Caracterización del capital intelectual en las universidades publicas. Estudio comparativo.

Objective:  characterize and compare the intellectual capital in Mexican universities.Methodology / Approach: The study was based on a semi structured survey applied to 102 professors-researchers in four Mexican state universities of the business and administration area.Originality / Relevance: Universities are a source of knowledge; therefore their competitive advantage lies in the configuration of this element to encourage their performance. Thus, the issue of intellectual capital tends to have greater relevance in order to understand this dynamic in the different productive actors and users of knowledge such as universities.Main results: The results show that there are six relevant sub-dimensions of intellectual capital from which levels of intellectual capital are characterized in each university.Theoretical / methodological contributions: intellectual capital refers to the knowledge in organizations enabling them to generate value.Intellectual capital studies are approached from the perspective of companies, however there are few done from the perspective of universities.Keywords: Intellectual Capital; Measurement; Public Mexican Universities; Scientific Knowledge; ProfessorEl capital intelectual alude al conocimiento en las organizaciones que les permite generar valor. Los estudios sobre capital intelectual son abordados desde la perspectiva de las empresas, pero existen pocos que lo hayan realizado desde la perspectiva de las universidades.Esta investigación tiene por objetivo caracterizar y comparar el capital intelectual en las universidades mexicanas. El estudio se basó en una encuesta semiestructurada aplicada a 102 profesores-investigadores en cuatro universidades estatales mexicanas del área de negocios y administración. Los resultados muestran que existen seis subdimensiones relevantes del capital intelectual, a partir de las cuales se caracterizan los niveles de capital intelectual en cada universidad. Las principales conclusiones son que el capital intelectual universitario es una forma de medir el desempeño de estas organizaciones, a partir del cual identificamos un desempeño diferenciado que es liderado por la Universidad Autónom de Tamaulipas (UAT) debido a indicadores más altos en su capital humano, estructural y relacional

Influência dos determinantes do empreendimento no nível medio superior do estado de Tamaulipas

Within the framework of the transformations that take place in Mexico, entrepreneurship is promoted, which is one of the new strategies assumed by the State, in which student education is fundamental. The objective of this paper is to study the influence of the determinants of entrepreneurship in the State of Tamaulipas, particularly in high school students. To do this, this research takes two strands of entrepreneurship, first the importance of institutions as regulatory agencies of the environment, through political, social and economic rules (Alvarez et al., 2014, North, 1990, Fritsch y Storey, 2014) and second, managerial skills (Acs y Audretsch, 1990; Laforet, 2013). The methodology consisted in a descriptive analysis, and in the application of a linear regression model, collecting the data through a survey of 26 items applied to 532 high school students of the State. The results obtained indicate that the variables, knowledge of the environment and finances maintain a positive and significant effect with entrepreneurship. The foregoing indicates that the students' environment is favorable to undertake, as the financial training of the students is not considered adequate to start a business, according to the results obtained. It is concluded that it is in the process of promoting a culture of entrepreneurship where the context and finances, mainly the banking sector, plays a fundamental role.En el marco de las transformaciones que se dan en México, se promueve el emprendimiento, lo cual constituye unas de las nuevas estrategias asumidas desde el Estado, en el cual la formación estudiantil es fundamental. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar la influencia de los determinantes del emprendimiento en el Estado de Tamaulipas, particularmente en los alumnos de nivel medio superior. Para ello, En esta investigación se toman dos corrientes del emprendimiento, primero la importancia de las instituciones como organismos reguladores del entorno, mediante reglas políticas, sociales y económicas (Álvarez et al., 2014; North, 1990; Fritsch y Storey, 2014) y en segundo lugar las habilidades gerenciales (Acs y Audretsch, 1990; Laforet, 2013). La metodología consistió en un análisis descriptivo, y en la aplicación de un modelo de regresión lineal, recopilando los datos mediante una encuesta de 26 ítems aplicado a 532 alumnos de nivel bachillerato del Estado. Los resultados obtenidos indican que las variables, conocimiento de entorno y finanzas mantienen un efecto positivo y significativo con el emprendimiento. Lo anterior indica que el entorno de los estudiantes es favorable para emprender, en tanto la capacitación financiera de los mismos no se considera adecuada para iniciar un negocio, de acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos. Se concluye que se encuentra en proceso de promoción de una cultura de emprendimiento donde el contexto y las finanzas principalmente el sector bancario juega un rol fundamental.No marco das transformações que se realizam em México, promo-ve o empreendimento, o qual constitui uma das novas estratégias assumidas desde o Estado, no qual a formação estudantil é fundamental. O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar a influência dos determinantes do empreendimento no Estado de Tamaulipas, particularmente nos alunos de nível medio superior. Por isso, nesta investigação se tomam duas correntes do emprendimento, primeiro a importancia das instituições como organismos reguladores da sociedade, mediante regras, políticas sociais e económicas (Álvarez et al., 2014; North, 1990; Fritsch e Storey, 2014) e em segundo lugar as habilidades gerenciais (Acs e Audretsch, 1990; Laforet, 2013). A metodologia consistiu numa análise descriptiva, na aplicação de um modelo de regressão linear, recopilando os dados mediante um questionário de 26 ítems aplicado a 532 alunos de nível medio do Estado. Os resultados obtidos indicam que as variáveis, conhecimento do entorno efinanças mantêm um efeito positivo e significativo com o empreendimento. O anterior indica que o entorno dos estudantes é favorável para empreender, quanto a capacitação financiera de los mismos no se considera adecuada para iniciar un negocio, de acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos. Se concluye que se encuentra en proceso de promoción de una cultura de emprendimiento donde el contexto y las finanzas principalmente el sector bancario juega un rol fundamental

Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Three Year Results: Implications for Cosmology

A simple cosmological model with only six parameters (matter density, Omega_m h^2, baryon density, Omega_b h^2, Hubble Constant, H_0, amplitude of fluctuations, sigma_8, optical depth, tau, and a slope for the scalar perturbation spectrum, n_s) fits not only the three year WMAP temperature and polarization data, but also small scale CMB data, light element abundances, large-scale structure observations, and the supernova luminosity/distance relationship. Using WMAP data only, the best fit values for cosmological parameters for the power-law flat LCDM model are (Omega_m h^2, Omega_b h^2, h, n_s, tau, sigma_8) = 0.1277+0.0080-0.0079, 0.02229+-0.00073, 0.732+0.031-0.032, 0.958+-0.016, 0.089+-0.030, 0.761+0.049-0.048). The three year data dramatically shrink the allowed volume in this six dimensional parameter space. Assuming that the primordial fluctuations are adiabatic with a power law spectrum, the WMAP data_alone_ require dark matter, and favor a spectral index that is significantly less than the Harrison-Zel'dovich-Peebles scale-invariant spectrum (n_s=1, r=0). Models that suppress large-scale power through a running spectral index or a large-scale cut-off in the power spectrum are a better fit to the WMAP and small scale CMB data than the power-law LCDM model; however, the improvement in the fit to the WMAP data is only Delta chi^2 = 3 for 1 extra degree of freedom. The combination of WMAP and other astronomical data yields significant constraints on the geometry of the universe, the equation of state of the dark energy, the gravitational wave energy density, and neutrino properties. Consistent with the predictions of simple inflationary theories, we detect no significant deviations from Gaussianity in the CMB maps.Comment: 91 pgs, 28 figs. Accepted version of the 3-year paper as posted to http://lambda.gsfc.nasa.gov/product/map/dr2/map_bibliography.cfm in January 200

Activation of the Innate Immune Response against DENV in Normal Non-Transformed Human Fibroblasts

