Chemi-mechanical pulping of durian rinds

The physical, optical and mechanical characteristics of pulp and paper made from waste durian rinds as an alternative raw material for papermaking were investigated according to TAPPI and MS ISO standards. The durian rinds pulp was produced through chemi-mechanical pulping (CMP). Naturally dried durian rinds were treated with 10% Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) based on oven dry (o.d) weight of durian rinds in room temperature for 2 hours and pulped by the refiner mechanical pulping (RMP) process. Experimental results show that durian rinds have great potential characteristics as newly explored non-wood based raw material for pulp and paper industry

Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide as an Efficient Catalyst for the One-Pot, Solvent-Free Synthesis of 5,5-Disubstituted Hexahydropyrimidines and Their Spiro Analogues

Superparamagnetic Fe 3 O 4 is shown to act as a very efficient catalyst for the one-pot, three-component synthesis of 5,5-disubstituted hexahydropyrimidines and their spiropiperidines. e catalyst is easily recovered by the use of an external magnet and reused in several reactions without any noticeable loss of activity. e products are obtained in short time and good purity upon separation of the catalyst and evaporation of the volatiles of the reaction mixture

Comparative Study on Essential Oils of Lavandula officinalis L. from Three Different Sites with Different Methods of Distillation

Lavandula angustifolia Mill. syn. Lavandula officinalis Chaix was commonly known as lavender is a species of the genus Lavandula from Lamiaceae family is among the top 10 pharmaceutical plant. Lavender species are grown worldwide primarily for their essential oils, which are used in the food processing, aromatherapy products, cosmetics and perfumes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the essential oils composition of lavender (Lavandula officinalis L.) cultivated in 3 provinces, Esfehan, Tehran, and Alburzprovincein Iran. This research examines it has been done on effects of different methods of distillation and habitat conditions on quantity and quality of oil of Lavandula officinalis flowering top plants cultivated in three regions were collected and after drying at room temperature in shadow. Esstential oils were extracted with three methods of distillation (water, steam and water and steam). Thirty compounds were identified in the essential oils, respectively. Components of essential oils from the Lavandula officinalis L. were determined using gas chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The important components in the Kashan area from Isfahan provincewere1,3,8-p- menthatriene (37.7 upto 39.8%), γ- terpinene (17.1 upto 19%), Linalyl formate (13.1 upto 15.08%), oil yield were 8.54 upto 10.03%, respectively. The important components in the Alburzprovince were ,3,8-p-menthatriene (31.7 upto 34.2%), γ- terpinene (24.2 upto 26.4%), Linalyl formate (11.8 upto 14%), oil yield were 5.5 upto 6.12%,  respectively. The important components in the Tehran province were 1,3,8-p- menthatriene (32.5 upto 34.1%), γ- terpinene (25 upto 29.8%), Linalyl formate (7.8 upto 9%), oil yield were 10.26 upto 12.13%, espectively

Live peer-to-peer streaming with scalable video coding and network coding

Providing high-quality streaming over peer-to-peer (P2P) systems faces multiple challenges such as limited upload capacity of peers and high heterogeneity of receivers in terms of download bandwidth and screen resolutions. In this thesis, we present the design of a P2P live streaming system that uses scalable video coding (SVC) as well as network coding. The proposed design enables flexible customization of video streams to support heterogeneous receivers, highly utilizes upload bandwidth of peers, and quickly adapts to network and peer dynamics. The proposed design is simple and modular. Therefore, other P2P streaming systems could also benefit from various components of the proposed design to improve their performance. We conduct an extensive quantitative analysis to demonstrate the expected performance gain from the proposed design

Effective test generation and adequacy assessment for Javascript-based web applications

Today's modern Web applications rely heavily on JavaScript and client-side run-time manipulation of the DOM (Document Object Model) tree. One way to provide assurance about the correctness of such highly evolving and dynamic applications is through testing. However, JavaScript is loosely typed, dynamic, and notoriously challenging to analyze and test. The work presented in this dissertation has focused on advancing the state-of-the-art in testing JavaScript-based web applications by proposing a new set of techniques and tools. We proposed (1) a new automated technique for JavaScript regression testing, which is based on inferring invariant assertions, (2) the first JavaScript mutation testing tool, capable of guiding the mutation generation towards behaviour-affecting mutants in error-prone portions of the code, (3) an automatic technique to generate test cases for JavaScript functions and events; Mutation analysis is used to generate test oracles, capable of detecting regression JavaScript and DOM-level faults, and (4) utilizing existing DOM-dependent assertions as well as useful execution information inferred from a DOM-based test suite to automatically generate assertions for unit-level testing of JavaScript functions. To measure the effectiveness of the proposed approaches, we evaluated each method presented in this thesis by conducting various empirical studies and comparisons with existing testing techniques. The evaluation results point to the effectiveness of the proposed test generation and test assessment techniques in terms of accuracy and fault detection capability.Applied Science, Faculty ofElectrical and Computer Engineering, Department ofGraduat

Automated analysis of CSS rules to support style maintenance

Abstract—CSS is a widely used language for describing the presentation semantics of HTML elements on the web. The language has a number of characteristics, such as inheritance and cascading order, which makes maintaining CSS code a challenging task for web developers. As a result, it is common for unused rules to be accumulated over time. Despite these challenges, CSS analysis has not received much attention from the research community. We propose an automated technique to support styling code maintenance, which (1) analyzes the runtime relationship between the CSS rules and DOM elements of a given web application (2) detects unmatched and ineffective selectors, overridden declaration properties, and undefined class values. Our technique, implemented in an open source tool called CILLA, has a high precision and recall rate. The results of our case study, conducted on fifteen open source and industrial web-based systems, show an average of 60 % unused CSS selectors in deployed applications, which points to the ubiquity of the problem. Keywords-Cascading style sheets; CSS; dynamic analysis; software maintenance; web applications I

Determination of reaction rate parameters for the acid copper chromate fixation reactions on oak ( Quercus castaneifolia C. A. Mey) sapwood

International audienceAcid copper chromate fixation reactions on oak (Quercus castaneifolia C. A. Mey) sapwood were characterized by at least two distinguished reaction periods which differ in their kinetic behavior, particularly reaction rate. In this research, chemical rate equation parameters were studied in detail as a function of chromium fixation time. Theoretically, the kinetic data were distinguished between the adsorption and reduction reactions and consequently, the rate parameters were determined for each stage distinctly. The obtained results showed that at the investigated thermal range (25–33°C), almost for every 3°C increase in temperature the reaction duration has decreased 20.4 min for the first reaction period and 78 min for the second reaction period. Besides that, in all sample replications, up to 58.3% of hydrogen ions function at the reduction reactions of the initial period, demonstrating that acidity (H+ ions) has a major effect on reaction rate constant. Accordingly, adsorption reactions of the hexavalent chromium at the starting point follow a pseudo-first-order kinetic reaction. Different to the adsorption reaction the CrVI reduction reaction is exothermic with a measured exothermal energy of 48.2 kJ/mol