Mobile network connectivity analysis for device to device communication in 5G network

Since long term evolved release 14 (LTE R14), the device to device (D2D) communications have become a promising technology for in-band or out-band mobile communication networks. In addition, D2D communications constitute an essential component of the fifth-generation mobile network (5G). For example, to improve capability communication, reduce the power dissipation, reduce latency within the networks and implement new applications and services. However, reducing the congestion in D2D communications and improving the mobile network connectivity are the essential problems to propose these new applications or services. This paper presents new solutions to reduce the congestion of devices around a base station and improve the performance of the D2D network; in terms of the number of connected devices or user equipment (UE). The simulation results show that our proposed solution can improve the network capacity by doubling the number of connected devices (or UE) and reducing the congestion. For this reason, our proposition makes it possible to reduce the financial cost by reducing the cost of deploying equipment. For example, instead of using two base stations, we can use only one station to connect the same number of devices

Pilot Decontamination over Time Frequency and Space Domains in Multi-Cell Massive MIMO System

In this article, we show that Pilot contamination problem can be seen as a source separation problem using time, frequency, and space domains. Our method capitalizes on a nonunitary joint diagonalization of spatial quadratic time-frequency (STFD) signal representation to identify the desired and interfering users. We first compute the noise subspace from the STFD matrices selected appropriately. Secondly, we use the noise subspace obtained to estimate the Elevation (El) and the Azimuth (Az) angles for which the MUSIC cost function is maximized. Numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the effectiveness and the behavior of the proposed approach

Recommendations for Clinical CYP2C19 Genotyping Allele Selection: A Report of the Association for Molecular Pathology

This document was developed by the Pharmacogenetics (PGx) Working Group of the Association for Molecular Pathology Clinical Practice Committee, whose aim is to recommend variants for inclusion in clinical pharmacogenetic testing panels. The goals of the Association for Molecular Pathology PGx Working Group are to define the key attributes of PGx alleles recommended for clinical testing and to define a minimum set of variants that should be included in clinical PGx genotyping assays. These recommendations include a minimum panel of variant alleles (tier 1) and an extended panel of variant alleles (tier 2) that will aid clinical laboratories when designing PGx assays. The Working Group considered variant allele frequencies in different populations and ethnicities, the availability of reference materials, and other technical considerations for PGx testing when developing these recommendations. These CYP2C19 genotyping recommendations are the first of a series of recommendations for PGx testing. These recommendations are not to be interpreted as restrictive, but they are meant to provide a helpful guide

Stratégie de Coopération entre les réseaux LTE-Radio cognitif en utilisant les technologies MIMO

Dans le réseau LTE avec la large bande, le débit est élevé et le nombre d’utilisateurs est important, mais avec un risque accru d'interférence et de surcharge au niveau du EnodeB [2]. Pour répondre à la demande croissante de spectre radioélectrique [5], on va présenter dans ce travail un scénario de coopération entre le EnodeB et un système cognitif (RC).En utilisant un algorithme coopératif de gestion de spectre au niveau du RC, on a mené une étude comparative au terme de la capacité du EnodeB avec et sans coopération. Les simulations réalisées donnent des résultats satisfaisants

Recommendations for Clinical CYP2C9 Genotyping Allele Selection: A Joint Recommendation of the Association for Molecular Pathology and College of American Pathologists

The goals of the Association for Molecular Pathology Pharmacogenomics (PGx) Working Group of the Association for Molecular Pathology Clinical Practice Committee are to define the key attributes of PGx alleles recommended for clinical testing and a minimum set of variants that should be included in clinical PGx genotyping assays. This document provides recommendations for a minimum panel of variant alleles (Tier 1) and an extended panel of variant alleles (Tier 2) that will aid clinical laboratories when designing assays for CYP2C9 testing. The Working Group considered the functional impact of the variants, allele frequencies in different populations and ethnicities, the availability of reference materials, and other technical considerations for PGx testing when developing these recommendations. Our goal is to promote standardization of testing PGx genes and alleles across clinical laboratories. These recommendations are not to be interpreted as restrictive but to provide a reference guide. The current document will focus on CYP2C9 testing that can be applied to all CYP2C9-related medications. A separate recommendation on warfarin PGx testing is being developed to include recommendations on CYP2C9 alleles and additional warfarin sensitivity–associated genes and alleles

In Silico Resources to Assist in the Development and Evaluation of Physiologically-Based Kinetic Models

Since their inception in pharmaceutical applications, physiologically-based kinetic (PBK) models are increasingly being used across a range of sectors, such as safety assessment of cosmetics, food additives, consumer goods, pesticides and other chemicals. Such models can be used to construct organ-level concentration-time profiles of xenobiotics. These models are essential in determining the overall internal exposure to a chemical and hence its ability to elicit a biological response. There are a multitude of in silico resources available to assist in the construction and evaluation of PBK models. An overview of these resources is presented herein, encompassing all attributes required for PBK modelling. These include predictive tools and databases for physico-chemical properties and absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination (ADME) related properties. Data sources for existing PBK models, bespoke PBK software and generic software that can assist in model development are also identified. On-going efforts to harmonise approaches to PBK model construction, evaluation and reporting that would help increase the uptake and acceptance of these models are also discussed

Pharmacogenetic allele nomenclature: International workgroup recommendations for test result reporting

