An Efficient Green Synthesis of 3-Amino-1H-chromenes Catalyzed by ZnO Nanoparticles Thin-film

A very simple and environmentally benign approach for the synthesis of 3-amino-1H-chromenes is described using ZnO nanoparticles thin-film as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst in green media, namely water. The mild reaction conditions, reusability of the catalyst, easy work-up and high yields of products make the present protocol sustainable and advantageous compared to conventional methods.KEYWORDS:  3-Amino-1H-chromene, aqueousmedium,hydrothermalsolution method, reusability of the catalyst,ZnOnanoparticles thin-film

The relationship between information-seeking behavior and satisfaction of internet users among the medical students of in Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences during academic year in the academic year from 2014-2015

زمینه و هدف: اطلاع ‌یابی و‌ جستجوی اطلاعات فعالیت مهمی در‌ جامعه بشری است. لذا شناخت رابطه بین میزان رضایت دانشجویان با توجه به مولفه‌های رفتار جستجوی اطلاعات در استفاده از اینترنت در بین دانشجویان پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهرکرد هدف اصلی این پژوهش بوده است. روش بررسی: مطالعه حاضر از نوع توصیفی- تحلیلی است و به بررسی رابطه بین رفتار جستجوی اطلاعات و رضایت کاربران اینترنت در بین دانشجویان پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهرکرد در سال تحصیلی 94-1393 می پردازد. برای بررسی فرضیه‌ های اصلی و اختصاصی از ‌آزمون ضریب همبستگی پیرسون استفاده شد. داده‌ ها برای 225 دانشجو که به روش نمونه‌ گیری تصادفی طبقه‌ ای متناسب، از بین دوره‌ های مختلف رشته پزشکی، با استفاده از یک پرسشنامه‌ ی محقق‌ ساخته جمع ‌آوری گردید. یافته ها: بیشترین استفاده ازاینترنت، موتورهای جستجوی عمومی مثل گوگل و یاهو وکمترین مربوط به استفاده از فهرست های کتابخانه خارجی بوده است. مدت زمان صرف شده تا حصول مطلب دلخواه، مهم ترین مورد در عوامل موثر بر رضایت و استفاده از خدمات کتابداران و کارشناسان اطلاع ‌رسانی پایین‌ ترین میزان رضایت را داشته است. پرکاربردترین روش مورد استفاده در هنگام جستجو، موضوع مقاله و مهم ترین مشکل در جستجوی اطلاعات سرعت کم اینترنت بود. در مقوله عوامل فردی، استفاده از زبان دلخواه در هنگام جستجوی اطلاعات مهم ترین عامل بود. موثرترین عامل محیطی در هنگام جستجوی اطلاعات، وجود امکانات کافی مانند هوای مطلوب و نور کافی و مهم ترین عامل مرتبط با اطلاعات، حجم و اندازه فایل بوده است. نتیجه گیری: در زمینه برطرف ‌کردن نیاز اطلاعاتی و ایجاد رضایت و همچنین هدایت رفتار اطلاع یابی دانشجویان به خصوص در کتابخانه ‌ها و مراکز اطلاع ‌رسانی، ضعف برنامه ‌ریزی و آگاهی وجود دارد، لذا پیشنهاد گردید با افزایش بودجه و استخدام نیروی متخصص، فرصتی جهت پرداختن به مبحث رفتار اطلاع یابی کاربران، در کتابخانه ها و مراکز اطلاع رسانی فراهم شود

A simple analytical method for heterogeneity corrections in low dose rate prostate brachytherapy

In low energy brachytherapy, the presence of tissue heterogeneities contributes significantly to the discrepancies observed between treatment plan and delivered dose. In this work, we present a simplified analytical dose calculation algorithm for heterogeneous tissue. We compare it with Monte Carlo computations and assess its suitability for integration in clinical treatment planning systems. The algorithm, named as RayStretch, is based on the classic equivalent path length method and TG-43 reference data. Analytical and Monte Carlo dose calculations using Penelope2008 are compared for a benchmark case: a prostate patient with calcifications. The results show a remarkable agreement between simulation and algorithm, the latter having, in addition, a high calculation speed. The proposed analytical model is compatible with clinical real-time treatment planning systems based on TG-43 consensus datasets for improving dose calculation and treatment quality in heterogeneous tissue. Moreover, the algorithm is applicable for any type of heterogeneities

