Evaluación agroecológica de dos agroecosistemas (Reserva Silvestre Privada Estación Biológica Francisco Guzmán Pasos y San Miguelito Centro) en la comarca de San Miguelito, del municipio de Juigalpa, Chontales

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo la evaluación agroecológica de dos agroecosistemas en la comarca San Miguelito, de la ciudad de Juigalpa, sé llevó a cabo en el año 2022, caracterizando el grado de complejidad de los diseños y manejos de la biodiversidad en dos agroecosistemas, en la Reserva Silvestre Privada Estación Biológica Francisco Guzmán Pasos, en la finca San Miguelito Centro de la productora Petrona López, así como también se describen los aspectos Socio-político-cultural-económicos-agroambientales de cada uno de los agroecosistemas, además, se cuantifica el grado de sostenibilidad de los agroecosistemas. Las herramientas utilizadas son: HESOFI la cual evalúa 72 indicadores, 12 componentes y tres criterios, socio�cultural, económica y agro-ambiental. VÁZQUEZ (2013) la que evalúa seis indicativos y 64 indicadores, se miden con un rango (0-4) siendo este un valor estándar para medir el nivel de complejidad de los sistemas de producción. Los agroecosistemas Reserva Silvestre Privada Estación Biológica Francisco Guzmán Pasos y San Miguelito Centro ambas fincas conservan diseños y manejos de biodiversidad “medianamente complejo” y se trabaja bajo un modelo agroecológico según la herramienta de Vázquez 2013, la Reserva Silvestre Privada Estación Biológica Francisco Guzmán Pasos con un resultado de 2.68 y San Miguelito Centro con un resultado 2.48. Según la herramienta de HESOFI ambas fincas no superan el índice de sostenibilidad para ser aceptables, porque estos no alcanzan, al menos el 80%. Dando el resultado siguiente la RSP EBFGP posee un índice de sostenibilidad general de 76% (70+71+87) /300*100 y San Miguelito Centro que asume un 68% (63+65+77) /300*10

Evaluación del estado nutricional de niños en edad escolar de dos localidades indígenas de Oaxaca

Introducción: La malnutrición es un problema grave en la edad escolar y se polariza en excesos o carencias que pueden perjudicar física, psicológica y fisiológicamente la salud de los niños a corto y largo plazo. Objetivo: Conocer el estado nutricional de escolares de dos localidades indígenas de Oaxaca. Método: Se realizó un estudio transversal observacional en 120 niños escolares de 6 a 12 años de las localidades de Progreso Guevea y Xadani Guevea de Humboldt, Oaxaca. Se obtuvo el peso y la talla. El estado nutricio se determinó a través del puntaje z del IMC para la edad y talla para la edad en STATA V. 14. El análisis de los datos se realizó por medio de frecuencias, porcentajes, diferencias de medias y pruebas de Chi-cuadrada,T de Student y U deMann-Whitney en SPSS V. 24. Resultados: De los 120 niños analizados se obtuvo una prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad de 15% y de desnutrición de 16.7%. Se encontraron diferencias significativas de desnutrición entre localidades (p=0.02) y entre alumnos de menor y mayor grado (p=0.00). Se observó mayor proporción de niñas con obesidad. Conclusiones: La doble carga de desnutrición, sobrepeso y obesidad sigue permeando diferentes zonas indígenas del país mostrándose en similitud de proporciones, considerándose aún un problema de salud pública mundial

Mutational spectrum of the SPG4 (SPAST) and SPG3A (ATL1) genes in Spanish patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Hereditary Spastic Paraplegias (HSP) are characterized by progressive spasticity and weakness of the lower limbs. At least 45 loci have been identified in families with autosomal dominant (AD), autosomal recessive (AR), or X-linked hereditary patterns. Mutations in the <it>SPAST </it>(<it>SPG4</it>) and <it>ATL1 </it>(<it>SPG3A</it>) genes would account for about 50% of the ADHSP cases.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We defined the <it>SPAST </it>and <it>ATL1 </it>mutational spectrum in a total of 370 unrelated HSP index cases from Spain (83% with a pure phenotype).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We found 50 <it>SPAST </it>mutations (including two large deletions) in 54 patients and 7 <it>ATL1 </it>mutations in 11 patients. A total of 33 of the <it>SPAST </it>and 3 of the <it>ATL1 </it>were new mutations. A total of 141 (31%) were familial cases, and we found a higher frequency of mutation carriers among these compared to apparently sporadic cases (38% vs. 5%). Five of the <it>SPAST </it>mutations were predicted to affect the pre-mRNA splicing, and in 4 of them we demonstrated this effect at the cDNA level. In addition to large deletions, splicing, frameshifting, and missense mutations, we also found a nucleotide change in the stop codon that would result in a larger ORF.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>In a large cohort of Spanish patients with spastic paraplegia, <it>SPAST </it>and <it>ATL1 </it>mutations were found in 15% of the cases. These mutations were more frequent in familial cases (compared to sporadic), and were associated with heterogeneous clinical manifestations.</p

