype negative) have Lp(a) >50 mg/dl (30%), high polygenic risk score (16%), other monogenic lipid metabolism disorders (1%), and heterozygous pathogenic variants in FH-phenocopy genes (2%). Heterozygous variants of uncertain significance were identified in primary genes (12%) and phenocopy genes (7%). Overall, 42% of our cohort was genetically confirmed with FH. In the remaining individuals, other causes for high LDL-C were identified in 68%. Hyper-Lp(a) or polygenic hypercholesterolemia may be the cause of the clinical FH phenotype in almost half of FH-negative individuals. A small part has pathogenic variants in ABCG5/ABCG8 in heterozygosity that can cause hypercholesterolemia and should be further investigated. This extended next-generation sequencing panel identifies individuals with FH and FH-phenocopies, allowing to personalize each person’s treatment according to the affected pathway

    Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

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    As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
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