Amazigh funeral poetry in southern Morocco:A study of the characteristics and functions

يعد الشعر في مناطق الجنوب المغربي رافدا مهما من روافد الآداب والفنون، ومرآة لثقافة المجتمع ونمط عيشه، ولأحوال الناس في السراء والضراء. فالشعر لصيق بالمناسبات الاجتماعية، والتعابير الشعرية لطالما احتضنت تصورات الناس للحياة والوجود ولمآلاتهم بعد الممات.         ويعد الشعر الجنائزي من أهم أنماط الشعر الديني الأمازيغي، يضم العديد من المتون الشعرية التي تحف الإنسان في آخر طقس من طقوس العبور، بدءا بلحظات احتضاره حتى وفاته ونعيه ودفنه ثم تأبينه. ويتناول هذا البحث الشعر الجنائزي من حيث الخصائص التي تميزه عن غيره من الأنماط الأخرى، بما في ذلك الأسماء الدالة عليه والتي تتعدد وفقا للتنوع الجغرافي واللهجي ووفقا للصيغ الصرفية التي تتخذها هذه المفردات. وبنيته التي تتخذ شكل المقاطع القصيرة والمتوسطة الطول، وألحانه التي تتغير تبعا للتيمات والمواقف ومناسبات الأداء. بالإضافة إلى ذلك سيتناول البحث أهم الوظائف التي يضطلع بها هذا النمط الشعري، سواء بالنسبة للمتوفى عبر مرافقته وطمأنته في لحظات الاحتضار والرحيل، أو بالنسبة للمكلومين الذين يحتاجون أيضا إلى تقبل الحدث الجلل والتعايش معه.Poetry in the southern regions of Morocco is considered an important tributary of literature and arts, reflecting the culture of the community, their way of life, the conditions of people, and the inner emotions they experience in times of joy and sorrow. Poetry is closely linked to social occasions, and poetic expressions have long embraced people's perceptions of life, existence, and their fate after death. Funeral poetry is regarded as one of the most important styles of Amazigh religious poetry. It includes many poetic texts that accompany a person during the last rites of passage, starting from the moments of their deathbed until their death, eulogy, burial, and then memorialization. This research addresses funeral poetry in terms of the characteristics that distinguish it from other forms, including the names associated with it, which vary according to geographical and dialectal diversity, as well as the morphological structures these terms take. It also examines its structure, which consists of short to medium-length verses, and the melodies that change according to the themes, situations, and performance occasions. Additionally, the research will explore the significant functions that this poetic form serves, both for the deceased, as it accompanies and reassures them during their moments of dying and departure, and for the mourners, who also need to accept the grave event and cope with it

Bibliographie étendue de sémiotique générale

Bibliographie étendue en rapport avec la sémiotique général

Recycling of spent catalysts used in sulfuric acid production

This study focuses on support separation and precipitation of key elements, mainly vanadium, from spent catalysts used in sulfuric acid production. This vanadium recycling process is of particular importance because of the significant number of spent catalysts and their considerable economic value, as well as environmental issues. The paper describes a process for recovering vanadium from spent catalysts, using the acid leaching method (H2SO4, HNO3) with or without additives (H2O2), or simply with H2O. The leaching process was comprehensively monitored at all stages by mass balance analysis in the solution and solid phases, as well as by X-ray diffraction analysis. Leaching at 50 °C for 2 hours with H2SO4 (0.5 M) and H2O2 (0.5 M), with a solid-liquid ratio (S/L) of 1:25, with a leaching efficiency of 90.51% by weight of the vanadium present in the spent catalyst. Subsequent precipitation of the vanadium phases by the addition of NH3(aq) at pH = 7 into the solution using HNO3 with H2O2 resulted in an overall vanadium recovery of 36.31 wt.%. In contrast, leaching with water alone at room temperature dissolved 68.53% by weight of vanadium, achieving an overall yield of 34.39% by weight in the final solid. In particular, the choice of precipitating agent significantly influences the composition of the resulting solid

