Identification and biotechnological characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from chickpea sourdough in northwestern Argentina

Chickpea, a relevant legume worldwide, can be nutritional and functionally improved by fermentation with lactic acid bacteria (LAB). In order to select suitable autochthonous starter cultures, we isolated and identified LAB from kabuli chickpeas cultivated and consumed in northwestern Argentina, and screened their relevant techno-functional properties. Chickpeas were milled and spontaneously fermented with daily back-slopping at 37 °C for 6 days and evolution of microbial populations were followed by plate counting. Phenotypic and genotypic methods including (GTG)5-based PCR fingerprinting and 16S rDNA sequencing were used to differentiate and identify the isolates to species level. A marked increase of LAB counts was observed throughout fermentation raising from 0.88 ± 0.35 log CFU/g of unfermented flours to 9.61 ± 0.21 log CFU/g after 5 backslopping steps with a concomitant pH decline from 6.09 ± 0.05 to 4.40 ± 0.03. Eighteen strains belonging to four LAB genera and six species: Enterococcus durans, E. mundtii, Lactococcus garvieae, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Weissella cibaria and W. paramesenteroides were identified in chickpea sourdoughs. Based on their abilities, Weissella cibaria CRL 2205 (acidification capacity), W. paramesenteroides CRL 2191 (proteolytic activity), Pediococcus pentosaceus CRL 2145 (gallate decarboxylase and peptidase activities), Lactococcus garviae CRL 2199 (α-galactosidase activity) and E. durans CRL 2193 (antimicrobial activity), were selected to design novel fermented chickpea products.Fil: Saez, Gabriel Dario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Universidad San Pablo Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Saavedra, Maria Lucila. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Hebert, Elvira Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Zarate, Gabriela del Valle. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Universidad San Pablo Tucumán; Argentin

Bancos mixtos de forrajes como alternativa alimenticia en periodos críticos de la producción animal en el Centro Agropecuario y de Biotecnología El Porvenir

Cartilla que describe técnicas para el establecimiento de sistemas de producción de forrajes como método para enfrentar la falta de alimentos durante condiciones agroclimáticas adversas.Primer describing techniques for the establishment of forage production systems as a method to face the lack of food during adverse agroclimatic conditions.Condiciones básicas para realizar una buena selección en el establecimiento de los bancos mixtos de forrajes -- Adecuación, preparación y establecimiento del terreno en los bancos mixtos de forrajes -- Especies forrajeras que sembraron en el banco de forrajesna63 página

Identidad profesional en estudiantes del sexto año de medicina humana de una universidad pública, 2013

Introduction. Identity in students configures their self-recognition with the profession and involves the personal, family, cognitive, institutional and sociocultural. Objective. Know the components of the construction of the professional identity and the main phenomena that interact in said construction, in students of human medicine of the National University of San Marcos. Methods. A quantitative and qualitative study was carried out. 136 students from the sixth year of study participated in the study and were given a professional identity questionnaire. Sixteen students underwent an open interview. The processing of the data was done with the JMP V7 Software. Results. Of the 136 students evaluated, 63.2% had a favorable opinion regarding professional identity; 34.6%, intermediate; and 2.2%, unfavorable. From the qualitative analysis it was found that the early identification with the profession, the support provided by the family, as well as the affective, social and economic support, were present components in the students interviewed. Conclusions. The professional identity in sixth-year students of human medicine was mostly favorable. The construction of the professional identity had as components to the early identification with the profession, the family, and the affective, social and economic support.Introducción. La identidad en los estudiantes configura su autorreconocimiento con la profesión e involucra lo personal, familiar, cognitivo, institucional y sociocultural. Objetivo. Conocer los componentes de la construcción de la identidad profesional y los principales fenómenos que interactúan en dicha construcción, en estudiantes de medicina humana de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo y cualitativo. Participaron del estudio 136 estudiantes del sexto año de estudios a quienes se les aplicó un cuestionario de identidad profesional. A 16 estudiantes se realizó entrevista abierta. El procesamiento de los datos se realizó con el software JMP V7. Resultados. De los 136 estudiantes evaluados, 63,2% tuvieron opinión favorable respecto a la identidad profesional; 34,6%, intermedia; y 2,2%, desfavorable. Del análisis cualitativo se encontró que la identificación temprana con la profesión, el apoyo brindado por la familia, así como el soporte afectivo, social y económico, fueron componentes presentes en los estudiantes entrevistados. Conclusiones. La identidad profesional en estudiantes de sexto año de medicina humana fue mayoritariamente favorable. La construcción de la identidad profesional tuvo como componentes a la identificación temprana con la profesión, la familia, y el soporte afectivo, social y económico