Changes in Lipid Profile, Liver Enzymes and Inflammatory Factors Following Oral Supplementation with Propolis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Objective: Nutritional ingredients with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties such as flavonoids and phenolic acids have been reported in propolis. The present study investigated the effect of propolis supplements on lipid metabolism, liver enzymes, and inflammatory factors in patients with type 2 diabetes. Materials and methods: This clinical trial was performed in a double-blind randomized manner with two parallel intervention (n = 30) and placebo (n = 30) groups. Each group received a capsule (propolis or placebo) of 500 mg 3 times a day for 8 weeks. The lipid profile, liver enzymes, and inflammatory factors were measured at the beginning and end of the study. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS software. Results: The mean of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) levels decreased significantly at the end of the study in the intervention group (p < 0.05). Also, the serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) level increased significantly in this group (p < 0.05). Propolis supplementation significantly decreased C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (p < 0.05). Also, propolis decreased the mean of aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels, but it was not significant (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Propolis supplementation can be helpful as a dietary supplement in patients with type 2 diabetes by improving status of lipid profile and inflammatory factors in diabetic patients

Striatal inhomogeneities and basal ganglia function

No Abstract.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/50393/1/870010102_ftp.pd

Confirmation of functional zones within the human subthalamic nucleus: Patterns of connectivity and sub-parcellation using diffusion weighted imaging

The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a small, glutamatergic nucleus situated in the diencephalon. A critical component of normal motor function, it has become a key target for deep brain stimulation in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Animal studies have demonstrated the existence of three functional sub-zones but these have never been shown conclusively in humans. In this work, a data driven method with diffusion weighted imaging demonstrated that three distinct clusters exist within the human STN based on brain connectivity profiles. The STN was successfully sub-parcellated into these regions, demonstrating good correspondence with that described in the animal literature. The local connectivity of each sub-region supported the hypothesis of bilateral limbic, associative and motor regions occupying the anterior, mid and posterior portions of the nucleus respectively. This study is the first to achieve in-vivo, non-invasive anatomical parcellation of the human STN into three anatomical zones within normal diagnostic scan times, which has important future implications for deep brain stimulation surgery

Excitatory amino acidergic pathways and receptors in the basal ganglia

The striatum receives the majority of excitatory amino acidergic input to the basal ganglia from neocortical and allocortical sources. The subthalamic nucleus and the substantia nigra also receive excitatory amino acidergic inputs from neocortex. The subthalamic nucleus, which has prominent projections to the pallidum and nigra, is the only known intrinsic excitatory amino acidergic component of the basal ganglia. Possible excitatory amino acidergic inputs reach the basal ganglia from the intralaminar thalamic nuclei and the pedunculo-pontine nucleus. The striatum is richly endowed with all subtypes of excitatory amino acid receptors and these appear to be inhomogeneously distributed within the striatal complex. The non-striatal nuclei contain lesser levels of excitatory amino acid receptors and the relative proportion of these receptors varies between nuclei. The presence of high densities of excitatory amino acid receptors is a phylogenetically conserved feature of the striatum and its non-mammalian homologues. In Huntington's disease, there is substantial depletion of α -amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid, N-methyl-D-aspartate, and kainate receptors within the striatum. In Parkinson's disease substantia nigra, there is significant loss of N-methyl-D-aspartate and α -amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptors.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/41734/1/726_2004_Article_BF00814003.pd

La conservazione preventiva del patrimonio librario come possibile alternativa al restauro tradizionale

The present paper focuses on the close relation between library collections and their preservation environment, aiming, in particular, at highlighting the importance of promoting and sustaining the monitoring. The paper proposes some simple and ready-to-use technologies – smart monitoring – to prevent future damages