L’IMPACT DE L’INCLUSION FINANCIÈRE SUR LA PROFITABILITÉ DES BANQUES AU MAROC

Since 2005, governments have been implementing strategies to develop the use of financial services, and to take advantage of the many benefits of financial inclusion.  As one of the main players in the development of financial inclusion, banks need to study the impact of financial inclusion on their profitability. Indeed, the aim of our work is to study the impact of financial inclusion indicators on the profitability of Moroccan banks. To do this, we established a multiple linear regression, based on data from Moroccan banks covering the period from 2004 to 2021. The results of this work show, that FI has a positive impact on the profitability of Moroccan banks, as expressed by ROE, from the point of view of the outstanding loans indicator. We also found that FI is neutral in regard with bank profitability, expressed by ROE, from the point of view of the number of bank branches and outstanding deposits. Furthermore, the number of ATMs has a negative impact on bank profitability, also expressed in terms of ROE. The study also shows that economic growth has a positive impact on the profitability of Moroccan banks.Depuis 2005, les Etats mirent en place des stratégies pour développer l’utilisation des services financiers, et pour tirer profit des nombreux avantages de l’inclusion financière. Les banques comme étant un des principaux acteurs de développement de l’inclusion financière, doivent étudier l’impact de cette dernière sur leur profitabilité. En effet, l’objet de notre travail est d’étudier l’impact des indicateurs de l’inclusion financière sur la profitabilité des banques marocaines. Pour ce faire nous avons mis en place une régression linéaire multiple, sur la base des données des banques marocaines couvrant la période de 2004 à 2021. Les résultats de ce travail, stipule que l’IF, a un impact positif sur la profitabilité des banques marocaines, exprimé par la ROE, du point de vue de l’indicateur encours de crédit. Nous avons constaté également, que l’IF est neutre par rapport à la profitabilité des banques, exprimé par la ROE, de point de vue du nombre des agences bancaire et l’encours de dépôt. De surcroît, le nombre de GAB impact négativement la profitabilité bancaire, exprimé également, par la ROE. Nous avons soulevé, également, à travers l’étude, que la croissance économique a un impact positif sur la profitabilité des banques marocaines

Comprehensive analysis of trace metal contamination in Agadir Bay sediments: Assessment of environmental impact and pollution sources.

: Metal contamination is a widespread issue that has garnered significant attention. Therefore, monitoring actions to assess the occurrence and progression of metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems are crucial. This study assessed heavy metal contamination in the sediments of Agadir Bay at five different sites using pollution indices. The aim was to evaluate the presence of heavy metals attributable to industrial activities compared to natural background levels. The purpose of this study is to assess the quality of sediments in aquatic environments. Applying the fundamental principles of concentration measurement, index determination and comparison with established standards which vary according to the toxicity of the element, its characteristics and the natural environment - trace metals (TMEs) are used to assess pollution levels and identify their sources. Samples were taken from various sites in the study area, located in Agadir Bay, a key coastal region of Morocco. The results reveal that concentrations of all elements are below those of the upper continental crust (UCC), with the exception of arsenic and cadmium, whose average concentrations are 6.7 mg/kg and 0.6 mg/kg respectively. The geo-accumulation index indicated a slight contamination by cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) across all sampling stations. However, the pollution load index showed no contamination by heavy metals in this study. The ecological risk coefficient (Eri) values reveal a high ecological risk associated with cadmium at the EP and R1 stations, and a very high ecological risk at the R2, R3, and R4 stations. The enrichment of the studied sites in the Bay of Agadir with cadmium and arsenic supports the hypothesis of the role of upwelling, in addition to contributions from wastewater

Appréhender un texte littéraire : Quels gestes professionnels ?

Constituant un noyau d’investigation de grande potentialité, les gestes professionnels occupent une place prépondérante qui ne cesse d’occuper le devant de la scène des recherches en didactique du français qui s’intéressent de plus en plus au développement des démarches ayant pour vocation de décrire et comprendre les pratiques enseignantes en classe Dans ce sillage, notre article cherche à sonder la corrélation entre les gestes professionnels et l’apprentissage de la lecture littéraire et ce au moyen d’un entretien semi directif mené avec des enseignantes du français. Le but étant de repérer , d’interroger et d’analyser les gestes les plus répandus et leurs impacts sur les apprentissages des apprenants

La parole écrite comme marqueur identitaire dans Une Année chez les Français de Fouad Laroui

L’écrit et l’oral entretiennent des rapports on ne peut plus étroits. Bien que l’homme passe à l’écrit, ce dernier continue à être alimenté par des éléments de l’oral. Toutefois, cette présence desdits éléments oraux dans les textes écrits n’est, loin s’en faut, pas anodine. C’est dans ce sens que s’inscrit le présent travail en ayant l’ambition de montrer comment la parole écrite opère comme véhicule de l’identité des personnages et ce dans le roman de Fouad Laroui intitulé Une Année chez les Français. Afin de mener à bien ce travail, nous nous sommes largement basés sur les travaux de Mikhaïl Bakhtine, de Catherine Kerbrat-Orecchioni et Dominique Maingueneau en matière d’analyse du discours. Mots-clés : oral, écrit, identité, polyphonique, étho