Analysis of unresolved complex mixtures of hydrocarbons extracted from Late Archean sediments by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC)

Author Posting. © Elsevier B.V., 2008. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Organic Geochemistry 39 (2008): 846-867, doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2008.03.006.Hydrocarbon mixtures too complex to resolve by traditional capillary gas chromatrography display gas chromatograms with dramatically rising baselines or “humps” of coeluting compounds that are termed unresolved complex mixtures (UCMs). Because the constituents of UCMs are not ordinarily identified, a large amount of geochemical information is never explored. Gas chromatograms of saturated/unsaturated hydrocarbons extracted from Late Archean argillites and greywackes of the southern Abitibi Province of Ontario, Canada contain UCMs with different appearances or “topologies” relating to the intensity and retention time of the compounds comprising the UCMs. These topologies appear to have some level of stratigraphic organization, such that samples collected at any stratigraphic formation collectively are dominated by UCMs that either elute early- (within a window of C15-C20 of n-alkanes), early- to mid- (C15-C30 of n-alkanes), or have a broad UCM that extends through the entire retention time of the sample (from C15-C42 of n-alkanes). Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-MS) was used to resolve the constituents forming these various UCMs. Early- to mid- eluting UCMs are dominated by configurational isomers of alkyl-substituted and non substituted polycyclic compounds that contain up to six rings. Late eluting UCMs are composed of C36-C40 mono-, bi-, and tricyclic archaeal isoprenoid diastereomers. Broad UCMs spanning the retention time of compound elution contain nearly the same compounds observed in the early-, mid-, and late retention time UCMs. Although the origin of the polycyclic compounds is unclear, the variations in the UCM topology appear to depend on the concentration of initial compound classes that have the potential to become isomerized. Isomerization of these constituents may have resulted from hydrothermal alteration of organic matter.This project was supported by NASA Exobiology grant #NAG5-13446 to Fabien Kenig. GC×GC analysis was supported by NSF grant IIS-0430835 and the Seaver Foundation to Christopher M. Reddy. Preparation of the archaeal biphytane standard was supported by NSF grant ARC-0520226 to Benjamin Van Mooy

Trends and outcome of neoadjuvant treatment for rectal cancer: A retrospective analysis and critical assessment of a 10-year prospective national registry on behalf of the Spanish Rectal Cancer Project

Introduction: Preoperative treatment and adequate surgery increase local control in rectal cancer. However, modalities and indications for neoadjuvant treatment may be controversial. Aim of this study was to assess the trends of preoperative treatment and outcomes in patients with rectal cancer included in the Rectal Cancer Registry of the Spanish Associations of Surgeons. Method: This is a STROBE-compliant retrospective analysis of a prospective database. All patients operated on with curative intention included in the Rectal Cancer Registry were included. Analyses were performed to compare the use of neoadjuvant/adjuvant treatment in three timeframes: I)2006–2009; II)2010–2013; III)2014–2017. Survival analyses were run for 3-year survival in timeframes I-II. Results: Out of 14, 391 patients, 8871 (61.6%) received neoadjuvant treatment. Long-course chemo/radiotherapy was the most used approach (79.9%), followed by short-course radiotherapy ± chemotherapy (7.6%). The use of neoadjuvant treatment for cancer of the upper third (15-11 cm) increased over time (31.5%vs 34.5%vs 38.6%, p = 0.0018). The complete regression rate slightly increased over time (15.6% vs 16% vs 18.5%; p = 0.0093); the proportion of patients with involved circumferential resection margins (CRM) went down from 8.2% to 7.3%and 5.5% (p = 0.0004). Neoadjuvant treatment significantly decreased positive CRM in lower third tumors (OR 0.71, 0.59–0.87, Cochrane-Mantel-Haenszel P = 0.0008). Most ypN0 patients also received adjuvant therapy. In MR-defined stage III patients, preoperative treatment was associated with significantly longer local-recurrence-free survival (p < 0.0001), and cancer-specific survival (p < 0.0001). The survival benefit was smaller in upper third cancers. Conclusion: There was an increasing trend and a potential overuse of neoadjuvant treatment in cancer of the upper rectum. Most ypN0 patients received postoperative treatment. Involvement of CRM in lower third tumors was reduced after neoadjuvant treatment. Stage III and MRcN + benefited the most

