Leadership and organizational culture transformation in professional sport

Schein (1992) defined organizational culture as a pattern of shared basic assumptions that the group learned as it solved its problems of external adaptation and internal integration (p. 12), and organizational culture has long been recognized as a moderator to performance in business (Baalthazard, Cooke, & Potter, 2006; Kotter & Heskett, 1992; Smerek & Denison, 2007). The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the phenomena of organizational culture change in professional sport (National Basketball Association, Major League Baseball, and National Football League). Of the 32 teams that met criteria for inclusion, six agreed to participate. Specifically, leaders (owners or general managers) who had successfully brought their organizations through organizational culture change, as evidenced by their team\u27s performance, agreed to an in-person interview. Modified interpretive analysis was utilized to analyze the data (Hatch, 2002), from which five primary themes emerged (Symptoms of a Dysfunctional Culture, My Way, Walk the Talk, Embedding New Culture, and Our Way). These themes and their respective subthemes were highly inter-related and together formed an initial model for organizational culture change in professional sport: the Culture Change Cycle. Each theme along with the overall model is discussed in depth, and differences across sport and role are explained

A MIXED METHODS STUDY OF PRINCIPALS’ EXPERIENCE USING DATA ANALYTIC TOOLS IN HAWAI‘I

Ph.D.Ph.D. Thesis. University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa 201

Probing structural evolution along multidimensional reaction coordinates with femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy

Mapping out multidimensional potential energy surfaces has been a goal of physical chemistry for decades in the quest to both predict and control chemical reactivity. Recently a new spectroscopic approach called Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy or FSRS was introduced that can structurally interrogate multiple dimensions of a reactive potential energy surface. FSRS is an ultrafast laser technique which provides complete time-resolved, background-free Raman spectra in a few laser shots. The FSRS technique provides simultaneous ultrafast time (~50 fs) and spectral (~8 cm⁻¹) resolution, thus enabling one to follow reactive structural evolutions as they occur. In this perspective we summarize how FSRS has been used to follow structural dynamics and provide mechanistic detail on three classical chemical reactions: a structural isomerization, an electron transfer reaction, and a proton transfer reaction.This is the author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by the Royal Society of Chemistry and can be found at: http://pubs.rsc.org/en/journals/journalissues/cp

Raman Scattering near Metal Nanostructures

We study Raman scattering in active media placed in proximity of different types of metal nanostructures, at wavelengths that display either Fabry-Perot or plasmonic resonances, or a combination of both. We use a semi-classical approach to derive equations of motion for Stokes and anti-Stokes fields that arise from quantum fluctuations. Our calculations suggest that local field enhancement yields Stokes and anti-Stokes conversion efficiencies between five and seven orders of magnitudes larger compared to cases without the metal nanostructure. We also show that to first order in the linear susceptibility the local field correction induces a dynamic, intensity-dependent frequency detuning that at high intensities tends to quench Raman gain

Label-Free Optical Single-Molecule Micro- and Nanosensors

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Wiley via the DOI in this recordLabel-free optical sensor systems have emerged that exhibit extraordinary sensitivity for detecting physical, chemical, and biological entities at the micro/nanoscale. Particularly exciting is the detection and analysis of molecules, on miniature optical devices that have many possible applications in health, environment, and security. These micro- and nanosensors have now reached a sensitivity level that allows for the detection and analysis of even single molecules. Their small size enables an exceedingly high sensitivity, and the application of quantum optical measurement techniques can allow the classical limits of detection to be approached or surpassed. The new class of label-free micro- and nanosensors allows dynamic processes at the single-molecule level to be observed directly with light. By virtue of their small interaction length, these micro- and nanosensors probe light–matter interactions over a dynamic range often inaccessible by other optical techniques. For researchers entering this rapidly advancing field of single-molecule micro- and nanosensors, there is an urgent need for a timely review that covers the most recent developments and that identifies the most exciting opportunities. The focus here is to provide a summary of the recent techniques that have either demonstrated label-free single-molecule detection or claim single-molecule sensitivity.Living Systems Institute, University of Exete

Geospatial Semantics

Geospatial semantics is a broad field that involves a variety of research areas. The term semantics refers to the meaning of things, and is in contrast with the term syntactics. Accordingly, studies on geospatial semantics usually focus on understanding the meaning of geographic entities as well as their counterparts in the cognitive and digital world, such as cognitive geographic concepts and digital gazetteers. Geospatial semantics can also facilitate the design of geographic information systems (GIS) by enhancing the interoperability of distributed systems and developing more intelligent interfaces for user interactions. During the past years, a lot of research has been conducted, approaching geospatial semantics from different perspectives, using a variety of methods, and targeting different problems. Meanwhile, the arrival of big geo data, especially the large amount of unstructured text data on the Web, and the fast development of natural language processing methods enable new research directions in geospatial semantics. This chapter, therefore, provides a systematic review on the existing geospatial semantic research. Six major research areas are identified and discussed, including semantic interoperability, digital gazetteers, geographic information retrieval, geospatial Semantic Web, place semantics, and cognitive geographic concepts.Comment: Yingjie Hu (2017). Geospatial Semantics. In Bo Huang, Thomas J. Cova, and Ming-Hsiang Tsou et al. (Eds): Comprehensive Geographic Information Systems, Elsevier. Oxford, U

Quantifying the Ultrafast and Steady-State Molecular Reduction Potential of a Plasmonic Photocatalyst

Plasmonic materials are promising photocatalysts as they are well-suited to convert light into hot carriers and heat. Hot electron transfer is suggested as the driving force in many plasmon-driven reactions. However, to date there are no direct molecular measures of the rate and yield of plasmon-to-molecule electron transfer, or energy of these electrons on the timescale of plasmon decay. Here, we use ultrafast and spectroelectrochemical surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy to quantify electron transfer from a plasmonic substrate to adsorbed methyl viologen molecules. We observe a reduction yield of 2.4 - 3.5 % on the picosecond timescale, with plasmon-induced potentials ranging from -3.1 to -4.5 mV. Excitingly, some of these reduced species are stabilized and persist for tens of minutes. This work provides concrete metrics toward optimizing material-molecule interactions for efficient plasmon-driven photocatalysis

Coherent Phonon Catalysts: Lattice Vibrations Drive a Photoinduced Phase Transition in a Molecular Crystal

The atomic motions that make up phonons and molecular vibrations in molecular crystals influence their photophysical and electronic properties including polaron formation, carrier mobility, and phase transitions. Discriminating between spectator and driving motions is a significant challenge hindering optimization. Unlocking this information and developing fine-tuned controls over actively participating phonon modes would not only lead to a stronger understanding of photochemistry but also provide a significant new tool in controlling solid-state chemistry. We present a strategy using rationally-designed double pulses to enhance the yield of a photoinduced phase transition in a molecular crystal through coherent control of individual phonons. Using ultrafast spectroscopy, we identified 50 cm-1 and 90 cm-1 phonons responsible for the photoinduced spin-Peierls melting of potassium tetracyanoquinodimethane crystals. We show that the 90 cm-1 phonon can be used to catalyze the phase transition process while the 50 cm-1 phonon enhances the yield of the initial charge transfer reaction.<br /