This manuscript provides nomenclature recommendations developed by an international workgroup to increase transparency and standardization of pharmacogenetic (PGx) result reporting. Presently, sequence variants identified by PGx tests are described using different nomenclature systems. In addition, PGx analysis may detect different sets of variants for each gene, which can affect interpretation of results. This practice has caused confusion and may thereby impede the adoption of clinical PGx testing. Standardization is critical to move PGx forward

In Silico Toxicology Data Resources to Support Read-Across and (Q)SAR

A plethora of databases exist online that can assist in in silico chemical or drug safety assessment. However, a systematic review and grouping of databases, based on purpose and information content, consolidated in a single source has been lacking. To resolve this issue, this review provides a comprehensive listing of the key in silico data resources relevant to: chemical identity and properties, drug action, toxicology (including nano-material toxicity), exposure, omics, pathways, Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Elimination (ADME) properties, clinical trials, pharmacovigilance, patents-related databases, biological (genes, enzymes, proteins, other macromolecules etc.) databases, protein-protein interactions (PPIs), environmental exposure related, and finally databases relating to animal alternatives in support of 3Rs policies. More than nine hundred databases were identified and reviewed against criteria relating to accessibility, data coverage, interoperability or application programming interface (API), appropriate identifiers, types of in vitro-in vivo -clinical data recorded and suitability for modelling, read-across or similarity searching. This review also specifically addresses the need for solutions for mapping and integration of databases into a common platform for better translatability of preclinical data to clinical data

Penser le gouffre méditerranéen à travers l\u27oeuvre d\u27Edouard Glissant

Naima HACHAD, Professeure Assistante à American University, a commencé son intervention en analysant le rapport qu\u27entretient « Strange Fruit » tiré d\u27un poème écrit et publié en 1937 par Abel Meeropol, avec la philosophie glissantienne. Par ailleurs, elle explique que selon l\u27auteur marocain Abdelkébir Khatibi, la Méditerrané est considérée comme un lieu symbolique de décolonisation et un moyen d\u27échapper à ce que Glissant décrit comme l\u27obligation des peuples visités ou conquis par des occidentaux, de procéder à la longue et douloureuse quête d\u27une identité dénaturée par les conquérants. Elle évoque également les problèmes de migration que rencontrent certains pays anciennement colonisés en illustrant des images photographiées de Leïla Alaoui et de Matoug Aborawi

Priorisation des sources de contamination fécale en milieu urbain : pertinence de l’utilisation de marqueurs moléculaires et chimiques comme traceurs de rejets d’eaux usées

«RÉSUMÉ: Une gestion efficace des épisodes de contamination fécale des systèmes aquatiques nécessite dans un premier temps une identification des sources de contamination avant de pouvoir mettre en place des pratiques de gestion et de restauration de la qualité d’un système. Les indicateurs bactériens classiques (E. coli, coliformes fécaux) utilisés dans le suivi de la qualité des eaux bien qu’ils indiquent la présence d’une charge fécale récente ne permettant pas une différenciation de l’origine de la pollution fécale. Un travail important a été réalisé ces dernières années afin de développer une nouvelle approche, dénommée le suivi de sources microbiennes (SSM) ou Microbial Source Tracking (MST). Les techniques de suivi des sources microbiennes sont destinées à permettre aux praticiens et aux chercheurs d'identifier la ou les sources de pollution fécale dans les eaux. Plusieurs recherches ont permis d’identifier des marqueurs microbiologiques et chimiques susceptibles de discriminer les différentes sources, cependant, il n'existe pas de méthodes « standard » définies pour l’approche MST. L'importance d'utiliser plusieurs marqueurs a été soulignée à plusieurs reprises dans la littérature et une approche pragmatique et pratique a semblé être l'adoption d'une « boîte à outils » ou MST « toolbox » constituées de différents marqueurs de suivi des sources. Cette thèse a été consacrée en premier lieu à l’application et la validation de boîtes à outils opérationnelle composées de marqueurs chimiques et moléculaires permettant de tracer les contaminations fécales d’origine humaine (eaux usées) et ce en différentes matrices environnementales et dans différentes conditions hydrométéorologiques et en deuxième lieu au suivi du devenir et du comportement des marqueurs dans le milieu naturel.» et «----------ABSTRACT: Effective management of fecal contamination episodes in aquatic systems requires first identifying the sources of contamination before being able to put in place management practices to restore the quality of a system. Fecal indicator bacteria (E. coli, fecal coliforms) are used for monitoring water quality; however, they indicate the presence of a recent fecal load and do not allow a differentiation of the origin of the fecal pollution. A lot of work has been done in recent years to develop a new approach, named Microbial Source Tracking (MST). Microbial source tracking techniques are intended to allow practitioners and researchers to identify the source(s) of fecal pollution in waters. Several studies have identified microbiological and chemical markers that can discriminate among sources; however, there are no defined "standard" methods for the MST approach. The importance of using several markers has been repeatedly emphasized in the literature and a pragmatic and practical approach is the adoption of a "toolbox" or MST "toolbox" consisting of different source tracking markers. This thesis was devoted firstly to the application and validation of operational toolboxes composed of chemical and molecular markers allowing to track human fecal contamination (wastewater) in different environmental matrices and in different hydrometeorological conditions and secondly to the monitoring of the fate and behavior of markers in the natural environment. To do this, 3 main objectives have been targeted. The first objective is in line with the action plan aimed at the research and elimination/correction of illicit connections in several municipalities in Quebec as required by the Ministry of municipal affairs, regions and land occupancy.