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Evaluation of appendicitis risk prediction models in adults with suspected appendicitis

Background Appendicitis is the most common general surgical emergency worldwide, but its diagnosis remains challenging. The aim of this study was to determine whether existing risk prediction models can reliably identify patients presenting to hospital in the UK with acute right iliac fossa (RIF) pain who are at low risk of appendicitis. Methods A systematic search was completed to identify all existing appendicitis risk prediction models. Models were validated using UK data from an international prospective cohort study that captured consecutive patients aged 16–45 years presenting to hospital with acute RIF in March to June 2017. The main outcome was best achievable model specificity (proportion of patients who did not have appendicitis correctly classified as low risk) whilst maintaining a failure rate below 5 per cent (proportion of patients identified as low risk who actually had appendicitis). Results Some 5345 patients across 154 UK hospitals were identified, of which two‐thirds (3613 of 5345, 67·6 per cent) were women. Women were more than twice as likely to undergo surgery with removal of a histologically normal appendix (272 of 964, 28·2 per cent) than men (120 of 993, 12·1 per cent) (relative risk 2·33, 95 per cent c.i. 1·92 to 2·84; P < 0·001). Of 15 validated risk prediction models, the Adult Appendicitis Score performed best (cut‐off score 8 or less, specificity 63·1 per cent, failure rate 3·7 per cent). The Appendicitis Inflammatory Response Score performed best for men (cut‐off score 2 or less, specificity 24·7 per cent, failure rate 2·4 per cent). Conclusion Women in the UK had a disproportionate risk of admission without surgical intervention and had high rates of normal appendicectomy. Risk prediction models to support shared decision‐making by identifying adults in the UK at low risk of appendicitis were identified

Hortalizas y legumbres fermentadas

Para el correcto funcionamiento del organismo, es indispensable incrementar en nuestra dieta habitual, el consumo de hortalizas y legumbres, ya que aportan nutrientes esenciales y numerosos compuestos bioactivos con efectos beneficiosos para la salud. Sin embargo, su contenido de agua y riqueza nutricional los torna altamente perecederos, por lo que son necesarias estrategias para incrementar su vida útil además de su consumo. En este contexto, la fermentación representa una manera simple y atractiva de biotransformar positivamente estas materias primas mejorando sus características organolépticas, nutricionales y funcionales. En este capítulo, abordamos la fermentación de los vegetales desde un punto de vista microbiológico y tecnológico, con particular énfasis en el potencial de las bacterias lácticas para llevar a cabo estas transformaciones, y recorremos el espectro de alimentos vegetales fermentados tradicionales y emergentes. El conocimiento del proceso con fundamento científico puede contribuir a mejorar la calidad de los productos ya existentes y a innovar en el desarrollo de Alimentos Funcionales de base vegetal, diversificando la oferta y abriendo nuevos mercados.Fil: Blajman, Jesica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigacion de la Cadena Lactea. - Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela. Instituto de Investigacion de la Cadena Lactea.; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela. Agencia de Extension Rural Rafaela; ArgentinaFil: Zarate, Gabriela del Valle. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Universidad San Pablo Tucumán; Argentin

The generation of hydrothermal oil in sediments of the Chapala Lake, and its relation with the geothermal activity in the Citala rift, Jalisco State, Mexico [La generación de petróleo hidrotermal en sedimentos del Lago Chapala y su relación con la actividad geotérmica del rift Citala en el estado de Jalisco, México]

