200 research outputs found
Dynamics of the Mott Insulator to Superfluid quantum phase transition in the truncated Wigner approximation
The quantum phase transition from the Mott insulator state to the superfluid
in the Bose-Hubbard model is investigated. We research one, two and three
dimensional lattices in the truncated Wigner approximation. We compute both
kinetic and potential energy and they turn out to have a power law behaviour as
a function of the transition rate, with the power equal to 1/3. The same
applies to the total energy in a system with a harmonic trap, which is usually
present in the experimental set-up. These observations are in agreement with
the experiment of [8], where such scalings were also observed and the power of
the decay was numerically close to 1/3. The results confirm the Kibble-Zurek
(adiabatic-impulse-adiabatic approximation) scenario for this transition.Comment: 14 pages, 11 figures; Laser Physics Workshop (LPHYS'12) Proceedings,
Calgary 201
A ring of BEC pools as a trap for persistent flow
Mott insulator - superfluid transition in a periodic lattice of Josephson
junctions can be driven by tunneling rate increase. Resulting winding numbers
of the condensate wavefunction decrease with increasing quench time in
accord with the Kibble-Zurek mechanism (KZM). However, in very slow quenches
Bose-Hubbard dynamics rearranges wavefunction phase so that its random walk
cools, decreases and eventually the wavefunction becomes too cold
to overcome potential barriers separating different . Thus, in contrast with
KZM, in very slow quenches is set by random walk with "critical"
step size, independently of .Comment: Decompressed version to appear in Phys. Rev.
Quench from Mott Insulator to Superfluid
We study a linear ramp of the nearest-neighbor tunneling rate in the
Bose-Hubbard model driving the system from the Mott insulator state into the
superfluid phase. We employ the truncated Wigner approximation to simulate
linear quenches of a uniform system in 1,2, and 3 dimensions, and in a harmonic
trap in 3 dimensions. In all these setups the excitation energy decays like one
over third root of the quench time. The -1/3 scaling arises from an
impulse-adiabatic approximation - a variant of the Kibble-Zurek mechanism -
describing a crossover from non-adiabatic to adiabatic evolution when the
system begins to keep pace with the increasing tunneling rate.Comment: 10 pages, 13 figures; version published in Phys. Rev.
Spin-Imbalanced Fermi Superfluidity in a Lieb Lattice Hubbard Model
We obtain a phase diagram of the spin imbalanced Hubbard model on the Lieb
lattice, which is known to feature a flat band in its single-particle spectrum.
Using the BCS mean-field theory for multiband systems, we find a variety of
superfluid phases with imbalance. In particular, we find four different types
FFLO phases, i.e. superfluid phases with periodic spatial modulation. They
differ by the magnitude and direction of the centre-of-mass momentum of Cooper
pairs. We also see a large region of stable Sarma phase, where the density
imbalance is associated with zero Cooper pair momentum. In the mechanism
responsible for the formation of those phases, the crucial role is played by
the flat band, wherein particles can readjust their density at zero energy
cost. The multiorbital structure of the unit cell is found to stabilize the
Sarma phase by allowing for a modulation of the order parameter within a unit
cell. We also study the effect of finite temperature and a lattice with
staggered hopping parameters on the behaviour of these phases.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figure
A four-compartment PBPK heart model accounting for cardiac metabolism - model development and application
In the field of cardiac drug efficacy and safety assessment, information on drug concentration in heart tissue is desirable. Because measuring drug concentrations in human cardiac tissue is challenging in healthy volunteers, mathematical models are used to cope with such limitations. With a goal of predicting drug concentration in cardiac tissue, we have developed a whole-body PBPK model consisting of seventeen perfusion-limited compartments. The proposed PBPK heart model consisted of four compartments: the epicardium, midmyocardium, endocardium, and pericardial fluid, and accounted for cardiac metabolism using CYP450. The model was written in R. The plasma:tissues partition coefficients (Kp) were calculated in Simcyp Simulator. The model was fitted to the concentrations of amitriptyline in plasma and the heart. The estimated parameters were as follows: 0.80 for the absorption rate [h(−1)], 52.6 for Kp(rest), 0.01 for the blood flow through the pericardial fluid [L/h], and 0.78 for the P-parameter describing the diffusion between the pericardial fluid and epicardium [L/h]. The total cardiac clearance of amitriptyline was calculated as 0.316 L/h. Although the model needs further improvement, the results support its feasibility, and it is a first attempt to provide an active drug concentration in various locations within heart tissue using a PBPK approach
Excitation energy after a smooth quench in a Luttinger liquid
Low energy physics of quasi-one-dimensional ultracold atomic gases is often
described by a gapless Luttinger liquid (LL). It is nowadays routine to
manipulate these systems by changing their parameters in time but, no matter
how slow the manipulation is, it must excite a gapless system. We study a
smooth change of parameters of the LL (a smooth "quench") with a variable
quench time and find that the excitation energy decays with an inverse power of
the quench time. This universal exponent is -2 at zero temperature, and -1 for
slow enough quenches at finite temperature. The smooth quench does not excite
beyond the range of validity of the low energy LL description.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures; minor changes, version published in Phys. Rev.
Observation of Solitonic Vortices in Bose-Einstein Condensates
We observe solitonic vortices in an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate after
free expansion. Clear signatures of the nature of such defects are the twisted
planar density depletion around the vortex line, observed in absorption images,
and the double dislocation in the interference pattern obtained through
homodyne techniques. Both methods allow us to determine the sign of the
quantized circulation. Experimental observations agree with numerical
simulations. These solitonic vortices are the decay product of phase defects of
the BEC order parameter spontaneously created after a rapid quench across the
BEC transition in a cigar-shaped harmonic trap and are shown to have a very
long lifetime.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figure
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