In this work, we demonstrate that that both human whole skin and freshly isolated skin fibroblasts are productively infected with Dengue virus (DENV). In addition, primary skin fibroblast cultures were established and subsequently infected with DENV-2; we showed in these cells the presence of the viral antigen NS3, and we found productive viral infection by a conventional plaque assay. Of note, the infectivity rate was almost the same in all the primary cultures analyzed from different donors. The skin fibroblasts infected with DENV-2 underwent signaling through both TLR3 and RIG-1, but not Mda5, triggering up-regulation of IFNβ, TNFα, defensin 5 (HB5) and β defensin 2 (HβD2). In addition, DENV infected fibroblasts showed increased nuclear translocation of interferon (IFN) regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), but not interferon regulatory factor 7 IRF7, when compared with mock-infected fibroblasts. Our data suggest that fibroblasts might even participate producing mediators involved in innate immunity that activate and contribute to the orchestration of the local innate responses. This work is the first evaluating primary skin fibroblast cultures obtained from different humans, assessing both their susceptibility to DENV infection as well as their ability to produce molecules crucial for innate immunity

X-ray emission from the Sombrero galaxy: discrete sources

We present a study of discrete X-ray sources in and around the bulge-dominated, massive Sa galaxy, Sombrero (M104), based on new and archival Chandra observations with a total exposure of ~200 ks. With a detection limit of L_X = 1E37 erg/s and a field of view covering a galactocentric radius of ~30 kpc (11.5 arcminute), 383 sources are detected. Cross-correlation with Spitler et al.'s catalogue of Sombrero globular clusters (GCs) identified from HST/ACS observations reveals 41 X-rays sources in GCs, presumably low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs). We quantify the differential luminosity functions (LFs) for both the detected GC and field LMXBs, whose power-low indices (~1.1 for the GC-LF and ~1.6 for field-LF) are consistent with previous studies for elliptical galaxies. With precise sky positions of the GCs without a detected X-ray source, we further quantify, through a fluctuation analysis, the GC LF at fainter luminosities down to 1E35 erg/s. The derived index rules out a faint-end slope flatter than 1.1 at a 2 sigma significance, contrary to recent findings in several elliptical galaxies and the bulge of M31. On the other hand, the 2-6 keV unresolved emission places a tight constraint on the field LF, implying a flattened index of ~1.0 below 1E37 erg/s. We also detect 101 sources in the halo of Sombrero. The presence of these sources cannot be interpreted as galactic LMXBs whose spatial distribution empirically follows the starlight. Their number is also higher than the expected number of cosmic AGNs (52+/-11 [1 sigma]) whose surface density is constrained by deep X-ray surveys. We suggest that either the cosmic X-ray background is unusually high in the direction of Sombrero, or a distinct population of X-ray sources is present in the halo of Sombrero.Comment: 11 figures, 5 tables, ApJ in pres

Search for New Physics with Jets and Missing Transverse Momentum in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

A search for new physics is presented based on an event signature of at least three jets accompanied by large missing transverse momentum, using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 inverse picobarns collected in proton--proton collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. No excess of events is observed above the expected standard model backgrounds, which are all estimated from the data. Exclusion limits are presented for the constrained minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model. Cross section limits are also presented using simplified models with new particles decaying to an undetected particle and one or two jets

Performance of the CMS Cathode Strip Chambers with Cosmic Rays

The Cathode Strip Chambers (CSCs) constitute the primary muon tracking device in the CMS endcaps. Their performance has been evaluated using data taken during a cosmic ray run in fall 2008. Measured noise levels are low, with the number of noisy channels well below 1%. Coordinate resolution was measured for all types of chambers, and fall in the range 47 microns to 243 microns. The efficiencies for local charged track triggers, for hit and for segments reconstruction were measured, and are above 99%. The timing resolution per layer is approximately 5 ns

Performance and Operation of the CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter

The operation and general performance of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter using cosmic-ray muons are described. These muons were recorded after the closure of the CMS detector in late 2008. The calorimeter is made of lead tungstate crystals and the overall status of the 75848 channels corresponding to the barrel and endcap detectors is reported. The stability of crucial operational parameters, such as high voltage, temperature and electronic noise, is summarised and the performance of the light monitoring system is presented

Measurement of the t-channel single top quark production cross section in pp collisions at √s =7 TeV

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