Lake Chapala, located in the Citala Rift in western Mexico, is characterized by its active and fossil geothermal activity, which includes terrestrial and sublacustrine hot springs, alteration halos, carbonated sinter deposits and mud volcanoes. Sub-lacustrine hot springs and asphalt emanations that constitute islets coexist in the lake. Oil generated in geothermic zones has an hydrothermal origin because circulating hot water generates both thermic alteration of organic matter and mass transference. For this reason, this oil is named hydrothermal petroleum (HP). Analyses by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of the HP from Lake Chapala show that it consists of mature biomarkers and an unresolved complex mixture of branched and cyclic hydrocarbons (UCM). The mature biomarkers, derivated from lacustrine microbiota, consist mainly of 17α(H),21β(-H)-hopanes from C27 to C34 (no C28); gammacerane, tricyclic terpanes (C20-C26, no C22); carotane and its cracking products; C28 and C29 steranes and drimanes (C14-C16). The hydrothermal petroleum of the Chapala Lake does not contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) nor n-alkanes. The composition of this HP does not fit with conventional biodegraded petroleum residues. The absence of n-alkanes and isoprenoids and presence of UCM, mature hopanes, steranes and carotenoid biomarkers are consistent with rapid hydrothermal oil generation, similar to hydrothermal petroleum from the East African Rift. We propose that the HP from Lake Chapala was generated rapidly from lacustrine organic matter at temperatures below that required for hydrothermal cracking of alkanes from kerogen (250 °C). The hydrothermal petroleum of Lake Chapala was forced by tectonic activity to the lake bed, from a depth estimated in 300-500 m, where the sediments have 14C ages &gt;40 ka. The bulk carbon of the HP of Lake Chapala has a mean δ13CPDB of -21.4‰ which is a typical value for lacustrine organic matter. The occurrence of hydrothermal petroleum in continental rift systems is now well understood and should be included as a target in exploration for future energy resources in such regions

The generation of hydrothermal oil in sediments of the Chapala Lake, and its relation with the geothermal activity in the Citala rift, Jalisco State, Mexico [La generación de petróleo hidrotermal en sedimentos del Lago Chapala y su relación con la actividad geotérmica del rift Citala en el estado de Jalisco, México]

Lake Chapala, located in the Citala Rift in western Mexico, is characterized by its active and fossil geothermal activity, which includes terrestrial and sublacustrine hot springs, alteration halos, carbonated sinter deposits and mud volcanoes. Sub-lacustrine hot springs and asphalt emanations that constitute islets coexist in the lake. Oil generated in geothermic zones has an hydrothermal origin because circulating hot water generates both thermic alteration of organic matter and mass transference. For this reason, this oil is named hydrothermal petroleum (HP). Analyses by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of the HP from Lake Chapala show that it consists of mature biomarkers and an unresolved complex mixture of branched and cyclic hydrocarbons (UCM). The mature biomarkers, derivated from lacustrine microbiota, consist mainly of 17?(H),21?(-H)-hopanes from C27 to C34 (no C28); gammacerane, tricyclic terpanes (C20-C26, no C22); carotane and its cracking products; C28 and C29 steranes and drimanes (C14-C16). The hydrothermal petroleum of the Chapala Lake does not contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) nor n-alkanes. The composition of this HP does not fit with conventional biodegraded petroleum residues. The absence of n-alkanes and isoprenoids and presence of UCM, mature hopanes, steranes and carotenoid biomarkers are consistent with rapid hydrothermal oil generation, similar to hydrothermal petroleum from the East African Rift. We propose that the HP from Lake Chapala was generated rapidly from lacustrine organic matter at temperatures below that required for hydrothermal cracking of alkanes from kerogen (250 °C). The hydrothermal petroleum of Lake Chapala was forced by tectonic activity to the lake bed, from a depth estimated in 300-500 m, where the sediments have 14C ages &gt;40 ka. The bulk carbon of the HP of Lake Chapala has a mean ?13CPDB of -21.4 which is a typical value for lacustrine organic matter. The occurrence of hydrothermal petroleum in continental rift systems is now well understood and should be included as a target in exploration for future energy resources in such regions