CIBERER : Spanish national network for research on rare diseases: A highly productive collaborative initiative

Altres ajuts: Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.CIBER (Center for Biomedical Network Research; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red) is a public national consortium created in 2006 under the umbrella of the Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII). This innovative research structure comprises 11 different specific areas dedicated to the main public health priorities in the National Health System. CIBERER, the thematic area of CIBER focused on rare diseases (RDs) currently consists of 75 research groups belonging to universities, research centers, and hospitals of the entire country. CIBERER's mission is to be a center prioritizing and favoring collaboration and cooperation between biomedical and clinical research groups, with special emphasis on the aspects of genetic, molecular, biochemical, and cellular research of RDs. This research is the basis for providing new tools for the diagnosis and therapy of low-prevalence diseases, in line with the International Rare Diseases Research Consortium (IRDiRC) objectives, thus favoring translational research between the scientific environment of the laboratory and the clinical setting of health centers. In this article, we intend to review CIBERER's 15-year journey and summarize the main results obtained in terms of internationalization, scientific production, contributions toward the discovery of new therapies and novel genes associated to diseases, cooperation with patients' associations and many other topics related to RD research

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

CIBERER: Spanish national network for research on rare diseases: A highly productive collaborative initiative

13 páginas,1 figura, 3 tablas, 1 apéndice. Se extraen los autores pertenecientes a The CIBERER network que trabajan en Centros del CSIC del Appendix ACIBER (Center for Biomedical Network Research; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red) is a public national consortium created in 2006 under the umbrella of the Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII). This innovative research structure comprises 11 different specific areas dedicated to the main public health priorities in the National Health System. CIBERER, the thematic area of CIBER focused on rare diseases (RDs) currently consists of 75 research groups belonging to universities, research centers, and hospitals of the entire country. CIBERER's mission is to be a center prioritizing and favoring collaboration and cooperation between biomedical and clinical research groups, with special emphasis on the aspects of genetic, molecular, biochemical, and cellular research of RDs. This research is the basis for providing new tools for the diagnosis and therapy of low-prevalence diseases, in line with the International Rare Diseases Research Consortium (IRDiRC) objectives, thus favoring translational research between the scientific environment of the laboratory and the clinical setting of health centers. In this article, we intend to review CIBERER's 15-year journey and summarize the main results obtained in terms of internationalization, scientific production, contributions toward the discovery of new therapies and novel genes associated to diseases, cooperation with patients' associations and many other topics related to RD research.This study has been funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and Spanish Ministry of Science and InnovationPeer reviewe

Centrality evolution of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density over a broad pseudorapidity range in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76TeV

Peer reviewe

Ultralight vector dark matter search using data from the KAGRA O3GK run

Among the various candidates for dark matter (DM), ultralight vector DM can be probed by laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors through the measurement of oscillating length changes in the arm cavities. In this context, KAGRA has a unique feature due to differing compositions of its mirrors, enhancing the signal of vector DM in the length change in the auxiliary channels. Here we present the result of a search for U(1)B−L gauge boson DM using the KAGRA data from auxiliary length channels during the first joint observation run together with GEO600. By applying our search pipeline, which takes into account the stochastic nature of ultralight DM, upper bounds on the coupling strength between the U(1)B−L gauge boson and ordinary matter are obtained for a range of DM masses. While our constraints are less stringent than those derived from previous experiments, this study demonstrates the applicability of our method to the lower-mass vector DM search, which is made difficult in this measurement by the short observation time compared to the auto-correlation time scale of DM