X-Ray Diffraction and structural studies of Cu(II) complex with Gliclazide(N-(hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrrol-2(1H)-ylcarbamoyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide),and its hypoglycemic activity

Synthesis and characterization by spectroscopic, X-ray and hypoglycemic activity study of copper complex with gliclazide (N-(hexahydrocyclopenta[c]-pyrrol-2(1H)-ylcarbamoyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide) an oral antidiabetic drugs.                         The conductometric titration using monovariation method indicate that complex are non-ionic and L2M (2:1) type. Analytical data agree with the molecular formula (C15H20N3O3S)2Cu. of complex for gliclazide. The structure of complex was assigned square planner supported by IR, 1H-NMR, X-Ray, mass studies and propose structure (I) for complex.Alloxan induced model have been used to compare hypoglycemic activity of gliclazide complex. Keywords: Gliclazide, Oral antidiabetic drugs, Complexes, IR, NMR. X-Ray, Hypoglycemic activity

Enthalpies of Mixing of Polyoxyethylene Glycols in Benzene, Carbon Tetrachloride, Methyl Alcohol & Ethyl Alcohol

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Cerebellar pilomyxoid astrocytoma

Pilomyxoid astrocytomas (P.M.A) are new class of Pilocytic Astrocytoma (P.A.) which typically have their origin in hypothalamus and chiasmatic region. There are very few case reports of PMAs arising from cerebellum. Their imaging features are similar to PA but they behave more aggressively than PA. The authors report a case of 10 year old male child who presented with right cerebellar tumour diagnosed as PMA on histopathology

Proteus syndrome: a case report with bone scintigraphy findings

Proteus syndrome is an extremely rare genetic disorder characterized by an asymmetrical overgrowth of skin, bones, muscles, fatty tissues, and blood and lymphatic vessels. We present a case of a six-year-old boy with proteus syndrome who underwent bone scintigraphy for suspected osteomyelitis. Bone scintigraphy ruled out osteomyelitis and suggested cellulitis. In addition, it demonstrated striking characteristic deformities, which need to be emphasized. Knowledge of these findings will avoid misinterpretation of bone scintigraphy in patients with proteus syndrome

Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017

A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic

Ethno (medical)-ethics as contested knowledge and practice in times of globalization : a case-study from China

International audienc

Evaluation of a Lipopolysaccharide and Resiquimod Combination as an Adjuvant with Inactivated Newcastle Disease Virus Vaccine in Chickens

Various toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists have shown potential as adjuvants with different vaccines in both human and livestock species, including chickens. Our previous studies on combination of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; TLR4 agonist) and resiquimod (R-848; TLR7 agonist) showed the synergistic up-regulation of pro-inflammatory Th1 and Th2 cytokines in chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBCs). Hence, the present study aimed to explore the combined adjuvant effect of LPS and R-848 with inactivated Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine in chickens. Two weeks-old SPF chickens were immunized with inactivated NDV vaccine along with a combination of LPS and R-848 as an adjuvant with suitable control groups. A booster dose was given two weeks later. Antibody responses were assessed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test, while cell-mediated immune responses were analyzed by a lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) and flow cytometry following vaccination. Two weeks post-booster, the birds were challenged with a velogenic strain of NDV, and protection against clinical signs, mortality and virus shedding was analyzed. The results indicated that inactivated NDV vaccine with R-848 induced significantly higher humoral and cellular immune responses with 100% protection against mortality and viral shedding following a virulent NDV challenge. However, the combination of LPS and R-848 along with inactivated NDV vaccine produced poor humoral and cellular immune responses and could not afford protection against challenge infection and virus shedding when compared to the vaccine-alone group, indicating the deleterious effects of the combination on antigen-specific immune responses. In conclusion, the combination of LPS and R-848 showed the inhibitory effects on antigen-specific humoral, cellular and protective immune responses when used as an adjuvant with inactivated NDV vaccines in chickens. This inhibitory effect might have occurred due to systemic cytokine storm. A nanoparticle-based delivery of the combination of LPS and R-848 for slow and sustained release could be tried as an alternative method to explore the synergistic effect of the combination as an adjuvant in chickens

Emodin reverses CCl4induced hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymatic and ultrastructural changes: Thein vivoevidence

The curative effect of emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6- methyl anthraquinone), an active compound of the plant species Ventilago maderaspatana Gaertn, was evaluated against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymatic and ultrastructural alterations in rats. Methods: Female rats were administered CCl4 (1.5 mL/kg, ip) followed by varying doses of emodin (20, 30 and 40 mg/kg, oral po) after 24 h of CCl4 administration. Animals were euthanized after 24 h of last administration to determine liver function tests in serum, hepatic light microscopic and ultrastructural changes, activity of CYP enzymes, microsomal lipid peroxidation and protein contents, hexobarbitone induced sleep time and bromosulphalein retention. Results: The CCl4 induced-toxic effects were observed with sharp elevation in the release of serum transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and g-glutamyl transpeptidase. An initial study for an optimum dose of emodin among different dose levels revealed that a 30 mg/kg dose was effective in restoring all the enzymatic variables and liver histoarchitecture in a dose dependent manner. Exposure to CCl4 diminished the activities of CYP enzymes (i.e. aniline hydroxylase and amidopyrine-N-demethylase and microsomal protein contents with concomitant increase in microsomal lipid peroxidation). Emodin at 30 mg/kg effectively reversed the CCl4 induced hepatotoxic events, which was consistent with ultrastructural observations. Hexobarbitoneinduced sleep time and plasma bromosulphalein retention also improved liver functions after emodin therapy. Conclusion: By reversal CYP activity and ultrastructural changes, emodin shows a strong hepatoprotective abilities